Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2009. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Freie Universiẗat, Diss., 2005--Berlin. / Dateiformat: zip, Dateien im PDF-Format. Erscheinungsjahr an der Haupttitelstelle: 2005.

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2016-10-05T14:04:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 298819 bytes, checksum: b65668e9242cdad9813138d6fb5444d0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-05T14:04:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 298819 bytes, checksum: b65668e9242cdad9813138d6fb5444d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-10-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / No Brasil, o feijão é considerado um dos cultivos de maior importância na produção de alimentos básicos para a população. Como o país tem grandes áreas que podem ser aproveitadas para o plantio dessa cultura, pesquisas tornam-se necessárias a fim de preservar a qualidade do grão após a colheita. A qualidade do feijão está relacionada com produção por unidade de área, características de aceitabilidade pelo consumidor e valor nutritivo. Dessa forma, a melhoria da qualidade do feijão será obtida pela interação entre melhoramento agronômico, ciência e tecnologia de alimentos e nutrição. Assim, com o objetivo de avaliar a qualidade da proteína dos cultivares Aporé, Aruã, A774, Carioca, Diamante Negro, Ouro Branco, Ouro Negro, Pérola, RAO 33, Rudá e Vermelho Coimbra, armazenados por 30 dias e fornecidos pela EMBRAPA – Arroz e Feijão, localizada em Goiânia, GO, procedeu-se à avaliação biológica em ratos machos recém-desmamados e determinou-se a digestibilidade verdadeira e aparente, Protein Efficciency Ratio (PER), Net Protein Ratio (NPR) e Net Protein Utilization (NPU). Foram também analisados quatro métodos para ensaio de digestibilidade in vitro, utilizando-se um sistema multienzimático com as enzimas tripsina, quimotripsina e pancreatina. A equação de regressão obtida dos valores in vivo e in vitro foi usada para correlacionar os estudos in vitro com os ensaios in vivo e, dessa forma, predizer a digestibilidade. Utilizaram-se as digestibilidades verdadeira e aparente de todos os feijões de todos os grupos e separadamente do grupo Carioca, obtidos recém-colhidos e armazenados durante 30 dias, para estabelecer-se o melhor coeficiente de correlação das metodologias analisadas. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que as digestibilidades verdadeira e aparente variaram de 77,58 e 76,77% para a variedade Pérola a 87,46 e 86,65% para a variedade Ouro Branco, respectivamente, as quais, como todas as outras variedades, diferiram significativamente do padrão (caseína). Na análise de PER, a variedade Ouro Branco foi a que obteve melhor desempenho nutricional, apresentando valores de PER e RPER significativamente maiores (2,40 e 61,24%), enquanto a variedade Vermelho Coimbra foi a que exibiu menor valor (1,67 e 42,60%), diferindo significativamente das outras variedades analisadas e do valor obtido para caseína. Os valores de NPR e RNPR foram significativamente menores que os encontrados na caseína e situaram-se entre 2,54 e 57,33% na variedade Vermelho Coimbra e entre 3,55 e 80,13% na ‘Ouro Branco’. Os resultados de NPU e RNPU ficaram entre 38,36 e 52,47 e 56,64 e 77,69%. Os valores encontrados nas variedades de feijões armazenadas foram, na sua totalidade, superiores aos da literatura, o que demonstra que, apesar do tempo de armazenamento, essas variedades tiveram aproveitamento nutricional melhor que outras. O método de avaliação da digestibilidade in vitro que obteve maior R 2 e coeficiente de correlação com os ensaios in vivo, utilizando a combinação dos valores das digestibilidades aparente e verdadeira de todas as variedades armazenadas de feijões recém-colhidos, foi o desenvolvido neste trabalho, que apresentou valores que variaram de 0,75 a 0,83 para o R 2 e de 0,87 a 0,91 para o coeficiente de correlação. A diferença entre os valores de digestibilidade in vivo e in vitro, calculados a partir desse método, foi menor nos feijões recém-colhidos e variou de –2,95 a +3,98 e de –2,97 a +2,61, com relação às digestibilidades verdadeira e aparente, respectivamente. Nos feijões armazenados, a diferença foi maior, variando de –9,65 a +1,09 para a digestibilidade verdadeira e de –7,75 a +3,12 para a aparente. Para a combinação dos valores de digestibilidades verdadeira e aparente das variedades do grupo Carioca, o melhor método também foi o desenvolvido neste trabalho para os feijões recém-colhidos. Os valores de R 2 e coeficiente de correlação apresentados foram de 0,90 e 0,95, tanto para a digestibilidade verdadeira quanto para a aparente. Nos caso dos feijões armazenados, os melhores foram os métodos descritos por HSU et al. (1977) para a digestibilidade verdadeira e por SATERLEE et al. (1979) para a digestibilidade aparente. Os valores de R 2 e o coeficiente de correlação apresentados foram 0,90 e 0,95 para a digestibilidade verdadeira e 0,83 e 0,91 para a aparente, respectivamente. As diferenças entre os valores de digestibilidade in vivo e in vitro, calculados a partir desses métodos, para o grupo Carioca, também foram menores nos feijões recém-colhidos e variaram de –2,77 a +4,15 e de –2,78 a +1,83 para as digestibilidades verdadeira e aparente, respectivamente. Nos feijões armazenados, a diferença foi maior, variando de – 6,68 a +2,59 para a digestibilidade verdadeira e de –6,30 a +3,10 para a aparente. Esses resultados evidenciam que o tempo de armazenamento interfere de forma negativa, aumentando a diferença entre os valores absolutos de digestibilidade in vivo e in vitro e diminuindo a correlação entre os estudos. / In Brazil, the bean is considered one of the cultivations of larger importance in the production of basic foods for the population. As Brazil has great areas that can be taken advantage of for the planting of that culture, researches become necessary in order to preserve the quality of the grain after the harvest. The quality of the bean is related with production for unit of area; acceptability characteristics for the consumer and nutritional value. In that way, the improvement of the quality of the bean will be obtained by the interaction of the agronomic improvement, science and technology of food and nutrition. This way, with the objective of evaluating the quality of the protein of the cultivate Aporé, Aruã, A774, Carioca, Diamante Negro, Ouro Branco, Ouro Negro, Pérola, RAO 33, Rudá and Vermelho Coimbra, stored by 30 days and supplied by EMBRAPA – Arroz e Feijão, located in Goiânia-GO. They were sent to be biologicaly evaluated in recently-weaned male mice determined was the true and apparent digestibility, Protein Efficciency Ratio (PER), Net Protein Ratio (NPR) and Net Protein Utilization (NPU). Also analyzed were four methods of digestibility in vitro; being used a multienzymatic system with the enzymes trypsin, chymotrypsin and pancreatin. The obtained equation of regression of the values in vivo and in vitro were used to correlate the studies in vitro with the rehearsals in vivo, and in that way predict the digestibility. The true and apparent digestibility of all the beans from the groups but separated from the group Carioca were used. Beans that were recently harvested and stored for 30 days were obtained to establish the best correlation coefficient of the analyzed methodologies. The obtained results showed that the true and apparent digestibility varied from 77.58% and 76.77% to the variety Pérola to 87.46% and 86.65% for the variety Ouro Branco, respectively, that as all the other varieties, it differed significantly of the pattern (casein). In the analysis of PER, the variety Ouro Branco was the one that obtained better nutritional action, presenting values of PER and RPER significantly larger (2.40% and 61.24%), and the variety Vermelho Coimbra was the one that obtained smaller value (1,67 and 42,60%), differing significantly from the other analyzed varieties and from the value obtained for casein. The NPR and the RNPR were significantly smaller than that found for the casein and they located between 2.54% and 57.33% for the variety Vermelho Coimbra to 3,55 and 80,13% for the variety Ouro Branco. The results of NPU and RNPU, ranged between 38.36% to 52.47% and 56.64% to 77.69%. The values found for the varieties of beans stored, were completely superior to those found in the literature, which demonstrates that in spite of the time of storage, those varieties have a nutritional use better than others. The method of evaluation of the digestibility " in vitro " that obtained larger R 2 and correlation coefficient with the trials in vivo, using the combination of the values for the apparent and true digestibility of all the varieties of recently-harvested and stored beans, was the method developed in this work, and it presented values that varied from 0.75 to 0.83 to R 2 and from 0.87 to 0.91 for the correlation coefficient. The difference between the values of digestibility in vivo and the in vitro, calculated for this method, was smaller for the recently-harvested beans, and it varied from –2.95 to +3.98 and from –2.97 to +2.61, for the true and apparent digestibility, respectively. For the stored beans the difference was larger, varying from –9.65 to +1.09 for the true digestibility and from –7.75 to +3.12 for the apparent. For the combination of the values of true and apparent digestibility of the varieties of the group Carioca, the best method was also the one developed in this work for the recently-picked beans. The values of R 2 and correlation coefficient presented, 0.90 and 0.95 were true for both digestibility and the apparent. For the stored beans, the best were the methods described by HSU et al. (1977), for the true digestibility and SATERLEE et al. (1979), for the apparent digestibility. The values of R 2 and correlation coefficient presented were from 0.90 and 0.95 for the true digestibility and 0.83 and 0.91 for the apparent. The differences between the values of digestibility in vivo and in vitro, calculated from those methods, for the group Carioca, were also smaller for the recently-harvested beans, and it varied from –2.77 to +4.15 and from –2.78 to +1.83, for the true and apparent digestibility, respectively. For the stored beans the difference was larger, varying from –6.68 to +2.59 for the true digestibility and from –6.30 to +3.10 for the apparent. These results show that storage interferes in a negative way increasing the difference between the absolute values of digestibility in vivo and in vitro and reduce the correlation among the studies. / Tese importada do Alexandria.

L'exploration des propriétés santé des riz de Camargue intègre des techniques de pharmacologie in vivo et in vitro, des techniques de fractionnement précises du riz complet et un procédé d'extraction chimique permettant un isolement bio-dirigé des composés bio-actifs.Les résultats du projet de recherche sont confidentiels. / The exploration of health properties of Camargue French rice necessited (a) in vivo and in vitro pharmacological methods,(b) an accurate technology of rice fractionation and (c) the capacity to perform and characterize chemically-extracted bioactive compounds.Results of the research project are confidential.

La separación espermática por citometría de flujo de los espermatozoides X e Y, es actualmente el único método eficaz para la obtención de descendencia de sexo deseado. En porcino, la selección del sexo de las camadas incrementaría notablemente los beneficios productivos de las explotaciones productoras de animales de alto valor genético al poder manejar los esquemas de selección, desviándolos hacia un sexo u otro según las necesidades de cada explotación. Recientemente, se han realizado avances importantes en la separación espermática mediante esta técnica en porcino. Sin embargo, es necesario un mayor conocimiento de diferentes aspectos relacionados con la eficiencia del proceso, con el efecto del procedimiento sobre la viabilidad y la capacidad fecundante de estos espermatozoides, así como del posible efecto perjudicial del propio proceso de separación sobre el ADN de los espermatozoides de verraco. Esta tesis recoge resultados derivados de experiencias destinadas a estudiar estos aspectos. / Flow cytometric sorting technology based on differential DNA content between X- and Y- spermatozoa is the only effective procedure for achieving offspring of the desired sex. In swine production the application of this method could improve significantly the productive benefits by planning the insemination to produce a specific sex. A detailed knowledge of aspects related to the efficiency of the sperm sorting technique and to aspects related with effects of sorting procedure on the viability and penetration ability of pig oocytes of flow sorted boar spermatozoa, and of the potential damaging effect of the procedure on sperm DNA is necessary to obtain optimal results. This thesis presents the results of experiences about, the usefulness and efficiency of this technology, followed by the analysis of sorted boar spermatozoa motility, viability, penetration ability. Results of mutagenic effect of Hoechst 33342 staining and sorting on sorted boar spermatozoa are also included.

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-01-29T13:15:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - João Gabriel Moraes Junqueira - 2015.pdf: 5620624 bytes, checksum: b030b0a7744d9893a10756f4cef1821c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-01-29T13:17:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - João Gabriel Moraes Junqueira - 2015.pdf: 5620624 bytes, checksum: b030b0a7744d9893a10756f4cef1821c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-29T13:17:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - João Gabriel Moraes Junqueira - 2015.pdf: 5620624 bytes, checksum: b030b0a7744d9893a10756f4cef1821c (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / CHAPTER 01: CHEMICAL STUDY OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Annona coriacea Mart. AND Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart (Annonaceae) - In this research was performed the study of the chemical profile of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of flowers and leaves of species Annona coriacea and Xylopia aromatica (Annonaceae) by means of extraction in vivo and in vitro, through the techniques headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME), hydrodistillation and characterization by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). By the analysis of the volatile fraction of flowers and leaves of A. coriacea it was observed different VOCs, according to the coatings utilized, since the selection of the fiber becomes one of the main factors for VOCs analysis in different vegetables parts. The chemical profile of the flowers of X. aromatica was obtained through HS-SPME, which compared the efficiency of in vivo and in vitro extractions, due to the higher number of VOCs present in the floral aroma. Once were obtained various chemical data, the multivariate analysis of the data was performed, which provided relevant information, contributing to the optimization of some conditions, such as selection of fiber, extraction time and extraction temperature yielded the characterization of the most number of VOCs. In this context, the conditions that presented the most promising results were: fibers CAR/PDMS and PA, extraction time equal the 60 min and extraction temperature of 29 °C. The essential oil of the flowers of X. aromatica was obtained by hydrodistillation and chemically characterized by GC-MS. The major compound present was the pentadecan-2-one (16.38%). The extraction techniques utilized were helpful, however there was qualitative and quantitative variation of VOCs, which is expected due to the extraction process be different. Thus, it is observed that depending on the objective of the survey or that searches for in the volatile fraction, it is necessary to use the technique to give the most promising results for the investigation held or in order to complement each other. In this way, the study of A. coriacea and X. aromatica contributed to the knowledge of the chemical profile of VOCs present in these species, seen from these investigations that the same can be applied in several industrial areas, for example cosmetic, food, among others. / CAPÍTULO 01: ESTUDO QUÍMICO DOS COMPOSTOS ORGÂNICOS VOLÁTEIS DE Annona coriacea Mart. E Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart (Annonaceae) - Nesta pesquisa realizou-se o estudo do perfil químico dos compostos orgânicos voláteis (COVs) das flores e folhas das espécies Annona coriacea e Xylopia aromatica (Annonaceae), por meio da extração in vivo e in vitro, através das técnicas de headspace-microextração em fase sólida (HS-SPME), hidrodestilação e caracterização via cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas (CG-EM). Pela análise da fração volátil das flores e folhas de A. coriacea observou-se COVs diferentes, de acordo com os revestimentos usados, visto que a seleção da fibra se torna um dos principais fatores para a análise de COVs em partes vegetais diferentes. O perfil químico das flores de X. aromatica foi obtido via HS-SPME, em que se comparou a eficiência das extrações in vivo e in vitro, em função do maior número de COVs presentes no aroma floral. Uma vez que foram obtidos vários dados químicos, foi realizada a análise multivariada dos mesmos, a qual forneceu informações relevantes, contribuindo para a otimização de algumas condições, tais como seleção da fibra, tempo de extração e temperatura de extração que rendessem a caracterização do maior número de COVs. Neste contexto, as condições que apresentaram os resultados mais promissores foram: fibras de CAR/PDMS e PA, tempo de extração igual a 60 min e temperatura de extração de 29 oC. O óleo essencial das flores de X. aromatica foi obtido por hidrodestilação e caracterizado quimicamente por CG-EM. O composto majoritário presente foi a pentadecan-2-ona (16,38%). As técnicas de extração utilizadas foram úteis, entretanto houve variação quali e quantitativa dos COVs, o que é esperado devido ao processo de extração ser diferente. Assim, observou-se que dependendo do objetivo da pesquisa ou do que se procura na fração volátil, faz-se necessária a utilização da técnica que dê os resultados mais promissores para a investigação realizada ou de forma que se complementem. Desta maneira, o estudo de A. coriacea e X. aromatica contribuiu para o conhecimento do perfil químico dos COVs presentes nestas espécies, visto que a partir destas investigações os mesmos podem ser aplicados em várias áreas industriais, por exemplo cosmético, alimentos, dentre outros.

The CsgD protein is the master regulator of a pathway leading to the formation of curli, in essence regulating the switch between a motile and a sessile lifestyle for bacteria. The 5’-UTR region of the csgD mRNA is a hotspot for multiple regulatory small RNAs (sRNA) involved in a complex regulatory network. Even though it is previously known how the interaction takes place it is unknown how sRNA binding affects the translational activity. In order to suggest a mode of regulation a mutational assay was performed by making changes in the csgD 5’-UTR and investigate what the translational effects were. Mutations in different regions are shown to affect the translation levels in various ways.

Licentiatavhandling (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet. / Härtill 3 uppsatser.

L’urbanisation croissante et la propagation des activités humaines entrainent l’augmentation de l’apport de nombreux micropolluants dans le milieu aquatique. Le compartiment aquatique est alors défini comme le réceptacle ultime de la pollution environnementale apportée par diverses sources : les effluents municipaux et industriels, les lixiviats des sites d’élimination des déchets solides, le ruissellement des eaux urbaines et des eaux des sites agricoles. Parmi les contaminants retrouvés dans l’eau, il y a les psychotropes (benzodiazépines, antidépresseurs,antiépileptiques, etc…) qui appartiennent à la grande famille des médicaments. Ce sont des molécules biologiquement actives, ubiquistes, qui sont principalement d’origine urbaine, qui sont apportées continuellement dans l’environnement aquatique et qui sont fortement consommées au niveau mondial. Depuis quelques années, les scientifiques commencent à s’intéresser à cette famille thérapeutique mais il existe encore un réel manque de connaissance sur l’intégralité du problème de diffusion des psychotropes,de leur passage en station d’épuration à leur présence dans l’environnement et enfin à leur impact sur les organismes aquatiques. Ces travaux de thèse cherchent donc à documenter ce point en se focalisant sur l’étude de la présence, du devenir et de l’impact des psychotropes dans la Garonne estuarienne (France) et le fleuve Saint Laurent (Québec, Canada). Dans un premier temps, une méthode analytique multi-résidus permettant l’analyse de 47 psychotropes dans les eaux usées et les eaux de surface a été développée et validée. Des échantillonneurs passifs de type POCIS (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler) ont été calibrés et validés afin de permettre le suivi intégratif et continu des psychotropes dans les eaux de surface.Dans un second temps, les effluents d’entrée et de sortie de station d’épuration des agglomérations de Bordeaux en France et de Repentigny et Montréal au Québec ont été caractérisés. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que les traitements épuratoires de chacune des stations d’épurations étudiées ont une efficacité limitée pour éliminer les psychotropes dans les eaux usées. Par la suite, le suivi effectué dans la Garonne estuarienne et dans le fleuve Saint Laurent a mis en évidence la présence de psychotropes dans l’environnement qui sont majoritairement apportés par l’amont des villes de Bordeaux et Montréal.La comparaison des résultats obtenus pour la France et le Québec montre qu’il existe bien des habitudes de prescriptions et de consommations différentes entre les deux pays. Même si les procédés d’épuration sont différents entre les deux pays (traitement secondaire en France et primaire au Québec),l’efficacité d’élimination sur la famille thérapeutique des psychotropes reste insuffisante. Enfin ila été observé que le débit du milieu récepteur jouait un rôle important dans la dilution et le devenir des composés.Dans un troisième et dernier temps, des études in vitro et in vivo ont montré que certains psychotropes pouvaient avoir un impact toxique sur les bivalves d’eau douce étudiés (Elliptio complanata et Corbiculafluminea) lors d’exposition de composés seuls ou en mélange à des concentrations de l’ordre du mg.L-1 (concentrations expérimentales) et même du ng.L-1 (concentrations environnementales). / Increasing urbanization and human activities cause an increase of micropollutant input in the aquatic environment. The water compartment is then defined as the ultimate receptacle of environmental pollution originating from various sources: municipal and industrial wastewaters, leachates from solidwaste disposal sites, waters of urban and agricultural runoff.Among the contaminants found in the water, there are psychotropic drugs (benzodiazepines, antidepressantsor antiepileptics) belonging to the family of pharmaceuticals. These are biologically active molecules, ubiquitous, which are mainly of urban origin, which are continuously introduced into the aquatic environment and are heavily consumed around the world.In recent years, scientists have begun to show interest for this therapeutic family, but there is still areal lack of knowledge about the full psychotropic diffusion problem; from their presence in wastewater treatment plant to their presence in the environment and finally to their impact on aquatic organisms.In this global perspective these thesis works seek to document the presence, fate and impact of psychotropic drugs in the Garonne estuarine (France) and the St. Lawrence River (Quebec, Canada).Firstly, a multi-residue analytical method for the analysis of 47 psychotropic drugs in wastewater and surface waters has been developed and validated. POCIS passive samplers were calibrated and validated for continuous integrative monitoring of psychotropic drugs in surface waters.Secondly, the treatment plant influents and effluents of Bordeaux in France and Repentigny and Montreal in Quebec have been characterized. The results of this study show that treatment processes ofstudied wastewater treatment plants have limited performances to remove psychotropic drugs in wastewaters. There after, the monitoring performed in the Garonne estuarine and in the St. Lawrence River has highlighted that the presence of psychotropic drug in the environment is mainly related toupstream input of Bordeaux and Montréal.Comparison of the results obtained in the two countries surveyed show that there are many different patterns of prescriptions and consumption between the two countries. Although the treatment processes are different between the two countries (secondary treatment in France and primary in Quebec), their removal efficiency is still insufficient for psychotropic drugs. Finally it was observed that theflow rate of the receiving environment plays an important role in the dilution and the fate of the compounds.In a third and final stage, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that some psychotropic drugs could have a toxic impact on the studied freshwater bivalves (Elliptio complanata and Corbicula fluminea) upon exposure alone or in mixture with concentrations in the order of mg.L-1 (tests concentrations) and even ng.L-1 (environmental concentrations).

1-Hydroxy-4-methyl-6-cyclohexyl-2-pyridon (Ciclopirox) ist außerordentlich gründlich auf genetische Wirksamkeit hin untersucht worden. Im Einzelnen handelt es sich um folgende Untersuchungen: Genmutationen in vitro und in vivo Chromosomenaberrationen in vitro und in vivo Rekombinationen Zelltransformationen