Research regarding youth involvement in physical fighting and suicidal ideation has been primarily conducted in western countries, such as the U.S., and limited information is available on this subject in sub-Saharan Africa. This study used data from the Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) to analyze the prevalence and correlates (i.e., bullying victimization, loneliness, having no friends, sadness, alcohol use, and drug use) of physical fighting and suicidal ideation among students, both boys and girls in Uganda. In this study, 10.1% of urban students and 15.2% of rural students reported engaging in both physical fighting and suicidal ideation. Rural students overall have a higher prevalence of physical fighting, being bullied, suicidal ideation, alcohol use and drug use when compared to urban students. Other risk factors vary among boys and girls in urban and rural settings. Gender and urban/rural differences indicate that interventions among boys and girls and urban and rural students should be adapted to address the needs of the specific groups.

This study is an analysis of adolescent risk behaviors contributing to an increased rate of suicidal ideation for 12 to 18 year olds. The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System Survey (YRBSS) is an epidemiologic survey designed to monitor the prevalence of risky behaviors of adolescents in middle and high school1. The YRBSS is a complex sample survey with a three-stage cluster design. Multiple logistic regression is used to analyze the data, including methods of analysis to address issues in complex survey design. Results of this study indicate several different risk factors that influence the rate of suicidal ideation among adolescents, including alcohol and drug use, sexual risky behaviors, unhealthy weight loss methods, depressed mood, sex and race/ethnicity. The conclusions of this study indicate that many risk factors associated with suicidal ideation are behaviors that could be addressed with early intervention strategies to reduce the risk of suicidal ideation.

Suicide in the South African Police Service is a reality. The inability to cope effectively with stressful events in a working environment could lead to chronic stress, burnout and even suicide. The purpose of this research was to establish the current level of suicide ideation in police officials in the KwaZulu-Natal Province. Secondly, the purpose was to determine the relationship between coping and stress, and thirdly, whether these factors could he used to predict suicide ideation of police officials in the Kwazulu-Natal Province. A cross-sectional survey design was used to achieve the research objectives. The study population consisted of 272 uniformed police officials in the KwaZulu-Natal Province. The following measuring battery was used: a biographical questionnaire, the Adult Suicide Ideation Questionnaire, COPE Questionnaire, and the Police Stress Inventory. Descriptive statistics (e.g. standard deviations, means, skewness and kurtosis) and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. Cronbach alpha coefficients, inter-item correlation coefficients and confirmatory factor analysis were used to assess the reliability and validity of the measuring battery. Discriminant analysis was used to determine which variables could be used to predict suicide ideation. The results indicated that 9 (3,30%) of the uniformed police officials have significant suicide ideation levels and that 11 (4,15%) police officials in the KwaZulu-Natal Province have attempted suicide in the past. No difference was found between the suicide ideation of males and females. A positive correlation between suicide ideation, police-specific stressors, as well as problem-focused coping, passive coping and social support was found. The results also indicated correlations between suicide ideation, medical condition and alcohol abuse, where stress because of lack of resources was identified as the primary stressor that caused alcohol abuse. The results also indicate that stress caused by job demands and lack of resources as well as police-specific stressors, problem-focused coping, passive coping and social support could be used to classify police officials into groups of high and low suicide ideation. Recommendations with regard to the improvement of the South African Police Service, as well as for future research were made. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

This study introduces empirical data essential to our understanding of the relationship between suicidal individuals and the internet. Strong support was found for hypotheses that suicidal individuals purposely use the internet to resolve suicidal problems, whether for life or for death, and actively engage in an internal suicidal debate. A computer-administered survey (N = 64), and a multinational online survey (N = 1016), provided data on suicide-risk factors, online help-seeking, and internet use. Results from the computer-administered survey showed negative problem-solving approach, using phone helplines, and reluctance to seek professional mental health services, predicted online help-seeking for suicidal ideation. Results from the online survey demonstrated suicide-risk individuals form a unique online population. Suicide-risk participants were more likely, than nonsuicidal, to use online forums, while suicide-risk females, compared to nonsuicidal females, were more likely to create original online content (e.g., blogs, social networking), and spend time surfing/browsing. Suicide-risk participants, particularly females, were more likely to go online in search of new interpersonal relationships (as evidenced by the author-developed Online Relationship Building scale), and demonstrated some acceptance of online help sources. Suicide surfers (suicide-risk individuals who reported going online for suicide-related purposes) were compared with suicide-risk online users (who did not report such experience). Suicide surfers were found to be a higher risk group, reporting more severe suicidal and depressive symptoms, and less social support. Surfers reported higher satisfaction with unmoderated online forums, compared with helpsites and online mental health professionals. Online, they also found more support, felt less alienated, and had more satisfying communications. Results showed strong support for the internal suicidal debate hypotheses. In addition, reasons for living and dying significantly differed between highly suicidal and not suicidal participants, and most highly suicidal participants reported using the internet to look for and/or confirm their reasons for living and dying. Implications include a need for helpsites to be more user and communication oriented. Research implications include new directions for exploring the spectrum of suicidal ideation, and further examining online suicide-related behaviors.

Adventure sport participation numbers have significantly increased over the period of the past ten years; it has been suggested that the emergence of an experience economy, where experiences have more value than possessions, could be a key factor for this increase. Motivations for taking part in an adventure sport activity varies between participants, and perhaps even more so than those motivations that were expressed by participants’ pre-experience economy. There are a number of theories about increased participant numbers; for example, the type of demographic, how they approach participation, and approximate suggestions of how the trend for experiences rather than possessions will evolve in the future. However, there is little that explores the experiences of these newer participants, how they behave, and how they are being received by the adventure sport industry. Additionally, there is no evidence to suggest a definite understanding of the needs and requirements of these participants, nor has an investigation been conducted to measure how well the industry is meeting these. Likewise, the potential to adapt existing provision, to expose untapped opportunities, appears unconsidered, and therefore may have benefit for both providers and participants. This study took its lead from using a process of problematization, whereby the problem is explored, identified and defined by the designer(s), rather than presented to them to solve. Using this approach, a hybrid methodologies model was designed and tested to explore the perceptions and experiences of adventure sport participants, to identify any changes that may be occurring as a result of the experience economy and increased numbers of participants taking up an adventure sport activity. Immersive ethnographic and qualitative methods were implemented to better understand identified changes and issues, and quantitative methods were used to elaborate on, confirm and validate the findings. By doing this it was also possible to establish the efficacy of taking a lived experience approach to identifying and exploring emergent and currently unaddressed issues. The study identified three key themes of interest to adventure sport participants: provision of information, ability to accurately assess skill level and participate safely, and being a part of the adventure sport community. These emerging themes were problematizated, validated, and a process of co-design and ideation was used to establish and suggest a solution that could be implemented by the industry to solve the identified issues. This study highlights the potential of using lived experiences to identify a problem, and employs new mixed methodologies to develop a better understanding of critical factors occurring within a specific industry and its associated communities. The study uses this knowledge to generate a designed solution. The theories and methods discussed by the study have transferable values, and could be used within a wide range of other subject areas, being especially useful when a hypothesis proves difficult to identify and define at the outset of a study.

abstract: While the suicide rate in Mexico is relatively low when compared to countries throughout the world, it is increasing at an alarming pace. Unfortunately, the amount of suicide research focused on Mexican populations is relatively scarce. Using a sample of high school students living in Guanajuato, Mexico, this study explored the relationship between recent suicidal ideation and three factors that previous research in other countries has connected to suicide: Migration aspirations, religiosity, and sexual behavior. Using multiple and logistic regression, the results indicated the following: 1) Recent suicidal ideation predicted increased migration aspirations, 2) higher levels of external religiosity predicted lower odds of recent suicidal ideation, and 3) stronger parent-child relationships predicted lower odds of recent suicidal ideation. The findings are discussed in light of the Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, Bogenschneider's risk/protection model, and Stark's religious commitment theory. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Social Work 2011

This study was prompted by my suspicion that spatial design undergraduates’ production of paper-based freehand sketches during design ideation was in decline. Seeking to find out why, I conducted video-recorded focused interviews with undergraduates from a range of UK spatial design degrees, during which we examined their sketchbook material and discussed their ideational activities (termed ‘ideational moves’). I subjected the data to a form of content analysis, but the outcomes appeared to contradict my initial premise whilst revealing that the interactions during the interviews between myself, the respondents and the sketchbook material (termed ‘discursive moves’) warranted examination. This persuaded me that the study’s focus should emerge through ‘evolved’ grounded theory rather than being stated a priori, which highlighted my presence in, and impact on, the data and prompted me to adopt a constructivist grounded theorising approach in combination with actor-network theory’s concepts of translation and circulating references. This study has thus been qualitative, relativist, iterative and multi-modal. Grounded theorising led to the identification of a number of categories and sub-categories of ideational move across the sample, and indicated that the respondents had used a ‘core’ of each. ‘Core’ categories comprised: making paper-based ideational moves, carrying out research and using photographic material. Several respondents also evidenced producing digital imagery and physical models. ‘Core’ sub-categories comprised using paper-based freehand perspective sketches, sketch diagrams and word-based approaches, plus supporting visuo-spatial research. Several respondents also evidenced producing paper-based freehand plan, section and elevation sketches, plus collage. Grounded theorising also revealed that each respondent had utilised a different combination of sub-categories, with different degrees of connectedness. I did not set out to evaluate the design outcomes showcased, but, as a spatial design academic and practitioner, I felt compelled to. This led to the tentative conclusion that respondents who added to the ‘core’ of categories and sub-categories and worked with greater connectedness appeared to produce more thoroughly-considered work, whilst those who forsook the ‘core’ and worked with less connectedness appeared to produce more unexpected results by allowing ‘ ... room for chaos ... ’: periods of confusion and surprise. Regarding the discursive moves, grounded theorising indicated that the sketchbook material tabled by each respondent during the study was not one fixed thing, but an abstraction using placing-for and directing-to techniques to focus attention on certain ideational moves and away from others. This made the sketchbook material a performance within the network of human and non-human actors who, in effect, co-constructed it as a temporary reality without necessarily realising this. Research into sketchbook material appears to regard it, once shared with others, as having the candour of a secret diary, and as eligible for formative and summative assessment because it documents design process authentically. My study, whilst not claiming generalisability, suggests that this view should be challenged. The new knowledge is now informing my future teaching practice and will, I hope, prompt other academics to investigate whether their own students manifest similar outcomes and, through this, contribute to wider discussions on the formative and summative assessment of undergraduate spatial design development activity.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-20T20:15:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 KleidsonDanielMedeirosLeopoldino_DISSERT.pdf: 4143386 bytes, checksum: b8b4f6ceb0032654381facae637bb32d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-22T21:40:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 KleidsonDanielMedeirosLeopoldino_DISSERT.pdf: 4143386 bytes, checksum: b8b4f6ceb0032654381facae637bb32d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-22T21:40:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KleidsonDanielMedeirosLeopoldino_DISSERT.pdf: 4143386 bytes, checksum: b8b4f6ceb0032654381facae637bb32d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Compreendida enquanto uma habilidade, e presente em diferentes n?veis no ser humano a criatividade pode ser estimulada de forma espont?nea e n?o-espont?nea. Espontaneamente a partir da intera??o entre fatores intr?nsecos (indiv?duo) e extr?nsecos (ambientais). J? em sua forma induzida, por meio de t?cnicas de criatividade, ferramentas de facilita??o que visam fomentar pensamentos originais para resolver problemas por meio da sistematiza??o da idea??o em etapas. Neste sentido, a disserta??o tem como objetivo - propor uma t?cnica de criatividade para a gera??o de ideias de empresas de base tecnol?gica. O desenvolvimento da t?cnica teve como base te?rica os seguintes temas: gera??o de ideias, criatividade coletiva e t?cnicas de criatividade. Na pesquisa de campo o m?todo utilizado foi a pesquisa-a??o, a partir de quatro interven??es junto a estudantes de gradua??o e p?s-gradua??o em engenharia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Cada interven??o teve quatro fases: planejamento, interven??o, an?lise e melhoria. Em cada interven??o aprimorou-se a t?cnica e, como resultado surge a IDEATION, na qual cada letra representa uma, dentre suas oito etapas: Identify the Creative Profile, Develop Empathy, Explore the Group Imagination, Attend to the Guidelines, Think and Speak, Involve to the Theme, Obtain Ideas e Nurture the Ideas. / The present work has as objective - propose a creative technique for the generation of ideas to technology-based companies. In many spheres of economy creativity figures as an important issue, because of the increasing complexity of solutions required in situations and scenarios marked by volatility, lack of models and breaking others. In the corporate world it is precisely in this field where the search for innovation becomes a competitive factor. However, to innovate, there must be creativity, a force that drives innovation and bases its quality and differentials face to the challenges of a networked world. Understood as a skill, and present at different levels in humans, when combined with attitude and entrepreneurial action, creativity is able to produce changes that adds or breaks with the current structure. The technique development had as theoretical basis the following themes: ideas generation, collective creativity and creativity techiniques. In the field research the method used was the action research, from four interventions along with graduation and post graduation students in engineering from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Each intervention have four different stages: planning, intervention, analisys and improvement. In each intervention the technique was improved and as result comes up the IDEATION, in which, each letter represents, one of its eight steps: Identify the Creative Profile, Develop Empathy, Explore the Group Imagination, Attend to the Guidelines, Think and Speak, Involve to the Theme, Obtain Ideas e Nurture the Ideas.

Este estudo se propõe a identificar os fatores que permitam melhorar a etapa de geração de ideias de um processo de inovação. A partir de um estudo de caso, de um dos processos de inovação executado pela empresa DuPont na América Latina, busca-se entender quais aspectos influenciam a etapa de geração de ideias no que se refere aos métodos utilizados e aos participantes envolvidos, de forma a identificar sugestões e melhorias para essa etapa do processo de inovação nesta empresa. No âmbito das ideias para a inovação, pesquisadores indicam que a preocupação das empresas é pela ideia excepcional, pois se sabe que, na fase de geração de ideias, o objetivo principal é gerar, capturar e selecionar a melhor ideia, aquela que pode se tornar mais lucrativa. A empresa estudada utilizou o processo de inovação denominado Emerging Markets Growth Initiatives (EMGI), implantado em 2003 e com a participação principalmente de funcionários na etapa de geração de ideias, durante doze anos, e que obteve sucesso em algumas inovações desenvolvidas com a aplicação desse processo. No entanto, com o passar do tempo houve diminuição de ideias inovadoras e, em 2015, esse processo foi substituído por um novo processo de inovação, conduzido pelos Centros de Inovação da organização. A partir do referencial teórico sobre inovação e geração de ideias e da pesquisa empírica de observação direta e de entrevistas em profundidade com uma amostra intencional, não representativa, de participantes desse processo, pode-se concluir que o método aplicado não afetou o desempenho do processo, mas que a repetição dos participantes pode ter sido um limitante após diversos anos de processo. A proteção da propriedade intelectual, que é um fator de vantagem competitiva, foi cuidadosamente observada na inclusão de colaboradores externos (clientes, consultores e acadêmicos). Colaboradores externos foram incluídos com moderação em cada etapa, não havendo consenso entre os respondentes, o que indica que a inclusão de participantes externos deve ser considerada caso a caso, haja vista também as políticas governamentais vigentes para a proteção de propriedade intelectual. Sugere-se engajar um volume maior de colaboradores externos, sendo necessário, entretanto, o aprofundamento nos estudos sobre as melhores práticas para proteger a propriedade intelectual. / The objective of this research is to identify the factors that may improve the idea generation phase of the innovation process. A case study of one of the innovation process executed by DuPont in Latin America was the basis to understand which aspects influence the idea generation phase, regarding methods applied and participants involved, with the purpose to identify suggestions and improvements to this step of the innovation process in this company. In the subject of ideas for innovation, researchers point out that companies\' main concern is to find the exceptional idea, because is known that in the idea generation phase, the main objective is to generate, capture and select the best idea, the one that may become the most profitable. The company studied executed the Emerging Markets Growth Initiatives (EMGI) process, implemented in 2003, mainly with company\'s employees in the idea generation phase, during twelve years, and it was able to develop some successful innovation with this process. However, after some time, a reduction in innovative ideas was identified and, in 2015, this process was replaced by a new innovation process, led by the company Innovation Centers. From the theorical framework about innovation and idea generation in conjunction with an empiric research and in-depth interviews with an intentional sample, non-representative, of this process\' participants, it was concluded that the method applied for idea generation did not interfere in the performance of the process, but the repetition of participants might have limited the process after several years of execution. The intellectual property protection, a factor of competitive advantage, was carefully evaluated when of the opening to external participantes (customers, consultants and academics). They were included with moderation in each step of the process, there was no consensus among the interviewees, indicating the inclusion of external participants should be considered case by case, evaluating also the current government policies regarding protection of intellectual property. It is suggested to include a higher volume of external colaborators, being needed, however, further studies about the best practices to protect the intellectual property.

Introdução: Ideação suicida e tentativas de suicídio são geralmente complicações dos transtornos psiquiátricos. O estudo da freqüência e fatores associados podem contribuir para uma abordagem mais adequada por profissionais de saúde mental. Objetivos: Estimar a prevalência de tentativas e pensamentos suicidas, em pessoas com transtornos mentais graves (TMG) e as associações com características sócio-demograficas, diagnóstico, ajustamento social, sintomas psiquiátricos, uso de substâncias psicoativas, envolvimento familiar e tratamentos realizados. Método: Foram entrevistados e avaliados 192 pessoas que apresentavam TMG, com idade entre 18 e 65 anos e que tiveram contato com os serviços de saúde mental de três regiões definidas do município de São Paulo em período determinado. Utilizou-se anamneses estruturadas com questionários padronizados e escalas psicométricas. As entrevistas foram realizadas no domicílio do paciente. Realizou-se análise descritiva, análise univariada e análise multivariada. Resultados: Da amostra estudada predominaram as pessoas do sexo masculino (53,1%), solteiras (57,3%), com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia (58,3%). Poucas pessoas apresentavam abuso ou dependência de álcool (7,3%) e apenas três pessoas (1,6%) não utilizaram medicações psiquiátricas no período de um ano anterior à entrevista. Cento e nove (57,7%) entrevistados apresentaram pensamentos suicidas ao longo da vida e nos 12 meses anteriores a entrevista, trinta e oito (20,1%) tiveram tais pensamentos. Cinqüenta e nove (30,9%) pessoas já haviam tentado suicídio durante a vida e oito (4,2%) apresentaram tentativas nos 12 meses anteriores à entrevista. Para todas as variáveis de desfecho, apresentaram associação estatística, a presença de sentimentos de culpa e sintomas depressivos. Na análise multivariada, o uso de neurolépticos apresentou associação com pensamentos e tentativas de suicídio ao longo da vida. Conclusão: Ideação e tentativas de suicídio foram bastante prevalentes na população estudada devendo sempre ser investigadas pelos profissionais de saúde mental, para que se possa tomar as devidas condutas, como o manejo dos sentimentos de culpa e depressão, além do ajuste correto da medicação para o transtorno mental. / Introduction: Suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts are usually complications of psychiatric disorders. The study of the frequency and associated factors may contribute for the mental health professionals to have a more appropriate approach. Aims: Estimate the prevalence of attempts and suicidal thoughts, in people who have serious mental disorder (SMD) and the association with social-demographic characteristics, diagnosis, social adjustment, psychiatric symptoms, use of psychoactive substances, family involvement and treatments they have gone though. Method: One hundred ninety two subjects, age 18 - 65, showing SMD and having been in touch with mental health services in three defined zones in the city of Sao Paulo, in the determined period, were evaluated and interviewed. The researchers used structured anamnesis with standardized questionnaires and psychometric scales, the subjects were interviewed at home and a descriptive analysis, a univariate analysis and a multivariate analysis were used. Results: From the sample we studied we’ve found a predominance of men (53,1%), single people (57,3%), having a diagnose of schizophrenia (58,3%). Few people presented abuse or dependence of alcohol (7,3%) and only three people (1,6%) hadn’t used psychiatric medications within one year before the interview. One hundred nine (57,7%) people who where interviewed showed suicidal thoughts during their lives and during 12 months prior to the research, thirty eight (20,1%) had that kind of thoughts. Fifty nine (30,9%) people had tried to commit suicide during their lives and eight (4,2%) showed attempts to it within 12 months before the interview. The presence of guilt feelings and depressive symptoms showed statistics association to all dependant variables. The multivariate analyses showed statistics association to attempts and suicidal thoughts during the patients’ lives to the occasional use of neuroleptics. Conclusion: The presence of suicidal ideation and attempts to suicide were prevalent in the studied population and they should always be investigated by the health mental professionals in order for them manage the prosper procedures, such as the handling of guilt feelings and depression and be able to stablish the proper medication, for the mental disorder.