The objective of this study was to determine whether formal, primary education could increase the level of ethnicity in children. One hundred Jewish children completing grade 6, and their parents, were measured on a series of instruments designed to evaluate their level of ethnic identity. Half the children had received their full education in private, parochial schools, while the other half had attended public, secular schools. The two samples were further sub-divided so that each sample consisted of 25 children of Ashkenazi descent and 25 of Sephardi descent. The data were subjected to a multivariate analysis of covariance wherein the variance attributable to the parents was partialled out. The results indicated that formal, parochial education does not effect an increase in the level of ethnicity, and that parental and community factors are the primary determinants of a child's ethnic identity. The results also demonstrate that the Sephardi children, despite their affinity to the Jewish people, have a less positive image of the Jewish community when compared to the Ashkenazi majority. The Conflict Theory model, which views the school as a mirror of the forces in society at large, was seen as the best explanation of the data.

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民進黨的執政並未改減緩台商西進大陸的現象，如今政黨再次輪替，兩岸關係更是日益密切，但台灣與大陸畢竟因為長期的政治對立造成社會隔閡，彼此之間在許多層面都存在著差異。當越來越多台灣人前進大陸的同時，台灣人在當地社會融入不及經濟融入的現象也屢見不鮮，其中又以台商「抱團群聚」為具體行為。面對這樣一群存有差異，甚至曾經敵對的一群人，既像自己人又像是外人，在當地獲取經濟利益時，卻刻意與當地社會保持距離的情形，一般大陸人會有怎樣的感受？ 「社會認同理論」主張，族群的產生，會因為自尊的需求，不斷進行族群間的比較，當低群體成員無法像高群體進行身分移動時，會轉向自身的群體尋求提高自尊，於是族群間的偏見、對立，乃至衝突是不可避免的。「群際接觸假說」認為，族群間的偏見是因為對彼此的不熟悉，或因為資訊不足、或因為負面的訊息，透過正向條件下的接觸是可以消除彼此雙方的偏見，族群間的對立和衝突是可以避免的。 認同研究認為，人的認同會因為時間和地點的不同而改變，所以「上海」反而成為此次研究的關鍵因素，在上海的外來大陸人認為台灣人就以在上海來說，相對上海人而言反而比較像是「我群」的成員，所以對台灣人在上海抱團群聚的行為並不感到反感，甚至本身也是這種行為的成員之一。對上海人而言，台灣人抱團群聚的現象根本就是見怪不怪，由於上海特殊的移民文化，使得上海人的認同反而多元共存，甚至認為台灣人在某些層面比起其他大陸人更接近上海人的「我群」成員，特殊的移民多元文化創造上海不斷的進步、繁榮，而後者又不斷吸引新的移民進入。 不同群際接觸假說，上海獨特的移民歷史，改變了前者對「接觸」的定義，在多元文化的社會中，人們對其他族群和文化的包容力會變大，不一定要經過實質的接觸，或是正面的訊息傳遞。不以「同化」為目的，而是一種包容「差異」的能力，而上海本身便是把多元文化形成可能的一個場域，這或許就是上海獨特其它中國城市的原因，也是她迷人的所在。 / Under the increasingly frequent exchanges between Taiwan and China, Taiwanese people tend to congregate and inhabit certain regions of Shanghai. In face of immigrants who look both familiar and alien, how will most Mainlanders react, especially when social inclusion lags behind economic inclusion of these people? The contact theory proposes that positive contacts or reception of positive messages between ethnic groups can help iron out mutual biases. However, this study discovers the unique history of Shanghai about immigrants in foreign concessions and thus further extends this theory. A multi-cultural environment may affect one ethnic group’s tolerance of another group even without positive contacts or reception of positive messages between them. This is not any kind of assimilation but a phenomenon of people’s tolerance of minor differences. In addition to positive contacts and reception of positive messages, mutual tolerance among different ethnic groups may also be affected by the culture of the “field” they reside in.

This thesis is a queer theory analysis of the feminist science fiction novel The Kanshou by Sally Miller Gearhart. After exploring both male and female authored science fiction in the literature review, two themes were to be dominant. The goal of this thesis is to answer the questions, can the traditional themes that are prevalent in male authored science fiction and feminist science fiction in representing gender and sexual orientation dichotomies be found in The Kanshou? And does Gearhart challenge these dichotomies by destabilizing them? The analysis found determined that Gearhart's The Kanshou does challenge traditional sociological norms of binary gender identities and sexual orientation the majority of the time.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This study is a hermeneutic phenomenology of transgenderism as it is valued and appreciated by adults who self-identify along the transgender spectrum. As a population-at-risk due to a social environment reliant on a dualistic notion of gender, transgender people are of particular concern to social workers, who are charged with identifying and building on client strengths. Yet the preponderance of the academic literature has reinforced a negative, problematic, or even pathological view of transgenderism. The literature also has tended to focus narrowly on transsexualism, leaving a gap in our knowledge of other forms of transgenderism. The present study—grounded primarily in the philosophy and methodology of Heideggerian phenomenology, but also drawing on Gadamerian hermeneutics—sought to understand the lived experience of transgenderism as it is appreciated by a range of transgender adults. A purposive sample of fifteen self-identified transgender adults who reported appreciating being transgender was recruited using snowball sampling across three Midwestern states. Each participated in an individual, open-ended interview designed to tap their lived experience with transgenderism as a valued aspect of life. Transcribed interview data were analyzed using Heideggerian hermeneutic phenomenological processes as suggested by various researchers in nursing, social work, and other disciplines. The results of this study suggest that intimate connections (with one’s self, with others, and with a larger purpose) constitute the essence of the lived experience of appreciating one’s transgenderism. These findings help prepare social workers to recognize the strengths of the transgender population and to engage in culturally competent practice. In addition, this research offers new knowledge for improving social work curricular content on transgenderism and for justifying trans-inclusive social policies. The study also contributes to the overall research literature on transgenderism and qualitative methods.

Etude des relations entre représentations sociales et identités sociales dans le domaine des appartenances géopolitiques (régions, nations, Europe). L'introduction explore les liens conceptuels entre la théorie des Représentations Sociales (Moscovici, 1961) et les théories de l'Identité Sociale (Tajfel & Turner, 1986) et de l'Auto-catégorisation (Turner et al. 1987). Ces liens sont ensuite étudiés au travers de trois séries d'études empiriques. La première porte sur les effets du contexte de comparaison intergroupes sur les auto-stéréotypes des Belges francophones et néerlandophones. La seconde est consacrée à l'étude des relations entre identités nationale et européenne et les représentations sociales du processus d'intégration européenne. Enfin, la troisième étude empirique concerne les relations entre représentations sociales et processus identitaires en période de crise à travers une étude des explications profanes de l'affaire Dutroux (kidnapping et meurtre d'enfants)./Doctoral thesis on the relation between social representations and social identities in the framework of geopolitical memberships (regions, nations, Europe). The introduction explores the conceptual links between Social Representations Theory (Moscovici, 1961), and Social Identity (Tajfel & Turner, 1986) and Self-categorisation (Turner et al. 1987) theories. These links are then studied from different perspectives through three series of empirical studies. The first series addresses the effects of the context of inter-group comparison on self-stereotypes held by French-speaking and Dutch-speaking Belgians. The second is devoted to the study of the relations between national and European identities and social representations of the European integration process. Finally, a third empirical study examines the relations between social representations and identity processes in a period of crisis through a study of naïve explanations of the Dutroux affair (kidnapping and murder of children). / Doctorat en sciences psychologiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Opposing the culture of différance created through American cultural media, this thesis argues, Arab hip-hop artists revive the politically conscious sub-genre of hip-hop with the purpose of normalising their Arab existence. Appropriating hip-hop for a cultural protest, Arab artists create for themselves a sub-genre of conscious hip-hop – Arab-conscious hip-hop and function as Gramsci’s organic intellectuals, involved in better representation of Arabs in the mainstream. Critiquing power dynamics, Arab hip-hop artists are counter-hegemonic in challenging popular identity constructions of Arabs and revealing to audiences biases in media production and opportunities for progress towards social justice. Their identity (re)constructions maintain difference while avoiding Otherness. The intersection of Arab-consciousness through hip-hop and politics of identity necessitates a needed cultural protest, which in the case of Arabs has been severely limited. This thesis progresses by reviewing literature on politics of identity, Arabs in American cultural media, Gramsci’s organic intellectuals and conscious hip-hop. Employing criticism, this thesis presents an argument for Arab hip-hop group, The Arab Summit, as organic intellectuals involved in mainstream representation of the Arab community.