<p>Abstract</p><p>Entrepreneurship has become an important issue in the modern society where the business landscape consists of many small and medium sized firms. These firms have all been started by an entrepreneur who has identified and business idea and developed that idea into a new venture. We therefore see the idea identification and idea development process as a central part of the creation of a new firm.</p><p>A concept that has become popular in the discussion about entrepreneurship is the cluster concept and dynamic business settings. These concepts are based on the fact that in some geographical regions more firms are started than in other geographical locations. These firms are often started in the same field or industry which has lead to theories that the environment supports and stimulates entrepreneurship. The studies about clusters have often been conducted with an organizational perspective and studied formal contacts within clusters. Therefore we in this study want to study how cluster environments support entrepreneurs in their idea identification and idea development process with the perspective of the individual entrepreneur.</p><p>The study is based on a theoretical framework built around the cluster theories develop by Michael Porter who is considered to be the father to this concept. In addition to this we also present theories about the importance of untraded interdependencies, the triple helix, spin-offs and entrepreneurs as organizational products.</p><p>The empirical material for this study has been collected through interviews with five entrepreneurs in Sweden’s famous ICT cluster Kista Science City just outside Stockholm. These interviews are later presented as five individual cases which describe the idea identification and development process. The results from these interview shows that the cluster environment can support the entrepreneurs in several ways. The support we have found in this study could be linked to the existence of untraded interdependencies that provided the entrepreneurs with access to information, knowledge and experts through networks. These factors were useful both in the idea identification and the idea development process.</p>

Abstract Entrepreneurship has become an important issue in the modern society where the business landscape consists of many small and medium sized firms. These firms have all been started by an entrepreneur who has identified and business idea and developed that idea into a new venture. We therefore see the idea identification and idea development process as a central part of the creation of a new firm. A concept that has become popular in the discussion about entrepreneurship is the cluster concept and dynamic business settings. These concepts are based on the fact that in some geographical regions more firms are started than in other geographical locations. These firms are often started in the same field or industry which has lead to theories that the environment supports and stimulates entrepreneurship. The studies about clusters have often been conducted with an organizational perspective and studied formal contacts within clusters. Therefore we in this study want to study how cluster environments support entrepreneurs in their idea identification and idea development process with the perspective of the individual entrepreneur. The study is based on a theoretical framework built around the cluster theories develop by Michael Porter who is considered to be the father to this concept. In addition to this we also present theories about the importance of untraded interdependencies, the triple helix, spin-offs and entrepreneurs as organizational products. The empirical material for this study has been collected through interviews with five entrepreneurs in Sweden’s famous ICT cluster Kista Science City just outside Stockholm. These interviews are later presented as five individual cases which describe the idea identification and development process. The results from these interview shows that the cluster environment can support the entrepreneurs in several ways. The support we have found in this study could be linked to the existence of untraded interdependencies that provided the entrepreneurs with access to information, knowledge and experts through networks. These factors were useful both in the idea identification and the idea development process.

Nuestro proyecto busca desarrollar una idea de negocio a partir de un problema que hemos detectado en la sociedad actual. Este proyecto se divide en dos etapas; la primera narrará la búsqueda y validación del problema en cuestión y la segunda se concentrará en el desarrollo de la idea de negocio. Sabemos que en la actualidad, aún existen muchos tabúes acerca de la sexualidad que aún no son normalizados, es por ello que aún existe el sentimiento de vergüenza al comprar productos sexuales en tiendas físicas. Es así que, My Sextery Box se crea para poder confrontar estos tabúes y promover experiencias sexuales divertidas, seguras y distintas. En la primera etapa, se realizaron entrevistas al público objetivo y expertos en el tema, para poder obtener información acerca del problema. Es así que, se entrevistaron a una sexóloga, ginecóloga, urólogo, trabajador del Ministerio de Salud y un vendedor de una sex shop. En la segunda etapa, se determinaron los pasos a seguir para desarrollar una empresa a partir de una idea de negocio. Dentro del análisis desarrollado, se destaca la importancia de las operaciones y marketing implementado. Nuestro diferencial es el factor sorpresa y personalización del kit. Las proyecciones indican bajo una tasa de descuento de 15.56%, lograremos un VAN de S/. 8,964.68 soles, con una tasa interna de retorno de 35.7% en un periodo de recupero de la inversión de 2.88 años. Con estos números nuestro proyecto representa una gran oportunidad de inversión. / Our project has as main objective to develop a business idea based on a current problem in our society. This project is splitted in two stages; the first will narrate the research and validation of the problem and the second one will focus on the development of the business idea. We know that nowadays, there are still many taboos about sexuality that are no yet normalized. That is why there is still a feeling of shame when people buy sexual products in physical stores. Mysextery box is created to confront these taboos and to promote fun, safety and different sexual experiences. In the first stage, we interviewed our target audience and experts to obtain information about the problem. A sexologist, gynecologist, urologist, Ministry of Health worker, and a vendor from a sex shop were interviewed. In the second stage, we determined the steps to follow to develop a company from a business idea. Within the analysis, it highlights the importance of the operations and marketing. Our differential is the surprise factor and the personalization of the kits. Projections indicate that, under a discount rate of 15.56%, we will achieve a NPV of S/. 8,964.68 soles with an internal rate of return of 35.7% with a payback of 2.88 years. With these numbers, our project represents a great investment opportunity. / Trabajo de investigación

En la actualidad, la educación en el mundo viene viviendo un continuo desarrollo y cada vez nos presenta mayores opciones que satisfacen las necesidades de los usuarios. Una de estas necesidades es la adquisición de juegos educativos de calidad. Son los niños los que llevan a cabo uno de los aprendizajes más destacables. Es en esta etapa cuando se ven grandes progresos en el desarrollo psicomotriz, por lo que para facilitarles el desarrollo de estas habilidades es recomendable brindarles juguetes que les motiven a poner en práctica lo aprendido en el colegio. El objetivo de este proyecto es proveer en el mercado limeño una opción válida de compra y reparto juegos educativos en el canal presencial y canal digital. Con ello les presentamos un formato didáctico para comprar un juego educativo de calidad y además ofrecer al usuario la opción de que la entrega sea a domicilio. Para la sustentación de este proyecto se han realizado múltiples experimentos. En primer lugar, se ha logrado validar que de verdad existe la necesidad antes comentada. Luego, se validó las posibles soluciones y el plan concierge del proyecto. Finalmente, lo que nos resultó más importante fue validar el canal de atención y comunicación con nuestros clientes; al igual que validar las intenciones de compra. Con lo descrito líneas atrás, ponemos a disposición de los lectores tomar como ejemplo nuestro proyecto para futuras ideas de negocio que puedan ser sostenibles en el tiempo y que sean innovadoras en todo sentido. / Today, education in the world has been undergoing continuous development and presents us with ever-greater options that meet the needs of users. One of these needs is the acquisition of quality educational games. The children carry out one of the most remarkable learnings. It is at this stage that great progress is seen in psychomotor development, so to facilitate the development of these skills it is advisable to provide them with toys that motivate them to put into practice what they have learned at school. The objective of this project is to provide the Lima market with a valid option to buy and I hand out educational games on the face-to-face channel and the digital channel. With this, we present a didactic format to buy a quality educational game and offer the user the option of home delivery. Many experiments have been carried out to support this project. First In this place, it has been possible to validate that the need mentioned above really exists. Then it was validated the possible solutions and the concierge plan of the project. Finally, what we found most It was important to validate the channel of attention and communication with our clients; as well as to validate the purchase intentions. With what is described above, we offer readers to take our example project for future business ideas that can be sustainable over time and that are innovative in every way. / Trabajo de investigación

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La teoría de lo grotesco propone la historia de la idea estética de lo grotesco en cinco grandes etapas: en su imposibilidad en las poéticas y tratados de la Clasicidad, en la polémica de la tragicomedia del Barroco del Siglo de Oro, en el advenimiento de la Estética y la Crítica del siglo de las Luces y en las tres irrupciones que sitúan lo grotesco en el primer plano de la teoría en los siglos XIX y en los siglos XX y XXI. La evolución de lo grotesco se estudia principalmente en los teóricos de referencia de cada etapa en los cuales influye poderosamente aunque no haya expresión directa de su idea sino reformulaciones entreveradas bajo la designación de otros términos en cada una de las etapas estudiadas. De entre todos los términos bajo los que se oculta el influjo de lo grotesco destaca el de lo barroco como idea constante omnipresente en todas las épocas y sobre todo en los límites de transición de una a otra cuando estalla la querelle entre antiguos y modernos.

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The purpose of this paper is to study how the conservatism have changed in the conservative party in the United Kingdom and what influence the party leader seems to have over the party ideology. To answer this purpose an idea analysis is used and a material consisting of election manifestos from three periods of the party´s history (Churchill, Thatcher and Cameron) but even political biographies of the leaders. The result shows some difference between the manifestos and the leaders, but even some similarities. One difference, but also a similarity over time, is the view of a cooperation in Europe. Churchill’s manifestos are positive to a cooperation between nations in Europe, Thatcher and Cameron there manifestos share the same skeptics against a further European cooperation. One similarity over time is the support for family as one of the central values in the country. About the leaders and the manifestos there are some similarities, but also some difference between them. Example of similarities are Churchill and the manifestos support full employment, Thatcher and the manifestos support aim on inflation. Cameron is personally divvied in his relation to trade unions and so is the manifestos.  One difference between Churchill and the manifestos is that Churchill accepted capital punishment, but the manifestos never take a stand in this issue. Thatcher and the manifestos don’t share the same view on homosexuality rights, Thatcher is negative and the manifestos not even take a stand. Cameron´s view on privatization is unown, but the manifestos are positive.

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