Suicide is an issue that plagues adolescents in the United States. Suicide crosses socioeconomic, racial, and gender divides and is difficult to predict and prevent. Primary care providers (PCPs) are in a position to detect suicidality in adolescents; however, PCPs lack the knowledge and confidence necessary to accurately identify suicidal adolescents. The author conducted an extensive review of current literature (meta-analyses, systematic reviews, literature reviews, case reports, and existing clinical practice guidelines) on identification of adolescent suicidality in pediatric primary care settings. This paper provides a set of recommendations for primary care providers on how to properly identify adolescents with suicidal ideation and behavior.

Aim: The aim of this literature review was to provide an overview of suicidal ideationand suicide attempt among immigrants in Europe. More specifically, the currentliterature review aimed to examine predictors of suicidal ideation and suicide attemptamong immigrants in Europe. Method: PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and PubMed were used to generate existingarticles on the topic of interest. PRISMA flowchart was used to eliminate articles thatdid not meet the inclusion criteria. Results: Seventeen articles met the inclusion criteria. A number of environmental andsocial factors were found to predict suicidal ideation and suicide attempt amongimmigrants in Europe. These predictors included family conflict, health problems,substance abuse, low educational level and being adopted by a host inhabitant family.Socio-economical factor that predicted suicidal ideation and suicide attempt amongimmigrants in Europe was financial disadvantages. Finally, female immigrantsappeared to be a higher risk than male immigrants with regard to suicidal ideation andsuicide attempt. Furthermore, second-generation immigrants appear to be at higherrisk for suicide attempt than first-generation immigrants.Conclusion: There are a number of predictors that appear to predict suicidal ideationand suicide attempt among immigrants in Europe. Nationwide prevention programsfor new female immigrants are recommended.

Bakgrund Psykisk ohälsa är ett ökande problem hos ungdomar. Suicidala tankar är ett försteg till suicid och olika faktorer kan öka risken för suicidala tankar. Världen över är suicid den tredje vanligaste dödsorsaken för ungdomar i åldern 15 – 19 år. Suicid räknas som en vårdskada om hälso- och sjukvården haft möjlighet att hindra individen att begå självmord via adekvata åtgärder. Därför ska hälso- och sjukvården arbeta förebyggande mot suicid. Försök till självmord redovisas i högre grad av ungdomar som är lesbiska, gay eller bisexuella (LGB). Ungdomarna upplevde att sjukvårdspersonal ibland kunde se homosexualitet som något avvikande. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva förekomsten av suicidala tankar utifrån sexuell läggning hos ungdomar. Metod: Studiens design är en litteraturstudie. Totalt tio artiklar kvalitetsgranskades och analyserades. Artiklarnas likheter och skillnader beskrevs. Resultat: Sexuell läggning har en påverkan på suicidala tankar. Ungdomar som definierades som LGB, sexuell minoritet eller haft sexuell kontakt med någon av samma kön rapporterade suicidala tankar i högre grad än heterosexuella ungdomar. Tjejer rapporterade suicidala tankar i högre grad än killar, oberoende av sexuell läggning. Slutsats: Studier visar att det finns ett samband mellan sexuell läggning och suicidala tankar. Suicidala tankar är ett allvarligt problem som inte kan förbises, och därmed inte sambandet mellan sexuell läggning och suicidala tankar. Vidare forskning behövs både inom Sverige och internationellt. / Background: Mental illness is an increasing problem among adolescents. Suicidal ideation is an early stage of suicide and different risk factors can increase the risk of suicidal ideations. All over the world suicide is the third most common cause of death among adolescents aged 15 – 19 years. Suicide is a care-damage if the health service had the possibility to prevent a person to commit suicide with adequate interventions. Therefore, the health service is required to work preventive towards suicide. Suicide attempts is reported in higher rate among adolescents who are lesbian, gay or bisexual (LGB). Some patients perceived that health personnel sometimes saw homosexuality as something abnormal. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe the presence of suicidal ideations based on sexual orientation among adolescents. Method: The literature study includes ten articles. The quality of the articles was analyzed. Then the articles similarities and differences were described.    Results: Sexual orientation has an impact on suicidal ideations. Adolescents who were defined as LGB, sexual minority or had sexual contact with a person of the same gender reported suicidal ideation in a higher rate than heterosexual adolescents. Girls reported suicidal ideations in a higher rate than boys, regardless of sexual orientation. Conclusion: Studies shows that there is a correlation between sexual orientation and suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation is a severe problem that can’t be disregard, and neither the correlation between sexual orientation and suicidal ideation. Therefore, research need to be done, both in Sweden and worldwide.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Thesis (PhD (Technology Management))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Graduate School of Technology Management (GSTM) / unrestricted

Background and Objective: Suicide is a leading cause of death and a critical public health problem among adolescents worldwide. However, adolescent suicidal behaviour is a neglected public health issue, especially in low- and middle-income countries, such as Bangladesh. There is evidence from developed countries showing that suicidal ideation (SI) among adolescents is related to social indicators as well as individual risk factors. Scarce evidence from studies inlow- and middle-income countries suggests that social factors may influence adolescent SI. In Bangladesh, only a few studies have focused on the social determinants of suicide, and the present study is the first to examine the prevalence and social determinants of suicidal ideation among adolescents in rural Bangladesh. Therefore, the present thesis assessed the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) on adolescent SI. Methods: The present thesis is based on two studies, which used data from a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2013 among 2,476 adolescents aged 14-19 years selected randomly in arural community in Bangladesh. An adapted version of the WHO/SUPRE-MISS questionnaire was used to collect data in the Raiganj sub-district, an area surveyed within the Injury Prevention Program of the Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, Bangladesh (CIPRB). Study I estimated the prevalence of suicidal ideation among adolescents and investigated what factors were associated with suicidal ideation. Study II examined the relationship between parental socio-economic factors and suicidal thoughts among adolescents. Results: Study I showed that life time prevalence of suicidal ideation was 5% among adolescents. The majority of adolescents with suicidal ideation were female (67, 5.3%), unmarried (106, 5.5%) and students (86, 6.2%). Suicidal ideation was significantly associated with age, education, occupation and living with parents or others. Respondents aged 18-19 years, had a Secondary school certificate (SSC) and Higher Secondary school certificate (HSC) or higher, were day labourers, living without parent had odds ratios of 2.31 (CI 1.46-3.65), 2.38(CI 1.51-3.77), 4.15 (CI 2.41-7.14), .28 (CI 0.13-0.60) and 1.80 (CI 1.07-3.03), respectively. In study 2, results demonstrated that suicidal ideation was more common among adolescents with parents from the low-income group (5.5%). In addition, adolescent SI was found to be significantly associated with parental education, marital status and house ownership. Adolescents whose parents received an SSC or higher had an SI odds ratio of 2.10 (CI 1.21-3.64) and 1.92 (CI 1.15-3.23) for mothers and fathers respectively. Suicidal ideation among adolescents with single parents was higher with an odds ratio of 3.00 (CI 1.75-5.19) in comparison to adolescents who had both parents. Adolescents whose parents owned a house had an odds ratio of 0.14 (0.05, 0.35). Conclusion: The thesis found that the prevalence of lifetime suicidal ideation among adolescents is moderately high in a rural community of Bangladesh. Furthermore, it was observed that personal characteristics such as parental marital status, education and homeownership were statistically significantly associated with suicidal ideation among adolescentseven after adjusting for potential confounders.

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Creativity is a complex construct that is conceptualized and measured in multiple ways. This study examined the relationship between creativity and personality taking this into account. It was hypothesized that applying different conceptions and measures would cause variation in the creativity-personality relationship. The participants (N = 224) were undergraduate students completed six creativity measures, a personality inventory, and a demographic questionnaire. Personality predicted more creative production (R2 = .277) than creative potential (R2 = .176) and more self-reported creativity (R2 = .348) than that which was externally-rated (R2 = .149). Personality predicted creativity beyond demographic and intellect variables, but the effects varied based on the creativity measure. Openness was most consistently and strongly related to creativity. Other personality factors demonstrated suppression effects in multiple models. Overall, the results suggest that despite relatively small effects of personality on creativity, it can help strengthen prediction in creativity models. Implications for educational settings and future research are discussed.

The initial phases of the design process -- including interactions with stakeholders, ideation of concept candidates, and the selection of the best candidates --- have a large impact on the success of a project as a whole. Much of the value generated during these phases comes from the designers' exploration of the design space as they create concepts for the final solution. Unfortunately, an entire dimension of the design space is often ignored during the initial phases of the design process -- the tactics dimension. Engineers tend to emphasize the design of technology in their work, while paying less attention to how that technology is used. By adding tactics to technology as two dimensions of the design space and creating the Tech/Tac plot as a means for visualizing those dimensions, the designer's ability to visualize, understand, and explore an expanded design space is improved. In this paper, we introduce a deliberate design-space structure that can help teams generate and evaluate integrated Tech/Tac concepts. The structure improves concept exploration during the early phases of the design process by harnessing the information provided by a two-dimensional, structured design space. This design space is represented here as a vector space with a basis of technology and tactics. Also presented are definitions and principles that facilitate the use of the technology-tactics framework to represent the design space in various useful ways. Six tests were carried out during this research to develop and evaluate the structure. The final instantiation of the concepts presented in this paper has been shown to be meaningful to design teams during ideation.

Bakgrund: Antalet fastställda suicid i Sverige år 2019 var 1269. Omvårdnaden av suicidala patienter ställer höga krav på sjuksköterskor när det kommer till kompetens, engagemang och empatisk förmåga. Grundutbildade sjuksköterskor kan komma att möta patienter med eller suicidtankar i olika instanser, även utanför psykiatrin. Den omvårdnad som sjuksköterskan ger dessa patienter består till stor del av professionella samtal och kräver att sjuksköterskan besitter förmåga att identifiera och hantera de känslor som kan uppstå hos denne i vården av den suicidala patienten. Syfte: Studien ämnar kartlägga vilka känslor som uppkommer hos sjuksköterskor då de vårdar suicidbenägna patienter. Metod: Databaserna CINAHL och PsycInfo användes för litteratursökningar. Latent innehållsanalys användes som analysverktyg. Resultat: Sex kategorier av närliggande känslor identifierades: Osäkerhet, otrygghet och känslan av att vara oförberedd, Ansvar och skuld, Ilska, frustration och aversion, Maktlöshet, hopplöshet, meningslöshet och hjälplöshet, Ångest, oro och rädsla, Medkänsla, intimitet och trygghet. Konklusion: Studien visar att sjuksköterskorna upplevde vården av suicidbenägna patienter som emotionellt påfrestande, vilket väckte många olika känslor. Känslospektrat innehöll inte enbart påfrestande känslor, utan också känslor som var gynnsamma för omvårdnadsarbetet. I flera fall efterfrågades möjlighet till reflektion och ventilering, något som kan understryka vikten av att införa verktyg som omvårdnadshandledning på fler arbetsplatser. / Background: The official number of suicides committed in Sweden were 1269 in 2019. Caring for suicidal patients put high demands on the nurses’ competence, dedication and empathic ability. Nurses who are not specialized in the field of psychiatry can still come across and care for these patients in other, more generalized wards. The care provided by the nurse consists to a great extent of professional conversations which demands the ability to identify, and deal with, the feelings which can arise in the care for the suicidal patient. Aim: The aim of the review is to map which emotions nurses’ feel when caring for suicidal patients.Method: The databases CINAHL and PsycInfo were used in the search for articles. Latent content analysis was used as a tool for the analysis. Findings: Six categories were identified: Insecurity, feeling unsafe, and feeling unprepared, Responsibility and guilt, Anger, frustration and aversion, Powerlessness, hopelessness, meaninglessness and helplessness, Anxiety, worry and fear, Empathy, intimacy and security. Conclusion: The study shows that the nurses experienced the care of suicidal patients as emotionally challenging, which awoke various feelings. The spectra of feelings did however not only contain strenuous emotions, but also feelings which were benefiting to the care. The nurses expressed a need to reflect and ventilate in multiple studies, which may underline the importance of implementing tools like clinical nursing supervision in more workplaces.

Depression and suicide are significant public health concerns for college-age young adults. Meaning-based characteristics, such as forgiveness, a voluntary coping process involving offering, feeling, or seeking a change from negative to positive cognitions, behaviors, and affect toward a transgressor, may buffer such poor mental health outcomes. Utilizing mediation analyses, we examined cross-sectional associations between forgiveness, depression, and suicidal behavior in a diverse student sample reporting mild to severe depressive symptoms. The effect of self-forgiveness on suicidal behavior was fully mediated by depression; self-forgiveness was associated with depression and, in turn, with suicidal behavior. Forgiveness of others was directly associated with suicidal behavior. Prospective research is needed, yet self and other-forgiveness may be appropriate targets for promotion in suicide prevention efforts.