En este trabajo de investigación se busca conocer cuáles son los cambios y continuidades de la versión impresa del diario ‘La República’ a la versión digital. Para ello, se tomó como pretexto los artículos del caso lavado de activos en Fuerza Popular para reconocer si el diario ha mantenido o cambiado las prácticas y herramientas comunicativas al exponer la noticia. Al analizar se encontró que ‘La República’ ha modificado o añadido algunas prácticas periodísticas y herramientas para producir la noticia, comunicarse con el consumidor y llamar su atención. Algunas de estas prácticas y elementos comunicativos que se modificaron son los siguientes: La manera de presentar la noticia y de demostrar su relevancia, la interacción del consumidor con la información y la forma de exponer datos relacionados a la noticia. Así como se identificaron los cambios del diario ‘La República’, también se identificaron las estrategias y herramientas que se han mantenido para exponer el contenido informativo, tanto en el medio impreso como en el digital. Algunas de estas actividades, estrategias y herramientas similares son los siguientes: La opinión del periodista dentro de los lineamientos del diario, la priorización de los datos que perjudican la imagen del partido Fuerza Popular, la verificación de la información, el uso de la fotografía como un discurso informativo y crítico sobre la noticia, la integración de elementos visuales y textuales en el contenido, además el orden de la información. / This research work seeks to know what the changes and continuities are from the printed version of the newspaper 'La República' to the digital version. For this, the articles of the money laundering case in Fuerza Popular were lost as a pretext to recognize if the newspaper has changed or the communication practices and tools when exposing the news. Upon analysis, it was found that ‘La República’ has modified or added some journalistic practices and tools to produce the news, communicate with the consumer and attract their attention. Some of these practices and communicative elements that were modified are the following: The way to present the news and to demonstrate its relevance, the interaction of the consumer with the information and the way to expose data related to the news. Just as the changes in the newspaper 'La República' were identified, the strategies and tools that have been maintained to expose the informative content, both in print and digital, were also identified. Some of these activities, strategies and similar tools are as follows: The journalist's opinion within the guidelines of the newspaper, the prioritization of data that harm the image of the Fuerza Popular party, the verification of information, the use of photography as an informative and critical discourse on the news, the integration of elements visual and textual in the content, as well as the order of the information. / Trabajo de investigación

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Esta pesquisa objetiva analisar os critÃrios pelos quais se define o hipertexto e verificar se tais critÃrios se aplicam ao hipertexto ou à hipertextualidade, termos que se confundem na literatura sobre o assunto, sobretudo no Ãmbito da LinguÃstica Textual. Constatamos que a definiÃÃo de hipertexto se baseia ora em um Ãnico critÃrio, ora em um nÃmero excessivo, que mais se referem ao suporte hipertextual que ao material enunciativo. As definiÃÃes por nÃs analisadas desconsideram a heterogeneidade funcional dos hipertextos, o que nos fez vislumbrar que a categoria hipertextualidade contemplaria tal diversidade. Para o alcance deste objetivo, a investigaÃÃo, de natureza teÃrica, se inscreve na base epistemolÃgica das formulaÃÃes teÃrico-filosÃficas de Bakhtin (1997), relativa aos conceitos de enunciaÃÃo, enunciado e gÃneros. Nosso percurso teÃrico-metodolÃgico à construÃdo, primeiramente, com uma discussÃo acerca do critÃrio da nÃo-linearidade, sobre o qual defendemos nÃo ser suficiente para a definiÃÃo de hipertexto, especialmente na perspectiva da leitura ou da produÃÃo de sentidos. A seguir, discutimos as demais caracterÃsticas apontadas como definidoras do hipertexto e elegemos a multilinearidade, a hipermodalidade e a interatividade como caracterÃsticas necessÃrias à redefiniÃÃo de hipertextualidade. Este exercÃcio de anÃlise e de reflexÃo autorizou-nos propor uma abordagem enunciativa de hipertextos a qual considera que o hipertexto sà se permite definir com base em manifestaÃÃes que se apresentam em gÃneros hipertextuais, ao passo que a hipertextualidade se permite definir ontologicamente, de maneira mais genÃrica. AlÃm disso, pudemos concluir que os critÃrios definidores do hipertexto aplicam-se muito mais à hipertextualidade que ao hipertexto, sendo este sempre parte daquela e nÃo sinÃnimos, como se supunha. / This research aims to analyze the criteria by which hypertext is defined and verify if the criteria are applied to hypertext or to hypertextuality, expressions that are puzzled in the literature about the subject, above all in Textual Linguistics scope. We verified that the definition of hypertext is based on a single criterion sometimes, and on an excessive number of criteria at other times, which are more relative to the hypertextual support than to the enunciative material. The definitions analyzed by us do not consider the functional heterogeneity of hypertexts, which makes us observe that the hypertextuality category contemplates such diversity. To reach this aim, the investigation, of theoretical nature, is inscribed in the epistemological base of Bakhtinâs ([1953] 1997) theoretical and philosophical formulations, relative to the concepts of enunciation process, enunciation and genres. Our theoretical and methodological course is composed, at first, by one discussion about the non-linear criterion, which we support not being enough to the definition of hypertext, especially in the reading perspective or the meaning-makers perspective. Then, we discuss the other characteristics indicated to be defining to hypertext and select the multilinearity, the hypermodality and the interactivity as necessary characteristics to the redefinition of hypertextuality. This practice of analysis and reflection authorized us to propose one hypertexts-enunciative approach which considers that the hypertext only allows itself to be defined based on the manifestations that are displayed in hypertextual genres, whereas the hypertextuality allows itself to be defined ontologically, in a more general way. Besides that, we could conclude that the defining criteria of hypertext are applied much more to the hypertextuality than to the hypertext itself, which is always part of the hypertextuality and not a synonym, as it has been assumed.

Un remake-actualisation est un film reprenant l’intrigue et les personnages d’un film de même nationalité réalisé antérieurement. Le remake entretient donc une relation hypertextuelle avec son film source. Cependant, la réalité de son hypertextualité s’avère paradoxale à tous les stades de son existence. Sa production met en lumière différentes dynamiques qui ne coïncident pas nécessairement avec sa déclaration et encore moins avec son interprétation. Le remake cherche donc à se construire en tant que création tout en maintenant un lien plus ou moins marqué avec le film original. Qu’il soit télévisuel ou cinématographique, le remake devient le lieu de confrontation des différentes conceptions du média en question. Mais l’objet répond-il à une norme de création universelle ?L’universalité relative de l’objet illustre à la fois une unification de la conception la plus industrielle du cinéma et de la télévision et une nouvelle façon d’appréhender la création audiovisuelle. / An updating remake is a movie which takes the plot and the characters from a filmof the same nationality released earlier. The remade film develops an hypertextualrelationship with its model. However, its hypertextuality is paradoxical at every stages ofits existence.Its production highlights different working-rules which do not necessarily match itsdeclaration or interpretation. The remake film aims at building itself as a creation and atthe same time, at maintaining a link more or less emphasized with the original motionpicture. Televised or cinematographic, the remake becomes the confrontation place of thedifferent media views. But does the object answer to a universal creative rule?The relative universality of the remakes both shows a unification of the mostindustrial conception of cinema and television and a new way to apprehend the audiovisualcreation.

The goal of this MA thesis is to capture how the term "hypertext" is comprehended especially in Czech linguistics. Close attention is paid to concepts from the area of the electronic hypertext realisation and to the related concepts from the field of literary studies. The relationship of the author and the reader in the case of production and reception of hypertexts is also taken into account. The topic of hypertextuality in contemporary culture is touched upon as well. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The goal of the master's thesis is to capture how the term hypertext is comprehended in Czech linguistics with respect to the broader context of foreign treatises. The attention is paid to the concepts from the area of text linguistics which are related to the phenomenon of hypertext: intertextuality, architextuality, pretext, and the possibility of understanding of hypertext as the highest language level is discussed. Attention is paid to the relationship of the author and the reader in the case of production and reception of hypertexts. Selectively is described hypertextuality in contemporary culture, especially fiction. Furthermore, the work focuses on the history of the use of the concept of hypertext and hypertext integration into the network theory.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a inter-relação entre as esferas política e do cotidiano no gênero digital microblog político dos candidatos à presidência do Brasil nas eleições de 2010. Como corpus da pesquisa foi arquivado todo o material postado no Twitter pelos três principais candidatos à presidência da república Dilma Rousseff, José Serra e Marina Silva durante o período oficial de campanha (06 de julho de 2010 / 31 de outubro de 2010). Em vista de atingir tais propósitos, elaborou-se a seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: De que forma se dá a inter-relação entre as esferas política e do cotidiano no microblog dos candidatos à presidência do Brasil nas eleições de 2010?Empregaremos como base teórico-metodológica as contribuições do Círculo de Bakhtin. Em um primeiro nível de análise, iremos verificar o contexto social mais amplo que envolve as eleições de 2010. A partir destas reflexões, constatamos as diversas dimensões de relações dialógicas presentes nos enunciados do corpus. Os resultados obtidos por esta pesquisa ilustram a alternância entre mensagens com tom informal que visam aproximar o candidato de seus eleitores, próprio da conversação do cotidiano e dos gêneros primários (simples) e de mensagens densas que aprofundam o debate com teor sociopolítico, isto é, os gêneros secundários (complexos). Deve-se ressaltar que a heterogeneidade do gênero microblog é realçada pelos recursos hipertextuais que criam um conteúdo multimodal: verbal (mensagens de apoio, descrição do dia a dia), visual (fotos, vídeos) e sonoros (jingles, músicas). Avaliamos, em conjunção com a hipertextualidade, as relações dialógicas presentes no corpus: a variação entre concordância, discurso citado, polêmica, objeções, etc. / This research aims at analyzing the interplay between the political and everyday life spheres in the digital micro blog genre of the candidates running for the Brazilian presidential elections in 2010. The main research corpus is an archived compilation of all the material posted on Twitter by the three main candidates running for President in Brazil Dilma Rousseff, José Serra and Marina Silva during the official campaign period (July 6th, 2010 / October 31st, 2010). In order to achieve such propositions, the following research question has been elaborated: How does the interrelationship between the political and everyday life spheres happen in the microblog of the candidates to the Brazilian presidency in the elections of 2010? The contributions of the Bakhtin Circle will be used as the theoretical and methodological basis. In a first analytical level, we will observe the broader social context involving the 2010 elections. Based on these reflections, we have found out the multiple dimensions of the dialogical relationships that are present in the corpus utterances. The results obtained by this research illustrate the alternation between messages with an informal style, aiming at approaching the candidate to his electors, typical of everyday conversations and primary genres (simple), and dense messages that deepen the debate with social-political content, that is, the secondary genres (complex). It must be pointed out that the heterogeneity of the microblog genre is enhanced by hypertext resources that create multimodal content: verbal (support messages, descriptions of everyday life), visual (pictures, videos), and audio (jingles, songs). We evaluated, in conjunction with hypertextuality, the dialogical relationships present in the corpus: the agreement, controversy, quoted speech, polemic, objections, etc.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a inter-relação entre as esferas política e do cotidiano no gênero digital microblog político dos candidatos à presidência do Brasil nas eleições de 2010. Como corpus da pesquisa foi arquivado todo o material postado no Twitter pelos três principais candidatos à presidência da república Dilma Rousseff, José Serra e Marina Silva durante o período oficial de campanha (06 de julho de 2010 / 31 de outubro de 2010). Em vista de atingir tais propósitos, elaborou-se a seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: De que forma se dá a inter-relação entre as esferas política e do cotidiano no microblog dos candidatos à presidência do Brasil nas eleições de 2010?Empregaremos como base teórico-metodológica as contribuições do Círculo de Bakhtin. Em um primeiro nível de análise, iremos verificar o contexto social mais amplo que envolve as eleições de 2010. A partir destas reflexões, constatamos as diversas dimensões de relações dialógicas presentes nos enunciados do corpus. Os resultados obtidos por esta pesquisa ilustram a alternância entre mensagens com tom informal que visam aproximar o candidato de seus eleitores, próprio da conversação do cotidiano e dos gêneros primários (simples) e de mensagens densas que aprofundam o debate com teor sociopolítico, isto é, os gêneros secundários (complexos). Deve-se ressaltar que a heterogeneidade do gênero microblog é realçada pelos recursos hipertextuais que criam um conteúdo multimodal: verbal (mensagens de apoio, descrição do dia a dia), visual (fotos, vídeos) e sonoros (jingles, músicas). Avaliamos, em conjunção com a hipertextualidade, as relações dialógicas presentes no corpus: a variação entre concordância, discurso citado, polêmica, objeções, etc. / This research aims at analyzing the interplay between the political and everyday life spheres in the digital micro blog genre of the candidates running for the Brazilian presidential elections in 2010. The main research corpus is an archived compilation of all the material posted on Twitter by the three main candidates running for President in Brazil Dilma Rousseff, José Serra and Marina Silva during the official campaign period (July 6th, 2010 / October 31st, 2010). In order to achieve such propositions, the following research question has been elaborated: How does the interrelationship between the political and everyday life spheres happen in the microblog of the candidates to the Brazilian presidency in the elections of 2010? The contributions of the Bakhtin Circle will be used as the theoretical and methodological basis. In a first analytical level, we will observe the broader social context involving the 2010 elections. Based on these reflections, we have found out the multiple dimensions of the dialogical relationships that are present in the corpus utterances. The results obtained by this research illustrate the alternation between messages with an informal style, aiming at approaching the candidate to his electors, typical of everyday conversations and primary genres (simple), and dense messages that deepen the debate with social-political content, that is, the secondary genres (complex). It must be pointed out that the heterogeneity of the microblog genre is enhanced by hypertext resources that create multimodal content: verbal (support messages, descriptions of everyday life), visual (pictures, videos), and audio (jingles, songs). We evaluated, in conjunction with hypertextuality, the dialogical relationships present in the corpus: the agreement, controversy, quoted speech, polemic, objections, etc.

Με μια αρχική επεξεργασία του θέματος της παρούσας εργασίας έγινε φανερό πως χωρίζεται σε δύο χρονικές περιόδους. Η πρώτη περίοδος εκτείνεται από τα μέσα του 19ου αιώνα ως το τέλους του ίδιου αιώνα(εδώ εντοπίστηκαν τρία έργα) και η δεύτερη περίοδος από τα μέσα του 20ου αιώνα περίπου(1959) ως τις αρχές του 21ου αιώνα(2007) (εδώ εντοπίστηκαν δώδεκα έργα) καταγράφεται αποδεδειγμένα ως η πιο δημιουργική περίοδος, ακόμη και αν θέσουμε ως κριτήριο το πλήθος των έργων. Η πρόσληψη δομών και σημαινόντων της ευριπίδειας δραματικής ποίησης θα αναζητηθεί με βάση όσους από τους τύπους διακειμενικότητας του Gerard Genette μπορούν να ανιχνευτούν στα εξής νεοελληνικά δραματικά κείμενα: Μήδεια του Ιωάννη Ζαμπέλιου(1860)-M1, To Ψέμα του Ιάσονα του Δημήτρη Χριστοδούλου(1959)-M2, Μήδεια (η οφιοπλόκαμη ερινύα των πόθων) της Μαρίας Κέκκου (1990)-M4, Μήδεια του Μποστ (Χρύσανθος Βοσταντζόγλου ή Μποσταντζόγλου) (1993)-M6, Μήδεια του Βασίλη Γκουρογιάννη (1995)-M7, Μήδεια, του Βασίλη Ζιώγα(1995)-Μ8, Στον αστερισμό της Εκάτης-(Θεατρικά έργα και μονόπρακτα) του Κωνσταντίνου Μπούρα(1997) α. Η Μήδεια στην Αθήνα του Κωνσταντίνου Μπούρα (Μονόπρακτο) (1997)-Μ9 και β. Το τέλος της Μήδειας(Τραγωδία) του Κωνσταντίνου Μπούρα (1997)-Μ10, Μήδεια αυτοπυρπολούμενη του Ντίνου Ταξιάρχη(2006)-M11, Backstage (Παρασκήνιο) της Άννας Μαρίας Μαργαρίτη(2007)-M12, Η άλλη ΜΗΔΕΙΑ του Βασίλη Μπουντούρη (1990)-M5, Ποιος σκότωσε τα παιδιά της Μήδειας του Χάρη Λαμπίδη(1984)-M3. Αν ξεκινήσουμε από τον κανόνα της Kristeva πως κάθε κείμενο με βάση το φαινόμενο της διακειμενικότητας «είναι ένα μωσαϊκό από αναφορές σε άλλα κείμενα, μια απορρόφηση ενός άλλου κειμένου», κατόπιν μπορούμε να επεκταθούμε και στην κατά Riffaterre θέση, η οποία υπογραμμίζει την ανάγκη αναζήτησης ενός διακειμένου ώστε να ολοκληρωθεί η οποιαδήποτε λογοτεχνική προσέγγιση κάθε κειμένου. Τα επίπεδα πρόσληψης θα αναζητηθούν μέσα από τα στοιχεία(δομικές, νοηματικές και δραματικές μονάδες) που διοχετεύονται από τη Μήδεια του Ευριπίδη (Μ) στα διακείμενα (Μ1 έως Μ12) νεότερες Μήδειες ή και όχι υποχρεωτικά Μήδειες ως προς τον τίτλο. Κατόπιν θα εξεταστεί η αυτούσια (λογοκλοπή-plagiarism) μετάγγιση στα νέα έργα στοιχείων του (ΜΕ) ή η μεταλλαγμένη παρουσία τους καθώς και σε πιο βαθμό διατηρούνται ή αλλάζουν τα μυθολογικά μοτίβα, θέματα, πρόσωπα και ο δραματικός χώρος των δραματικών κειμένων με καταγωγή από την πλατφόρμα πάνω στην οποία κυριαρχικά τοποθετείται η Μήδεια του Ευριπίδη. / Initially as a treatment of the subject of the present work it became obvious that it is separated in two time periods. The first period is extended by the means of the 19th century until the end of same century (where located three plays) and the second period from the means of the 20th century roughly (1959) until the beginning of the 21st century (2007) (where twelve plays). Where located evidentig the most creative period, even if we place as criterion the number of plays. The engagement of structure and meaning of the Eurepides’ dramatic poetry it will be sought with based those on types of Gerard Genette’s intertextuality can be detected in the following Modern Greek dramatic texts: Medea by Ioannis Zambelios(1860)-M1, The Jason’s lie by Dimitris Christodoulou(1959)-M2, Medea (the shake of desnes) by Maria Kekkou (1990)-M4, Medea by Bost (Chrissanthos Vostantzoglou or Bostantzoglou)(1993)-M6, Medea by Basilis Gourogiannis(1995)-M7, Medea by Basilis Ziogas (1995)-Μ8, In Ekates’ constellation-(Plays and one act plays) by Konstadinos Bouras (1997) α. Medea in Athens by Konstantinos Bouras(one act play) (1997)M9 and b. Medea’s end (Tragedy) by Konstantinos Bouras (1997)-Μ10, Medea self-burned up dy Dinos Taxiarchis(2006)-M11, Backstage by Anna Maria Margariti (2007)-M12, The other Medea by Basilis Boudouris(1990)-M5, Who killed Medea’s children by Harry Labidi (1984)-M3. If we start with the rule of Kristeva that each text based on the phenomenon of intertextuality «it is a mosaic of reports in other texts, a absorption of another text », then we can extend oneself also in the Riffaterres’ place, which underlines the need of search of intertext so that is being completed the any literary approach of each text. The levels of engagement will be sought through the elements (structural, meaning and dramatic units) that are channeled by the Medea of Eurepides’(ΜΕ) in intertexts (from Μ1 to Μ12) modern plays named Medea or even no necessarilly Medea as for the title. Then it will be examined self-same (plagiarism) transfusion in his new work of elements (ΜΕ) or their mutant presence as well as in what degree they maintain or change the mythological patterns, subjects, persons and the dramatic space of dramatic texts with originate from the platform above in that sovereign it is placed the Medea of Eurepides.

Composition no 1 de Marc Saporta, Marelle de Julio Cortázar, Le Château des destins croisés d'Italo Calvino et Le Maître du Haut Château de Philip K. Dick. Écrits entre 1962 et 1973, ces quatre romans ont pour point commun l'usage qu'il font de la tradition divinatoire. Dans les trois premiers, la forme romanesque se délite en adoptant la forme des tarots. Quant au dernier roman cité, il fonde son écriture sur des consultations du Yi King, l'oracle de la tradition chinoise. Tant sur le plan politique que littéraire, le moment des années 1960 coïncidence avec une remise en cause radicale de l'autorité. Précédant la mort de l'auteur prophétisée par Barthes, des artistes s'emparent du hasard afin d'affranchir la création de tout arbitraire auctorial. Cette thèse envisage la manière dont les quatre romanciers du corpus exploitent les théories jungiennes (synchronicité, archétypes, etc.) afin de reconsidérer les rôles de l'auteur et du lecteur. En déconstruisant les formes de la linéarité romanesque, ces romans proposent une littérature expérimentale faisant fi des structures usuelles du genre. Entre poétique ludique et mysticisme, l'usage du hasard divinatoire transforme les œuvres en complexes hypertextuels. Mettant au cœur de leur poétique le sujet interprétant, ces romans donnent l'occasion d'interroger les modalités cognitives de l'interaction littéraire ; ce faisant, ils permettent d'appréhender de façon privilégiée les relations transmédiatiques entre littérature et écriture numérique. / Marc Saporta's Composition no 1, Julio Cortázar's Hopscotch, Italo Calvino's Castle of Crossed Destinies, and Philip K. Dick's Man in the High Castle. Written between 1962 and 1973, these four novels have as common denominator their use of oracular traditions. In the first three literary works, the novel form is broken by becoming one with tarot cards. In the last novel mentioned, the Chinese oracle – the I Ching – is the source of the writing process. In both political and literary fields, the 1960's consist in a radical questioning of authority. Prior to Barthes' prophecy of the Death of the Author, artists make use of chance and randomness in order to liberate creation from the arbitrary power of the author. This thesis studies the way the four aforementioned writers try to reconsider the dynamics between reader and writer by using the Jungian theories (synchronicity, archetypes, etc.). By deconstructing the linearity of the novel form, the four books are representative of an experimental literature which shows disregard to genre conventions. Between ludic poetic and mysticism, the novels are made hypertextual by oracular randomness. Focusing on the interpreting reader, the novels investigate the modalities of literary interaction ; this way, they are key materials in understanding the transmedia relations between literature and digital literacy.

A intersecção do webjornalismo com a web 2.0 faz emergir uma nova prática jornalística em rede – o webjornalismo participativo. As notícias publicadas em sites ou canais dessa natureza são produzidas por “cidadãos comuns” e, em alguns casos, passam pela mediação de jornalistas. Esta dissertação propõe-se a traçar o perfil das notícias veiculadas no canal de webjornalismo participativo vc repórter, do Portal Terra. O canal funciona com a intervenção de jornalistas que selecionam e editam o material enviado pelos internautas. Parte-se do pressuposto de que este modelo de produção jornalística acarreta novas formas de apresentação das notícias, tanto conteúdo quanto formato. Os dois meses de coleta (julho e agosto de 2007) totalizaram um corpus de 139 matérias, que foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo. Investigou-se os seguintes itens: valores-notícia; fontes consultadas; editorias mais procuradas; extensão do texto; utilização ou não de fotos e links complementares; sexo e localização geográfica dos colaboradores. / The intersection of webjournalism with Web 2.0 prompts the emergence of a new network journalistic practice – participative webjournalism. News published on sites or channels of this nature are produced by “common citizens” and, in some cases, go through the mediation of journalists. This dissertation is set to delineate the profile of the news items featured in the participative webjournalism channel vc reporter, Portal Terra. The channel functions through the intervention of journalists who select and edit the materials sent by the internet navigators. One parts from the presupposition that this journalistic production model calls for new manners to present news items, both content and format. The two months of collections (July and August) totalled a body of 139 subject matters, which were submitted to content analysis. The following items were investigated: news-values; sources consulted; most looked-after editorials; text extension; the use, or not, of photos and complementary links; gender and geographic location of the collaborators.