Granular materials utilised in the construction of highway foundation layers are currently specified on the basis of index tests. As a consequence, the material acceptability criteria, although developed from many years' experience, do not directly measure a fundamental performance parameter. Once the granular materials are placed and compacted they are rarely checked and as such no assurance can be given to their likely engineering performance in situ. An important performance parameter, the stiffness modulus, describes the ability of the constructed layer(s) to spread the construction (and in-service) vehicle contact pressures and reduce the stresses, and hence strains, transmitted to the lower weaker layers. A significant improvement upon current practice would be to include the specification of 'end product' testing and to include the direct measurement in situ of stiffness modulus to assure performance. A prerequisite of this is suitable site equipment to measure such a parameter, and a sound basis upon which to interpret and utilise such data. Tests do exist that measure stiffness modulus in situ, although in general they measure a 'composite' stiffness, i.e. a single transducer infers the surface strain, under controlled loading, for the construction as a whole and the region affecting the measurement is not precisely known. Currently then, no routine portable device exists for the direct stiffness modulus assessment of the near surface or last layer applied. This would not only provide for consistency of construction, but avoid burying poor or weaker layers. This thesis describes the evaluation of a portable impact test device and research into the behaviour of granular soils subject to rapid transient loads. The requirements for the assessment of pavement granular foundation layers are reviewed, followed by a critical appraisal of current devices that measure the stiffness modulus of material in situ. The prototype impact device, known as ODIN, comprising an accelerometer instrumented swinging hammer, is described. A selection of field data, demonstrating the primary soil influencing factors and correlations with other devices, is presented. Controlled laboratory testing is also described, comprising impact testing with free-falling masses in addition to the ODIN device and for tests on foundations instrumented with pressure cells, that further explains the dynamic behaviour of the material under test. Problems with both hardware and software, associated with high-frequency impact testing are highlighted. In particular, the restraint of the impact mass by the swinging arm mechanical component is observed to lead to a proportion of the impact energy being channelled back into the apparatus during a test. The channelled energy is shown to produce resonance of the apparatus, which in turn leads to problems in interpretation of the accelerometer signal. Numerical methods are then explored and it is demonstrated that the predictions approximated well to the free-falling weights experimental data. Discussion of the research findings concludes with a model for soil behaviour under impact testing, requirements for an improved impact device and the further research work required to realise the potential of such equipment.

Abstract 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17HSDs) catalyze the interconversion of high-activity 17β-hydroxysteroids and low-activity 17-ketosteroids. In the present study, the mRNA of the 17HSD type 1 and 2 enzymes, catalyzing opposite reactions of estrogen metabolism, was analyzed in normal and malignant breast and gastrointestinal tract by in situ hybridization. Further, the activities of these enzymes were measured in normal and adenomatous intestinal cell lines. Markers of the main mesenchymal cell types were also used to study the cell-type specific expression of the 17HSD type 2 enzyme in the gastrointestinal tract. The mRNA of the 17HSD types 1 and 2 was expressed in normal breast tissues of premenopausal, but not postmenopausal women. In breast cancer, varied mRNA expressions of the enzymes were seen in both groups of women. Variable mRNA expressions of the reductive 17HSD type 5 enzyme were also seen in breast cancer tissues. Patients with tumors expressing 17HSD type 1 mRNA had significantly shorter overall survival and disease-free interval than those without 17HSD type 1 expression, suggesting that inhibition of the enzyme may be beneficial in the prevention or treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancers. In normal gastric tissues, 17HSD type 2 mRNA was expressed mainly in the surface and foveolar epithelium. Expression was weak or absent in glandular epithelium. Gender did not have any effect on expression, but there was a decrease with increasing age. Chronic gastritis was associated with decreased expression, while upregulation was observed in intestinal metaplasia. In gastric malignancy, downregulation was observed in most specimens. 17HSD type 2 mRNA was expressed mainly in absorptive epithelia cells and the upper parts of crypts in normal intestinal tissues. In the lamina propria, expression was detected in endothelial cells and mononuclear phagocytes. In colon cancer, the enzyme was downregulated in most, but not all cases. 17HSD type 1 and 2 activity measurements in normal and colon cancer cell lines showed a predominant oxidative activity. Northern analysis also revealed the transcript for the 17HSD type 2 enzyme. Female subjects had significantly more colon cancers with high 17HSD type 2 mRNA than males; however, low 17HSD type 2 mRNA expression was associated with survival in females with cancer of the distal colon and rectum. These data indicate the presence of gender- and location-related differences in the pathogenesis of colon cancer and suggest that low 17HSD type 2 mRNA expression is a marker of a favorable prognosis.

L’originalité du manuscrit de thèse est basée sur une preuve de concept selon laquelle il peut être possible de générer IN SITU des matériaux plaquettaires au sein même d’une matrice polymère à renforcer. Cette approche est basée sur une nouvelle voie de préparation de matériaux hybrides à base d’hydroxydes lamellaires. Cette méthode combine une voie de synthèse par polyol et la génération IN SITU de plaquettes inorganiques, en présence d’oligomères BOLA à caractère amphiphile. La voie polyol consiste en l’hydrolyse en milieu alcoolique d’un ou de plusieurs sels acétate métalliques comme précurseur, en vue de former les phases LSH et HDL suivantes, LSH-Zn, LDH-Zn2Al ;-LiAl2. Les BOLA possèdent des segments téléchéliques composés de chaînes hydrophobes terminées par deux groupes anioniques hydrophiles, l’ensemble est neutralisé par un cation ammonium. L'impact de la voie de synthèse IN SITU, les systèmes plaquettaires choisis ainsi que les contre-ions organiques à partir de la morphologie des phases hybrides obtenues, est étudié en comparaison aux mélanges physiques correspondants (EX SITU). Ce manuscrit présente une étude structurale des différents nanocomposites formés ; par le biais d’analyses DRX, complétées par du SAXS (ligne de lumière SWING à Soleil) et de l’imagerie MET. Des bilans matière sur les différentes synthèses IN SITU sont aussi réalisés pour déterminer les rendements de formation et taux de conversion des précurseurs en matériaux lamellaires. Concernant l’approche EX SITU ; les chaines polymère diffusent entre les plaquettes inorganiques, ceci principalement lié à une réaction d’échange entre les anions acétate des phases lamellaires et les fonctions carboxylates des chaines polymère, conservant l’intégrité des feuillets à par un processus topotactique. L’efficacité du processus d’intercalation a été trouvée décroissante suivant LDH-Zn2Al > LDH- LiAl2 >> LSH-Zn. Dans le cas du LSH-Zn, un ensemble stratifié à plusieurs échelles a été observé alliant charpente inorganique initiale intercalé acétate et une partie diffusée du BOLA, conduisant à une structuration dite biphasique. Contre intuitivement, dans le cas des HDL, la voie EX SITU, basée sur la réaction topotactique d'échange, et la voie IN SITU, basée sur la réaction de templating ont donné dans de nombreux cas des résultats similaires en terme d'états de dispersion, et ceci indépendamment du polymère ou du BOLA utilisé ainsi que de la composition des plaquettes. L’observation de plaquettes isolées LSH-Zn, n’a jamais été reportée dans la littérature, ce qui rend alors le processus de synthèse polyol/IN SITU intéressant pour l’obtention d’état de dispersion exfolié pour ce type de particules. La combinaison polyol/IN SITU permet la génération de plaquette LSH ou LDH de taille latérale comprise entre 10 à 200 nm. Cependant, les plaquettes générées se sont révélées poreuses, un inconvénient pour les propriétés de type barrière. Ce résultat ouvre toutefois des perspectives nouvelles en intégrant ces plaquettes 2D poreuses avec des particules de type 1D pour une approche en architecture « tectonique ». / Layered particle based nano-composites have recently been shown to impart stone impact resistance to automotive coatings by making use of polymer intercalated Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) platelets in a variety of different film morphologies. However the LDH particles used were obtained via coprecipitation of the metal salts in the presence of small organic anions in order to render the Layered Hydroxide particles organophilic and to facilitate the intercalation of carboxylate group bearing matrix polymers. Thus anion exchange in the course of colloidal processing and during film formation leads to the release of ionic species which may deteriorate the coatings barrier function. In order to circumvent objectionable counter ions (involved in the synthesis and the coatings formulation), a novel preparation route for layered hydroxide based hybrid phases has been here investigated combining the polyol route with the IN SITU generation of inorganic platelets, in the presence of amphiphilic polymer as well as bola-amphiphiles. The polyol route consists in hydrolysis in an alcoholic medium containing acetate metal cation as precursor(s), to yield LDH (Zn2Al, LiAl2 cation composition) or LSH-Zn (Layered Single Hydroxide). Bola amphiphile descripts as being some hydrophobic polymer segment-telechelic-chains terminated by two anionic hydrophilic end groups, using of volatile ammonium cation as counter ion. The impact of both process conditions as well as the chosen system with regard to the metal hydroxide framework and the organic counter ions on the morphology of the obtained hybrid phases are presented, discussed and compared to corresponding physical mixture. For the EX SITU approach, the diffusion of large cumbersome polymers or amphiphilic bolas between the inorganic platelets was found to be efficient, mostly driven by an anion exchange reaction between interleaved acetate anions and carboxylate functions of the molecular backbones, and keeping intact the inner-sheet integrity through a topotactic process. The efficiency of the intercalation process was found decreasing to range as LDH-Zn2Al > LDH-LiAl2 >> LSH-Zn, more or less regardless of the guest organic species. Aggregation may happen and cannot be discarded especially when using LiAl2 type platelets and non-neutralized bola. In particular with LSH-Zn, a multi stratified assembly has been observed combining acetate pristine structure and partly bola diffused structure, leading to a biphasic structure, aggregated and intercalated. To the best of our knowledge, observation of LSH-Zn single platelets has never been reported, making of the combined process Polyol/IN SITU an interesting new route in reaching exfoliation. Indeed, it yields to the generation of platelets either LSH or LDH of lateral size ranging between 10 up to 200 nm. However, the platelets were found to be porous; it is considered as a drawback for barrier properties. It is our belief that such porosity may open new insights in “tectonic” architecture by intertwining 2D and 1D-type filler. Rather counter intuitively, EX SITU based on topotactic exchange reaction matches the IN SITU templating reaction in many cases as a function of the dispersion state regardless of the polymer or bolas as well as the platelets cation composition.

The system of upper high nickel alloying steel seal ring and lower high nickel alloying steel seal ring, installed in the grooves of turbine, can extend out and fit with the wall of valve cage, resulting in forming a good seal under the pressure. In the project, the failure steel seal ring is considered. This situation had threatened the safety of the whole steam turbine system. The purpose of this study is to identify the failure cause of the steel seal ring used in nuclear steam turbines. New high nickel steel alloy seal ring was compared with the failed seal ring. The dimensions of macroscopic ring with clearly plastic deformation were measured using calipers. Surface morphology of ring was observed by optical microscopy through metallographic analysis. There is a lot of precipitation in the grain boundaries of used seal ring, along with smaller grain size than the new seal ring. To explore the composition of precipitation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were used. The results indicated that the concentration of titanium (Ti) and molybdenum (Mo) was higher in the precipitation of used seal ring. At the same time, the hardness and elastic modulus of used seal ring were reduced, measured by nanoindentation test. In-situ SEM tensile testing were used to record and analyze the generation of crack source and crack development under applied load. The reasons of the seal ring failure can be answered because of these experimental results at both macroscopic and microscopic scales. The main reason of the seal ring failure is a combination of long-term stress and elevated temperature during turbine operation. Complex work environment caused recrystallization and recovery, resulting in grain refinement and secondary phase precipitation. Further embodiment, recrystallization and recovery caused the elastic modulus and hardness of used seal ring decrease. Moreover, a lot of secondary phase precipitates appeared at grain boundaries during use. The appearance of secondary phase precipitates become the weakest part of used seal ring. The applied load lead to seal ring failure from the formation of microvoids to microvoids aggregated becoming microcracks until to the appearance of cracks at macroscopic scale. These changes of microscopic structure ultimately reflected in critical plastic deformation of used seal ring.

Les biofilms représentent une contrainte technologique dans le secteur industriel et sont à l'origine de nombreux cas d'infections chroniques dans le domaine médical. De ce fait, la compréhension des processus biologiques qui s'opèrent au sein de ces communautés microbiennes est un défi permanent. Des méthodes spécifiques, sensibles et diversifiées s'avèrent essentielles pour apporter une connaissance approfondie de l'organisation des biofilms en réponse à des facteurs environnementaux. La matrice extracellulaire qui englobe les microorganismes constitue un réseau complexe, et la description de sa composition et de sa structure constitue un enjeu majeur. Des outils de caractérisation in situ et non-destructifs des Substances ExoPolymériques (SEP) ont pu être proposés lors de ce travail de thèse : des méthodes de quantification ciblant spécifiquement chaque composant majeur de la matrice extracellulaire ont ainsi été développées et validées sur des biofilms modèles. Ces biofilms, choisis pour leur diversité en terme de matrice extracellulaire sont formés par les souches Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, Bacillus licheniformis CIP 110824 et Weissella confusa LBAE-UPS C39-2. Des critères communs ont été retenus pour guider le choix des marqueurs retenus pour développer les dosages : spécificité pour la détection de toutes les formes moléculaires d'une même famille biochimique, sensibilité pour la détection de faibles quantités de polymères dans des biofilms en microplaque, et possibilité d'observation en microscopie basée sur la détection de fluorescence. Une stratégie commune a été adoptée pour la quantification des exoprotéines (ePN), exopolysaccharides (ePS) et fibres amyloïdes (FA) de la matrice et a consisté à : (i) définir une molécule standard pour calibrer le test ; (ii) analyser d'éventuelles interférences en solution ; (iii) valider la faisabilité et la fiabilité du test in situ par la méthode des ajouts dosées réalisée sur chacun des biofilms modèles. Un composé naturel pro-fluorescent, l'épicocconone, a été retenu pour la quantification des exoprotéines. Le test a montré une limite de détection de 0,2 µg par puits, sans aucune interférence significative des autres composants majeurs du biofilms (ePS, ADNe, cellules). D'autre part, les protéines sous forme amyloïdes ont pu être détectées avec la même sensibilité que les non amyloïdes par ce marqueur. Par la suite, les exopolysaccharides ont été dosés en exploitant la réaction de Schiff, et la méthode a permis d'obtenir une limite de détection de 0,3 µg par puits. Les protéines amyloïdes bactériennes (FA) ont également été quantifiées au moyen du marqueur Thioflavine T. La k-caséine a été utilisée comme étalon, après fibrillation de la protéine native in vitro. / Biofilms are detrimental in many industrial and medical areas and understanding of biofilms processes has been a challenge for decades. Specific, sensitive and rapid methods for monitoring biofilm formation are essential for a deep knowledge of biofilm organization and response to environmental factors. In such complex network that constitutes the biofilm matrix, it has become a major issue to succeed in describing its composition and local structure to determine the interactions that govern the biofilm formation. Non-destructive and in situ methods for Exopolymeric Substances (EPS) characterization were proposed along this PhD work. The first aim of the study was to propose some quantitative tools that would specifically target each major compound of the biofilm matrix. Some performance criteria were commonly established to guide the choice of each dye and to validate each step of the analytical development. These requirements can be displayed in terms of biochemical specificity, sensitivity and applicability on fluorescence-based microscopy. A common experimental strategy was carried out to quantify the exoproteins (ePN), exopolysaccharides (ePS) and amyloid fibrils (AF) and aimed at (i) choosing a calibration standard; (ii) analyzing in vitro interferences; (iii) validating the practicability and the reliability of each proposed method for an in situ implementation on biofilms. This last criteria was verified by implementing the Standard Addition Method (SAM). For that purpose, a first method was developed to take advantage of a natural pro-fluorescent dye, called epicocconone, to quantify the ePN of three model bacterial biofilms formed by the strains Bacillus licheniformis CIP 110824, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442 and Weissella confusa LBAE-UPS C39.2. The three bacterial models were chosen because of their contrasted EPS matrix composition. This method showed a detection limit of about 0.2µg per well and no significant interference were revealed. Moreover the epicocconone assay was able to quantify the AF with the same sensitivity as the other proteins. Subsequently, exopolysaccharides from the same strains were assayed by applying the Periodic acid-Schiff reaction in a microplate format. This chemical reaction targets the majority of the hydroxyl groups of carbohydrate and allows to give an exhaustive estimation of the sugar content of the matrix with a detection limit of 0.3µg per well. Bacterial amyloids were also specifically quantified by the using of the benzothiazole dye Thioflavine T (ThT). An amyloidogenic protein, the ?-casein, was used as standard after an in vitro fibrillation of the native form.

Les atmosphères intérieures sont particulièrement riches en Composés Organiques Volatils (COV), avec des concentrations 2 à 10 fois supérieures à celles mesurées à l’extérieur. Bien que cette pollution représente un enjeu sanitaire majeur, la grande diversité des sources de COV impliquées et le manque d’outils pour la mesure in-situ des émissions de matériaux de construction rendent la mise en place de stratégies d’amélioration de la qualité de l’air intérieur difficile. L’objectif principal de cette thèse a été de développer, de qualifier et d'utiliser des préleveurs passifs dans différents types de bâtiments afin de démontrer le potentiel de ces outils peu coûteux pour (i) la mesure in-situ des émissions en COV et (ii) l’évaluation de stratégies de réduction de cette pollution. La première partie de ce travail a permis le développement et la qualification de trois préleveurs passifs pour la mesure des émissions d’aldéhydes (formaldéhyde et acétaldéhyde) et de composés aromatiques (BTEX, styrène et 1,2,4-triméthylbenzène). Les performances analytiques sont apparues suffisantes pour une application in-situ. Dans une seconde partie, le déploiement de ces préleveurs au sein de logements et d'établissements scolaires a permis de montrer le potentiel de ces nouveaux outils, ainsi que leurs limites, pour du diagnostic de sources d’émission en air intérieur. / Indoor atmospheres are rich in volatile organic compounds (VOC), with indoor concentrations 2 to 10 times higher than outdoor concentrations. Even though indoor pollution is a sanitary topical issue, the wide diversity of VOC sources and the lack of tools for the measurement in-situ of the emissions from materials make difficult the application of strategies of VOC concentration reduction.The main objectives of this thesis were to develop, to qualify and to use passive samplers into different type of buildings in order to demonstrate the potential of these cheap tools for (i) the measurement in-situ of VOC emissions and (ii) the evaluation of strategies of VOC concentration reduction. The first part of this work allowed the development and the qualification of three passives samplers for the measurement of the emissions of aldehydes (formaldehyde and acetaldehyde) and aromatic compounds (BTEX, styrene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene). Analytical performances are adequate for a in-situ application. In a second part, the deployment of these samplers in accommodations and schools allowed to show the potential and limits of these tools for emissions sources diagnosis in indoor environments.

La forme des grains est reconnue comme influençant leur comportement hydraulique mais n’est pas utilisée dans les modèles de transport par charriage pour deux raisons: les mécanismes de mise en mouvement des sédiments selon leur forme sont mal connus et la difficulté à définir cette forme selon des paramètres communs. De nombreux instruments ont été déployés in-situ, en amont de cette thèse, au large des côtes de Manche Orientale en Mars 2011. Une analyse détaillée des données collectées est effectuée afin de suivre l’évolution des quantités de matériaux charriées au cours d’un cycle tidal sur les zones ateliers explorées. Ces mesures in-situ sont ensuite confrontées aux formulations existantes selon deux approches : mono-fractionnée, utilisant le diamètre médian du mélange, et multi-fractionnées, impliquant une discrétisation de la courbe granulométrique. La nécessité d’osciller entre ces deux méthodes selon l’étendue granulométrique du site est mise en évidence. Des photographies des grains du disponible sédimentaire puis charriés in-situ mettent en avant un transport préférentiel sur le fond des particules les plus circulaires. Une nouvelle formule est développée prenant en compte l’hétérogénéité en taille et en circularité des sédiments pour l’estimation du transport charrié sous l’action d’un courant seul. La modification proposée améliore significativement les prédictions des modèles, en particulier pour les fractions grossières. Des tests préliminaires en canal à courant sont également effectués pour valider un nouveau montage et protocole expérimental dans le but de confronter les résultats in-situ et expérimentaux. / Particle shape is recognized to influence the hydraulic behavior of grains but is not used in current bedload transport models for two reasons: the mechanisms of initiation of motion of sediments according to their shape are not well understood and the difficulties to define particle shape with common parameters. Several instruments were deployed in-situ, before this study, in the Eastern English Channel in March 2011. A detailed analysis of the data collected is carried out to monitor the quantities of bedload transported materials along a tidal cycle in the three study areas explored. These in-situ measurements are then compared to existing formulations using two approaches: a single fraction approach, using the median diameter of the sediment mixture, and a multiple fraction approach, involving a discretization of the granulometric curve. The need to oscillate between these two methods according to the granulometric extent of the site studied is highlighted. Photographs of grains of the sediment cover and transported in-situ by bed load highlight a preferential transport of the most circular particles of the seabed. A new formula is developed, which takes into account the heterogeneity of particles in size and in circularity, to estimate bedload sediment transport under the action of a single current. The proposed adjustment significantly improves model predictions, especially for coarse fractions of sediments. Preliminary tests in a current channel are also performed to validate a new experimental set-up and protocol in order to compare in-situ and experimental results.

Dans des contextes semi-arides et fortement anthropisés la caractérisation et la quantification des transferts de polluants dans les eaux de surface et vers la mer est importante à appréhender pour aider à une meilleure gestion de la ressource en eau dans un contexte de changements environnementaux. Sur le Nord-africain notamment la difficulté d’obtenir des données en quantité et qualité suffisante est difficile. La présente étude s’intéresse aux mécanismes de transfert des nitrates et des sédiments à l’échelle du bassin versant de la Tafna (7200 km2) et des plus grands fleuves de l'Afrique du Nord par une approche couplant les mesures in situ et le modèle SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). La partie in situ a permis de quantifier la quantité de nitrates apportée par les différents exutoires des sous bassins de la Tafna. Elle a aussi mis en évidence la contribution du bassin versant à l’eutrophisation de la Méditerranée tout en mesurant les quantités de nitrates acheminées vers les eaux marines. Les résultats ont mis en évidence les facteurs qui influent sur les flux et les concentrations en nitrates et notamment l’occupation du sol et les barrages ont une grande influence sur les flux de nitrates dans la Tafna. Les stations d’étude ont été classées selon un gradient d’eutrophisation, les stations amont présentant de fortes concentrations en nitrates, elles s’opposent aux stations avals. Les résultats de simulation sur la période 2003 à 2011 ont montré qu’une grande partie de l'eau de surface de la Tafna provient du ruissellement de surface (59%) et du flux latéral (40%), alors que la contribution des eaux souterraines est insignifiante (1%). La Tafna transfère une quantité annuelle moyenne de 2942 t.an-1 de sédiment vers la mer entre 2003 et 2011. SWAT a montré aussi que les cinq barrages de la Tafna stockent une grande quantité de sédiments, plus de 27 000 t.an-1 (90% des sédiments transportés par la Tafna). Le modèle reproduit aussi le flux de nitrates dans les stations de mesure entre 2003 et 2011. La Tafna transporte une quantité moyenne annuelle de 37 à 86 tN.an-1 jusqu'à la Méditerranée. Sur la base de ces résultats, l’approche de modélisation a pemis d’effectuer un changement d’échelle vers les grands bassins du nord-africain. La simulation a montré que les barrages de la Tafna stockent une quantité importante de nitrates [80 à 486 tN.an- 1], qui représente en moyenne 62% de la quantité totale de nitrates transportée annuellement par le fleuve. L’application du modèle sur les plus grands fleuves d'Afrique du Nord, Moulouya (55 860 km2), Tafna (7 200 km2), Chélif (44 694 km2) Oued el Kbir-Rhumel (8824 km2) et Medjerda (23 213 km2) a permis de représenter les flux d'eau, de sédiments et de nitrate. Les fleuves de cette région transportent une quantité de sédiments de 706 .103tan-1 vers la Mer ou le fleuve Oued Kbir-Rhumel qui contribue à la plus grande quantité (55%).Le flux de nitrates transportés vers la mer est de 5330 tN.an-1, le fleuve Moulouya qui contribue à la plus grande quantité (32%). Les barrages de cette région stockent une grande quantité de sédiments (98%) et de nitrates (39%) transportés par les fleuves vers la Méditerranée.

Orientador: Liliana Aparecida Lucci De Angelo Andrade / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-20T16:42:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marques_Terezinha_M.pdf: 5257490 bytes, checksum: a7ce79d4f8daa915ba77c12058973de4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1995 / Resumo: Metaplasia tubária (MT) é uma lesão de natureza benigna que pode oferecer dificuldade para o diagnóstico diferencial com adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) na endocérvice. Sua correta caracterização e identificação evita condutas terapêuticas inadequadas. Selecionamos IS casos de MT e 16 casos de AIS, morfologicamente característicos com o método hematoxilina-eosina. A seguir, examinamos por meio de reações histoquímicas e imuno-Mstoquímicas, para avaliar seu comportamento e tentar contribuir para o diagnóstico diferencial- Utilizamos colorações para mucinas, Alcian blue (AB), mucicarmim (MC), PAS e PAS com diastase (PASd), além de anticorpos anti-antígeno cárcino-embrionário (CEA) e anri-vimentína (VIM). Os métodos histoquírnicos não demonstraram diferença significativa entre as duas lesões. Apesar do CEA ser mais freqüente nos casos de adenocarcinoma in situ, o papel da vimentina foi decisivo no diagnóstico diferencial, porque resultou positiva em 78% dos casos de metaplasia tubária e negativa em todos os casos de adenocarcinoma in situ / Abstract: Endocervical tubal metaplasia, a benign lesion, is known to be frequently misdiagnosed as adenocarcinoma in situ. Its correct identification is needed in order to avoid inadequate managements. We selected 18 cases of endocervical tubal metaplasia and 16 of adenocarcinoma in situ. Only specimens that had morphologic appearences typical for either tubal metaplasia or adenocarcinoma in situ were chosen. All cases were analysed by hematoxilin-eosin, stains for mucin, Alcian blue pH 2.5, mucicarmine, PAS and PAS diastase, and submitted to immunoperoxidase reaction for carcinoembryonic antigen and vimentin. Statistical analysis demonstrated no signifficant difference in the reactions for mucins between the lesions. Whereas CEA was more frequently positive in AIS than in TM cases, VIM was negative in all cases of AIS and positive in 78% of TM cases and was therefore considered more useful for the differential diagnosis / Mestrado / Mestre em Ciências Médicas

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T23:01:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo4255_1.pdf: 4065278 bytes, checksum: c0dabbd5dc05e703429eae598cc70d8d (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / As displasias da laringe são lesões precursoras do carcinoma escamocelular invasivo e constituem lesões pouco comuns, pois, a maior parte dos casos é diagnosticada como carcinoma invasor. Freqüentemente, utilizam-se os critérios de cérvix uterina para graduação das displasias na prega vocal. Todavia, existem diferenças histopatológicas, patogênicas e epidemiológicas entre as lesões intraepiteliais cervicais e laríngeas. O epitélio de transição na prega vocal pode ocasionar problemas diagnósticos. Os autores procuram caracterizar as displasias acentuadas/carcinoma in situ da prega vocal quanto aos aspectos histopatológicos, morfométricos (área do epitélio e diâmetro dos núcleos) e índice proliferativo (Ki-67), comparando estes dados com os obtidos no epitélio escamoso normal e de transição. Dentre 1400 casos de carcinoma de laringe (1994 a 2006), 5 casos (0,35%) de displasia acentuada/carcinoma in situ foram estudados. O grupo controle constituiu-se de dois indivíduos masculinos, não tabagistas e não etilistas de 52 e 78 anos. Observaram-se nos pacientes com displasia predomínio do sexo masculino, na 6º década e associação com tabagismo e etilismo. Comparando-se o epitélio displásico com o epitélio normal e de transição verificou-se que foi maior a área ocupada pelo primeiro, bem como o diâmetro do núcleo das células displásicas. O diâmetro dos núcleos por camada mostrou diferenças significativas no epitélio escamoso normal, mas não no epitélio displásico e de transição. O índice proliferativo foi maior no epitélio displásico que no escamoso normal e de transição com núcleos corados na camada basal/parabasal no epitélio escamoso normal e de transição e em todos os níveis no epitélio displásico