Le répertoire original pour harpe est relativement restreint. Deux voies permettent de concourir à son accroissement : la création contemporaine d’une part, et la transcription d’autre part. La présente étude interroge le rapport entre les habitus anciens et une pratique actuelle de transcription, depuis le répertoire de clavecin français du XVIIIe siècle vers la harpe. La transcription est ici considérée comme une pratique non notée qui relève de l’interprétation, et qui partage avec celle-ci, comme avec la traduction, des problématiques fondamentales en apparence antinomiques : esprit et lettre, idiomatisme et fidélité. Elle confronte l’interprète à ses propres limites ainsi qu’à celles de son instrument, et favorise la rencontre avec l’altérité d’une écriture dépourvue de gestes familiers. La transcription constitue l’un des moyens privilégiés de compréhension du répertoire transcrit, de l’instrument de destination, et du rapport de l’interprète à son instrument. La transcription du répertoire de clavecin français pour harpe sera envisagée tout d’abord sous un angle historique, puis à travers les interrogations de nature esthétique que suscite l’antagonisme entre idiomatisme et fidélité, enfin la question des limites et impossibilités sera interrogée selon une approche technique et pratique. / The original harp repertoire is rather limited. It seems there are two efficient ways to help its increase : contemporary creation on the one hand, and transcription on the other. This study questions the relation between early music and a current way of transcribing for harp the eighteenth century french harpischord repertoire. Transcription is here considered as an unwritten practice that comes close to interpretation, and like interpretation and translation, it faces fundamental issues which seem paradoxical : spirit and letter, idiomatism and fidelity. Transcription forces the performer to face his own limits as well as his intrument’s, and it favours the encounter with the otherness of a writing that is free of any familiar gesture. Transcription is one of the best ways to comprehend the transcribed repertoire, the instrument the piece is being transcribed for, and the relationship the performer has with his instrument. The transcription for harp of the eighteenth century french harpischord repertoire will be examined first under a historic angle, then, with esthetic concerns raised by the paradox between idiomatism and fidelity, and finally, the issue of the limits and impossibilities will be studied from a technical and practical approach.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-03-20T15:54:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciano Ferreira Pontes - 2012.pdf: 6291782 bytes, checksum: 93a98d2b58f22614466cf846e03bafc2 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-03-23T10:24:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciano Ferreira Pontes - 2012.pdf: 6291782 bytes, checksum: 93a98d2b58f22614466cf846e03bafc2 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-23T10:24:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Luciano Ferreira Pontes - 2012.pdf: 6291782 bytes, checksum: 93a98d2b58f22614466cf846e03bafc2 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research discuss about idiomatic aspects on Brazilian pieces for the violin written about the end of the XIX century and the beginning of the XX century, which entails pieces written since Leopoldo Miguez (1889) until Estércio Marquez (2000). Through it we tried both to observe and describe the presence of the violin in the panorama of the Brazilian music under the perspective of the circularity, appraising critically the hybrid cultural process that permeates the musical production in Brazil. For this study some facts were considered such as social, cultural and aesthetics related to the selected works. Based on the observation, comparisons and musical analysis focused on the diversity of the aspects of the instrument it was possible to recognize and describe some tendencies important to the compositional handwriting for the violin in Brazil. The bibliography review contextualizes the violin in the Brazilian musical panorama of the colonial period until the beginning of the XXI century. The second part reveals a data collection about the presence of the violin in Brazil, with focus on the romantic period, the nationalism and pos-nationalism until the uncommon sonorities detected after 1960. The third part contains examples of countless characteristics written or not by European composers, revealing the writings representative of the violin since the romantic period in Brazil nowadays. The conclusion points to the presence of the violin permeating the panorama of the Brazilian music with notable European influence in the compositional treatment, especially through the particularities of the French-Belgium School. A great numbers of works were verified, not only in quantity, but also in diversity, composed during the XX century, and despite the nationalistic production also have had presented idiomatic aspects originated from the European, they were identified as having some new bow-strikes considered typically from Brazil, which produces a sound in a different manner in relation to the traditional ones. / Esta pesquisa discute aspectos idiomáticos em peças brasileiras para violino escritas entre o final do século XIX e início do XXI, abrangendo obras compostas desde Leopoldo Miguez (1889) até Estércio Marquez (2000). Procurou-se observar e descrever a presença do violino no panorama da música brasileira sob a luz da circularidade, apreciando o processo híbrido cultural que entremeia a produção musical do Brasil. Para este estudo foram considerados fatores históricos, sociais, culturais e estéticos relacionados às obras contrastantes selecionadas. A partir de observações, comparações e análise musical voltadas para diversos aspectos do instrumento, foi possível identificar e descrever algumas tendências importantes na escrita composicional para violino no Brasil. A revisão bibliográfica contextualiza o violino no panorama musical brasileiro do período colonial até o início do século XXI. A segunda seção revela um levantamento de dados sobre a presença do violino no Brasil, com foco nos momentos romântico, nacionalista e pós-nacionalista até as sonoridades inabituais detectadas após 1960. O terceiro capítulo contém exemplos de inúmeras características, oriundas ou não de compositores europeus, norteadoras da escrita de peças representativas compostas para o violino do romantismo brasileiro aos dias atuais. A conclusão aponta para a presença do violino permeando o panorama da música brasileira, com notável influência européia quanto ao tratamento composicional, principalmente através de particularidades da escola franco-belga. Verificou-se uma grande produção de obras, tanto em quantidade como em diversidade, compostas durante o século XX e, apesar da produção nacionalista também apresentar aspectos idiomáticos provenientes da Europa, foram identificados alguns novos golpes de arco considerados tipicamente brasileiros, que soam de maneira diferente em relação aos tradicionais.

The general field of interest for this study is the Swedish public’s level of awareness of non-literal and figurative language, such as idioms and metaphors, in English. The English language can be considered to be evolving into Sweden’s second language, since it is present in so much more than school, for example, on television, computers and radio. This study aims to gain an insight into the degree of understanding of common idiomatic expressions in popular English song lyrics by native Swedish speakers. University students were chosen as the sample group and twelve of them were asked to explain their understanding of selected English idioms which occur in songs with which they were likely to recognize. The results have then been analyzed and it was possible to establish the degrees of understanding, misunderstanding and failure to understand. Firstly, the participants have explained the expression out of context, and secondly they were asked to explain it in the context of the song. This was to see whether the expressions appear to have been easier to understand out of context or in context. Earlier research show difficulties in defining the term idiom, and in this survey the term idiomatic expression has been used and defined as a way of speaking or writing that does not make any literal sense, even though the expressions are used all the time and people familiar with the language generally recognize them and understand their meaning. Earlier research has facilitated the analysis by the use of terms, theories and definitions on various ways of understanding metaphors, metonymy and idioms, and how these might, or might not, differ between Swedish and English. The results of this survey show that most of the expressions appear to have been easier to explain and understand when seen and heard in the context of the song. Although, some expressions appear to have been very alien to the participants, which has resulted in misunderstandings and failure to understand both in and out of context of the song lyrics in question.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how idioms help the building of opposing characters in a literary work and also what similarities and differences there are in the usage of idioms between the characters. The material, i.e. the idioms, in this study was manually collected from Othello written by William Shakespeare. The material was analyzed and categorized according to a list of idiomatic properties. The material was also analyzed according to the tone of the idioms. The results showed that there was not any prominent difference in usage of idioms between the two characters; neither in general nor in the tone of the idiom. The results suggested, however, that the idioms were used in a negative sense, regardless of character.

La présente étude, faisant objet d’une thèse de doctorat, a trait à l’étude des expressions idiomatiques en lien avec la représentation spatiale en italien. Ce travail a pour objectif d’étudier et d’analyser ces expressions idiomatiques dans la langue italienne, en nous intéressant aux implications que cela peut avoir sur la représentation de l’espace en italien. L’étude que nous nous proposons de mener a pour objet la compréhension de ces structures figées en italien et de leurs équivalents en français. L’analyse des effets des expressions idiomatiques dans le discours du langage quotidien, rendue possible par l’élaboration d’un corpus de 25 romans graphiques, a été l’occasion de mieux comprendre la productivité de ces locutions figées. / This study as a doctoral thesis, deals with the analysis of the idiomatic expressions and spatial reference in the Italian and French languages. This research was aimed at describing the meanings of an idiom's element that plays important role in idiom interpretation and use, by raising the question of various non-literal forms evolves with a particular context as graphic novels. This work focuses on a systemic analysis of idiom types, the evidence relating to one major classes of idiom comprehension models: non-composition models, which assume the compositional meanings of phrases and sentences are routinely generated and used in the development of 25 graphic novels; the items are considered as one opportunity to better understand the structure of the idiom.

This essay presents a study of retention of idioms delving into a pedagogical approach by presenting them to a group of lower secondary students. The study also explores students’ memory retention whilst concurrently investigating if certain types of idioms are retained to a greater extent than others. For the sake of assessing memory retention in relation to these various types of idiomatic transparency, the selected idioms have been divided into three separate categories; transparent, semi-transparent and opaque depending on their literal and figurative meaning. This essay argues that opaque idioms are retained to a lesser extent in memory due to their non-transparent metaphorical meaning. In fact, the most striking finding is that idioms pertaining to the opaque category are indeed more difficult for students to learn and are also forgotten the fastest. Previous research has put emphasis on the complex structure of idioms and opinions seem divided regarding to what extent the teaching of idioms should be implemented together with other vocabulary items in a classroom setting. On the other hand, the same research emphasizes the great value of idioms; potentially expanding student vocabulary and making the English language more nuanced and native-like.

Las expresiones idiomáticas (EI) son frases establecidas con sentido figurativo que conllevan una alta carga cultural, y, su comprensión y conocimiento permiten alcanzar un dominio más profundo del idioma. En este sentido, se espera que un traductor - intérprete alcance dicho dominio para así, enfrentar un texto o situación comunicativa, sin incurrir en errores de sentido. Frente a esto, se tomó como caso de análisis el curso de inglés TI5 para el diseño de un proyecto de investigación-acción que buscó desarrollar el manejo de EI a través del uso de series televisivas americanas. Dicha investigación permitió estudiar la realidad educativa y caracterizar las incidencias que se daban en el aula durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de EI y, sobre todo, comprobar la efectividad de los recursos idiomáticos que sitúan al estudiante en un contexto real de la lengua. Este estudio busca tener un impacto positivo en el ámbito de enseñanza-aprendizaje dentro de la formación de traductores-intérpretes, de modo tal que, se considere el uso de material auténtico, como las series televisivas americanas, para lograr que el futuro profesional desarrolle el dominio de sus lenguas de trabajo a un nivel nativo, en la medida que comprenda los matices que suponen una lengua y su cultura. Sección obligatoria en la que el autor o los autores exponen en breves líneas lo esencial del trabajo. / Idiomatic expressions or idioms are fixed expressions with a figurative interpretation that carry a high cultural meaning; these phrases allow a deeper understanding of the language. In this light, a translator-interpreter is expected to reach that cultural level of understanding in order to face a text or interpretation, without making errors of meaning. To address this, the course of English TI5 was chosen for a case analysis, in order to apply an action research study whose purpose was to implement the use of idioms through American TV series. This research allowed to analyze the educational reality and characterize the occurrences that take place during the learning process of idioms in the classroom and, most of all, to verify the effectiveness of these cultural resources when placing a student in a real context of the language. This research seeks to have a positive impact in the teaching-learning process within the formation of translators-interpreters, so the use of authentic material, such as American TV series, will be considered for the mastery of their working languages, to reach a native level where not only the language is fully understood, but its culture as well. / Trabajo de suficiencia profesional

Lexical inferencing is considered a listening strategy that is commonly employed by advanced EFL (English as a Foreign Language) listeners and a factor that contributes to successful listening comprehension. However, investigations of the factors that influence inferencing success in listening as well as how much each factor contributes to success are scant, as more studies have been conducted exploring lexical inferencing in reading. In addition, even though idiomatic expressions such as smell a rat, jump the gun, and go cold turkey are ubiquitous in the English language, especially in oral communication, and they are considered crucial in both first language (L1) and second language (L2) acquisition, little is known about the effectiveness of inferencing strategies where idiomatic expressions are concerned.Three goals motivated the current study. The first goal was to investigate whether inferencing is an effective strategy in the case where the target item is an idiomatic expression. The second goal was to investigate how four person-level factors, familiarity, listening proficiency, listening vocabulary size and working memory, two sentence-level factors, lexical density and sentence length, and two lexical-level factors, L1–L2 congruency and semantic transparency, influence the inferencing success of English idiomatic expressions in listening. The third goal, related to the second goal, was to determine which of the two lexical component factors, L1–L2 congruency and semantic transparency, is more important to inferencing success. A mixed methods design, the explanatory sequential design (Creswell & Plano Clark, 2018), was employed in this study. Quantitative data were collected from 89 EFL Japanese university students using a Listening Vocabulary Levels Test, a Listening Span Test, and an Idiom Inferencing Elicitation Task. The collected data were examined using mixed-effects logistic regression. Twelve participants were invited to participate in follow-up interviews based on their response patterns on the Idiom Inferencing Elicitation Task. The quantitative results indicated that familiarity, listening comprehension skills, working memory, and L1–L2 congruency were significant factors influencing inferencing success and the qualitative results supported these findings. In addition, the qualitative analyses suggested that depth of vocabulary is another potentially important factor. Furthermore, listening comprehension moderated the L1–L2 congruency effect. The finding that semantic transparency is not an influential factor in successful inferencing of unfamiliar idiomatic expressions provides evidence that the semantic transparency of known idiomatic expressions formed after learners acquire the meaning of the expression is a different construct from the perceived semantic transparency of unfamiliar idiomatic expressions. In addition, even though the sentence-level factors were not statistically significant in successful idiom inferencing in this study, further studies are required in order to see if this result holds true when the characteristics of the listening tasks differ from those of the task used in this study. It is hoped that the findings provide insights into how to help Japanese university EFL learners improve their listening skills, especially in tasks that include unfamiliar idiomatic expressions. / Teaching & Learning

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:34:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CD 1 - LPO - Margareth V F Gonzales.pdf: 401896 bytes, checksum: 73d2e6e0c4410be127de91a20ddeecb2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-01-01 / This work has as its main subject the idiomatic expressions. On the evidence of the low number of Brazilian works and researches found in the matter of Phraseology, the restriction of knowledge to academics means, the fact that this phraseological groups don t appear in dictionaries nor in didactic manuals, being relegated to an inferior level in the extent of linguistic studies, we try to verify in this text, that idiomatic expressions are recreated in every new communicative situation, fulfilling the needs of the speaker. Emphasizing the creativity and vitality attributed to this sort of expression. Furthermore, we signalize that these idiotism hold in its within cultural hidden characteristics that connect themselves to its society and its spoken language. Grounding the work in previous works of Lakoff & Johnson (2002) for the metaphorical thought, of Biderman (2001) for the Lexicology, and in the Social Representations theory of Minayo (1995), we have developed a research confirming that cognitive operations are responsible for the appearance of idiomatic expressions in a language, as for its recreation. At the stage of analyzing the corpus, we have elected the book Grande Sertão:Veredas, by Guimarães Rosa, since the author uses this type of expression in a very sui generis way. By the means of comparative analysis, we have verified that the appearance process consists in total or partial substitution of terms, in the addition of suffixes and in grammatical classes changes for the consolidated expression terms. Throughout this analysis, we have ascertained that a recreated expression brings an original meaning, intense and amplified, delegating to Rosa s diction a unique freshness and flushness, that perpetuates it. Hence, we have proposed ourselves to expose that the non-(re)cognizing of idiomatic expressions in linguistic studies applies in not knowing other mental cognitive processes, essential for the understanding of the origin of the language, its functioning and its lexical uses. / Este trabalho tem como tema as expressões idiomáticas. Em razão do baixo número de trabalhos e pesquisas produzidos na área da Fraseologia, no Brasil, conhecimento restrito aos meios acadêmicos, o fato desses grupos fraseológicos não figurarem em dicionários, manuais didáticos e serem relegados a um plano inferior no âmbito dos estudos lingüísticos, procuramos comprovar, neste trabalho, que as expressões idiomáticas são recriadas a cada situação comunicativa, suprindo as necessidades do locutor. Salientamos a criatividade e vigor característicos desse modo de expressão. Apontamos, ainda, que esses idiotismos carregam em seu cerne implícitos culturais que as identificam com seu povo e sua língua. Com base nos trabalhos de Lakoff & Johnson (2002), para pensar metafórico, de Biderman (2001) para a Lexicologia e a teoria das Representações Sociais de Minayo (1995) desenvolvemos a nossa pesquisa que mostra serem as operações cognitivas mentais responsáveis pelo surgimento das expressões idiomáticas na língua e também para a sua recriação. Para análise do corpus, elegemos a obra Grande Sertão:Veredas, de Guimarães Rosa, visto que esse autor faz uso das expressões de um modo sui generis: ele as recria. Por meio de análise comparativa, verificamos que o processo consiste em substituição total ou parcial de termos, acréscimo de sufixos, mudança de classe gramatical dos termos da expressão sedimentada. Com essa análise, verificamos que expressão recriada apresenta um sentido original, intenso e ampliado, conferindo à linguagem de Rosa um frescor e um viço que a perpetua. Desse modo, nos propusemos a apresentar que o não-(re)conhecimento das expressões idiomáticas nos estudos lingüísticos implica desconhecer outros processos cognitivos mentais essenciais ao entendimento da origem da linguagem, seu funcionamento e suas manifestações no léxico.

As expressões idiomáticas (EIs), com suas características peculiares, são utilizadas com certa frequência como recurso para a construção da argumentação irônica em textos opinativos. Este trabalho pretendeu analisar, com base nos estudos discursivos, as consequências de seu emprego. Nosso primeiro passo foi diferenciá-las de outros conceitos como os provérbios, ditos populares, frases feitas. Consideramos três como as principais características identificadoras de uma EI: combinabilidade de no mínimo duas palavras, idiomaticidade e inserção dentro de uma memória da língua e discursiva. Num segundo momento investigamos as características presentes nos textos opinativos de jornais, como a Folha de São Paulo e o Clarín de Buenos Aires, para que se pudesse justificar a presença das EIs. Tal investigação nos levou a associar a sua presença ao surgimento da ironia. Características como a mudança de registro, a necessidade de inscrever-se dentro de uma memória discursiva que possa ser compartilhada entre enunciador e enunciatário são as mais evidentes. As EIs, ao serem incorporadas a um discurso, podem sofrer algumas modificações que as relacionam à enunciação, como por exemplo, inserções de palavras ou substituições de outras. São reformulações que se apresentam a fim de melhor contribuírem para a construção de uma argumentação irônica que exigem do enunciador e enunciatário uma capacidade discursiva essencial para que possam atingir sua plenitude semântica. A observação das EIs, nos levou, também, a questionar o modo peculiar como a sua reformulação se apresenta. Concluímos que elas estão muito além de lugares comuns; podem, com seu jogo entre transparente/idiomático, coloquial/institucional, exercer um papel significativo para que se possa instaurar a ironia, revelando-se como importantes elementos participantes da memória de uma língua. / The Idiomatic Expressions (IE) with their peculiar characteristics, are used quite frequently as a resource for the construction of ironic argumentation in opinionated texts. This research aimed to analyse, based on discursive studies, the consequences of their use. Our first step was to differentiate them from other concepts like proverbs, sayings, ready-made expressions . We considered three of them as the main identifiers of an Idiomatic Expression: combinability of at least two words, idiomaticity and insertion in the memory of the language and in the discursive memory . Our second step was to investigate the characteristics present in opinionated texts in newspapers such as a Folha de São Paulo and a Buenos Aires newspaper, Clarín, so that the presence of IE could be justified. Such investigation led us to associate their presence with the appearance of irony. Characteristics such as the change of register , the necessity of inscribing itself in a discursive memory that could be shared between the enunciator and enunciatee are the most evident. When IE are incorporated into a discourse, they can undergo some modifications that relate them to the enunciation, like for example, the insertion of words or substitution of others. These are reformulations thar arise in order to make a major contribution to the construction of a an ironic argumentation that demand of the enunciator and the enunciatee essencial discursive skills so that they can reach their semantic fullness. The observation of IEs also led us to question the peculiar way how their reformulation arises We conclude they are far beyond common places, they can, with their game between transparent/idiomatic, colloquial/institutional, exert a significant role so that irony can be established, constituing themselves as important integrated elements in the memory of a language.