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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
151

A guerra indígena como guerra colonial: as representações e o lugar da belicosidade indígena e da antropofagia no Brasil Colonial (séculos XVI e XVII) / The indigenous war as colonial war: the representations and the place of the indigenous bellicosity and the anthropophagy in colonial Brazil (XVI and XVII centuries)

Fujimoto, Juliana 15 December 2016 (has links)
O presente trabalho constitui uma análise do processo de reorientação das guerras indígenas no Brasil colonial empreendida mediante a investigação da atividade bélica indígena na capitania da Bahia entre a instalação do governo-geral em 1549 e a invasão holandesa na Bahia de 1624. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica dos estudos antropológicos clássicos acerca do complexo bélico tupinambá e posterior cotejamento com as diferentes configurações assumidas pela guerra indígena nas fontes quinhentistas e seiscentistas e na historiografia contemporânea. Estabeleceu-se como objetivos de estudo avaliar as contribuições e limites das análises antropológicas sobre o complexo guerra-sacrifício tupi, a fim de ampliar a compreensão sobre o processo de reorientação da guerra indígena e explicar a participação indígena nas guerras realizadas na Bahia, bem como avaliar em que medida a atuação dos missionários cristãos como mediadores culturais auxilia a compreensão desse processo. No âmbito teórico, focalizou-se a atuação dos missionários como mediadores das relações interculturais durante a missão jesuíta na Bahia com o aporte da teoria da mediação cultural. Como diretriz metodológica, optou-se pelo gênero narrativo-descritivo para transcrever as narrativas que abordam o processo de transformação das guerras intertribais em guerra coloniais, a fim de evidenciar as diferentes perspectivas teóricas sobre a guerra indígena. Analisaram-se criticamente as representações das guerras nas diferentes fontes, a partir das quais se elaborou a reconstituição de dois processos: a adaptação do sistema bélico tupi para o atendimento das necessidades bélicas coloniais e a construção de uma nova ideologia de guerra com a ênfase na belicosidade indígena e na antropofagia para justificar as novas demandas geradas no contexto da colonização. Identificaram-se como principais resultados do estudo, a utilização da prática bélica indígena como instrumento de colonização e exploração econômica, a exacerbação da belicosidade indígena nos discursos europeus para justificar a necessidade da colonização e a reconfiguração das guerras realizadas no Novo Mundo, que a partir do encontro ultrapassaram as antigas rivalidades intertribais e tornaram-se conflitos coloniais. / This study is an analysis of the reorientation process of the Indian Wars in colonial Brazil undertaken by investigating the indigenous war activity in the captaincy of Bahia between the implementation of Government-General in 1549 and the Dutch invasion in Bahia 1624. Before achieving this goal we make a literature review of the major anthropological studies about Tupinamba Wars confronting these with the references given by the sources and the contemporary historiography that shows that the Indian war in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries assumed different configurations. It was established as study aims to evaluate the contributions and limits of anthropological analyzes of the Tupi war-sacrifice complex, in order to broaden the understanding of the reorientation process of the Indian war and explain the indigenous participation in wars conducted in Bahia, as well as to evaluate if the focus in missionary activity between Indians helps the understanding of this process. In the theoretical realm, we analyzed the performance of missionaries as cultural brokers for the Jesuit mission in Bahia with the contribution of the theory of cultural mediation. As a methodological guideline, we opted for the narrative-descriptive genre to transcribe the stories that address the transformation process of intertribal wars in colonial war in order to highlight the different theoretical perspectives on indigenous war. We analyzed critically the representations of wars in different sources which made possible the reconstruction of two processes: the adaptation of the Tupi war to answer the colonial war needs and the construction of a new ideology of war with emphasis on Indian bellicosity and cannibalism to justify the new demands generated in the context of colonization. It was identified as the main results of this study, the use of indigenous war practice as colonization and economic exploitation instruments, the intensification of the indigenous bellicosity in European speeches to justify the need for colonization and the reconfiguration of the wars carried out in the New World, that since the encounter overcame the intertribal rivalries and became colonial conflicts.
152

Dinâmica simbiótica: o problema estratégico visto sob a perspectiva da complexidade / Symbiotic dynamic: strategic problem seen from complexity perspective

Terra, Leonardo Augusto Amaral 06 August 2010 (has links)
O cenário de grandes transformações do mundo atual fez com que autores consagrados como C. K. Prahalad, Gary Hamel e Peter F. Drucker reconhecessem que os modelos estratégicos vigentes estariam encontrando dificuldades para oferecer racionalidades adequadas para se lidar com o problema da mudança nas sociedades e nas organizações de produção contemporâneas. Para parcela significativa da produção científica recente na área, a problemática em tela se deve, em grande medida, à fragmentação teórica e à especialização decorrente do uso intensivo de abordagens prescritivas nas Ciências Administrativas. Este cenário conduz à necessidade de se repensar os correntes arcabouços conceituais. Neste sentido, o presente esforço de pesquisa tem por objetivo desenvolver uma sintetize dos aspectos internos e externos da dinâmica do problema estratégico, a partir de abordagens aderentes à teoria da Complexidade. Para tal, foi realizado um esforço de revisão conceitual embasado em análise do problema, segundo a metodologia fenomenológica de Husserl. Os resultados foram submetidos a um procedimento analógico realizado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica nas literaturas que tratam da complexidade em outros sistemas teóricos próprios, especialmente os da Biologia. Como resultado, identificou-se que as organizações são produto de acoplamentos entre dois ou mais sistemas distintos que, por sua vez, se acoplam ao sócio-sistema humano e estes, por sua vez, ao restante da dinâmica planetária. Em última análise, esta configuração nutre forte analogia com as dinâmicas baseadas na simbiose, encontradas nos estudos mais recentes da biologia que, ao que o estudo indica, podem se transformar em uma inspiradora, importante e útil analogia para o aperfeiçoamento dos arcabouços teóricos em gestão estratégia. / Major Changes in today´s world has made renowned authors such as C. K. Prahalad, Gary Hamel and Peter F. Drucker recognized that the existing strategic models are not providing reasonable and adequate solutions to deal with the society changing problems and with the contemporary production organizations. For a significant portion of the recent scientific output in this area, the issue faced is due to, in most of it, the theoretical fragmentation and the specialization resulting from the intensive use of prescriptive approaches in Administrative Sciences. This scenario leads to the need of rethinking the current conceptual frameworks. This study, in particular, addresses the concepts related to the strategic problem of which we highlight the dynamics behind the problem, results of the aforementioned organizational changes which are characteristic of a contemporary society. For this, the present research effort aims to develop a summarized study of the internal and external aspects of dynamic strategic problems and, taking as a starting point the approaches inherent in the complexity theory. To achieve this, an effort was made to review the concept behind the problem analysis, according to Husserl´s phenomenological methodology. The results were submitted to an analog procedure, bibliographical research on the literatures that deals with complexity in other theoretical systems, especially in biology. As a result, it was found that organizations are products of couplings between two or more separate systems, which will couple to the socio-­human system, and these, to the rest of the planetary dynamics. As a last analysis, this configuration has strong analogy with the dynamics based on symbiosis, found in recent biology; this study suggests that it can become an inspiring, important and useful metaphor for the improvement of the theoretical frameworks in management strategy.
153

O Vestido de Proust: uma construção na trama das correspondências / Proust\'s fashion dress: a bulding in the plot of the correspondence

Marantes, Bernardete Oliveira 26 October 2011 (has links)
Esta pesquisa tenciona apreender a moda das roupas, e afins, na obra de Marcel Proust, À la Recherche du temps perdu. Este escopo desdobra-se num exame sobre a fundação da estética proustiana da moda das roupas, assim como no exame acerca da história das roupas e sua função identitária, e no exame das vestimentas de importantes personagens femininas. O pensamento de Gilles Deleuze mostra-se presente em diversas etapas do trabalho, colaborando na costura do vestido proustiano. / This research intends to capture the fashion of clothes and related subjects in the Marcel Prousts romance À la Recherche du temps perdu. The scope of this work is unfolded in an investigation on the foundations of the Proustian clothing fashions aesthetic, as well as the examination about the history of clothing and their identity role, and as well as the garments of important female characters. Ideas of Gilles Deleuze show up at various stages of this research, collaborating in Proustian fashion dress
154

The contribution of foreign investments to the economic development of host states as a jurisdictional requirement under the ICSID Convention

Castro de Figueiredo, Roberto January 2012 (has links)
This thesis addresses the problem concerning the contribution of foreign investments to the economic development of the host State as a jurisdictional requirement under the Washington Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States (“ICSID Convention”). The ICSID Convention governs the jurisdiction of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes for the institution of arbitral proceedings between Contracting States and nationals of other Contracting States. While the institution of arbitral proceedings under the ICSID Convention is contingent upon the consent of the disputing parties, the jurisdiction of the Centre is limited to disputes that fulfill certain requirements. One of the core requirements of the jurisdiction of the Centre is that the dispute must arise out of an investment. Although the ICSID Convention lacks a definition of investment, most arbitral tribunals that had to define the function and content of the investment requirement concluded that the ICSID Convention contains a notion of investment that may not be waived by the consent of the disputing parties. The majority of these decisions considered that the contribution to the economic development of the host State would be one of the elements of such notion of investment. According to these decisions, the economic development requirement, as an element of the investment requirement of the ICSID Convention, could be inferred from the wording of the first recital of the Preamble of the ICSID Convention, which states that the ICSID Convention was concluded considering the role of private international investments in the economic development. It is submitted in this thesis, however, that these decisions were based on a misapplication of the general rule of treaty interpretation of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, which codified the existing customary international law rule of treaty interpretation, given that they ignore the ordinary meaning of the term “investment” as employed in the ICSID Convention. The general rule of treaty interpretation of the Vienna Convention establishes a method by which each source of the intention of the parties to the treaty plays a relevant role. Above all, treaty interpretation must be based on the text of the treaty, which must be interpreted in accordance with the ordinary meaning of its terms. The use of the object and purpose of a treaty is a second step and may not be relied on in order to contradict the ordinary meaning of the terms employed in the treaty and to confer a special meaning on them.
155

Personality, life-history traits and pace of life in the hermit crab Pagurus bernhardus

Velasque Borges, Mariana January 2017 (has links)
Consistent between-individual differences in behaviour (termed “animal personality”) may be driven by adaptive differences in behavioural and physiological life-history traits. The Pace of Life Syndrome (POLS) hypothesis predicts a suit of correlations between those life-history traits along a fast-slow continuum. Therefore, according to the POLS, individuals that are fast-paced would be bolder, more explorative, show high growth-rates, lower immunity and a higher metabolic rate. A mechanistic link between such traits could also explain variation in cognitive traits, where bold individuals are faster at a given task but pay less attention to external cues and therefore make decisions less accurately. Here, I tested the POLS hypothesis focusing on between and within-individual variance in boldness, metabolic rate (MR), cognitive performance (as decision-making performance) and exploration in the hermit crab Pagurus bernhardus. In addition, I also investigated the potential role of anthropogenic disturbances (constant light exposure) as a driver of between and within-individual variation in boldness. Hermit crabs demonstrated consistent between-individual differences in boldness and exploration, providing evidence for the presence of animal personality. However, variation between individuals in boldness, exploration and cognitive performance were not underpinned by variation in MR. Although there were no between-individual correlations among MR and behaviour, MR did co-vary with within-individual variance in boldness. My results indicate that less predictable hermit crabs, on average, have a higher MR during startle responses compared with those that are relatively consistent in their behaviour. Boldness was positively correlated with exploration rate, indicating that more explorative were also bolder, as well as cognitive performance, as bold individuals had a better performance than shy. Finally, constant light exposure is likely to modify hermit crab personality and physiology. Hermit crabs kept under a constant light regime were less bold and had a higher metabolic rate, than when kept under standard light and dark regime, indicating possible effects light pollution in this species. These results only partially support the POLS hypothesis.
156

En satt bild är inte given : En källkritisk studie av källor kring forskningen och bilden av Kiowatolken Joshua H Given. / The right image is not a given : a source critical study of the research and image of the interpreter Joshua H Given.

Erlandsson, Johan January 2019 (has links)
The acquisition of the Indian land by the Cherokee Commission between 1890 to 1892 was a series of events that changed the future of many indian nations and parts of american history. In the midst of these great changes, Kiowa interpreter for the Cherokee commission: Joshua H Given, ended up in a controversial position. He was accused of having deliberately cheated and mislead the Indians to get them to sign the agreements to allot their land to the goverment. This led to several attempts by the Indian tribes to annul the agreements with the commission and the condemnation of Joshua Given by many Kiowas. This essay is an attempt to clarify parts of Joshua H Givens life, actions and death through a source-critical analysis of the sources used in the research of Joshua Given. The views of two historians, C. Blue Clark and William T. Hagan, is used to contrast and compare the actions and life of Given to get a fuller view of the complicity of this individual. Hagans views is more focused on the image of a trying mediator, while Clark focuses on the images of a deceiving interpreter, By the work and theories of Nancy L. Hagedorn and Margaret Connell Szasz on the cultural broker as an cultural intermediate, Givens complexe relation to the clashing cultures and tradition of his own Kiowa nation and his newly learned western and Christian culture can be undersood as a failiure to gain the extremely important trust required for such mediation between the parties.
157

Entre a inovação aberta e a inovação fechada: Estudo de casos

Thomas, Elisa 19 March 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T18:40:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A inovação é fator essencial para a competitividade e sobrevivência das empresas no mercado e, por isso, tem recebido cada vez mais atenção nos campos acadêmico e organizacional. As atividades de inovação vêm passando, nos últimos anos, por mudanças na forma como são gerenciadas. Os ciclos de vida cada vez mais curtos dos produtos, junto com altos custos de realizar pesquisas e os altos riscos de investir em inovação são alguns motivos causadores dessa mudança, que implica na transição de um modelo fechado e interno para uma forma aberta – em que as organizações relacionam-se com o mercado durante todo o processo de inovação. Esta dissertação tem como propósito contribuir para a compreensão das relações entre a empresa estudada e diferentes organizações externas nos diversos estágios do processo de inovação. Através de uma pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida pelo método de estudo de caso, são estudadas duas empresas do setor de produtos químicos localizadas na região do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Os dados foram co / Innovation is an essential factor for competitiveness and survival of companies in the market, and, therefore, has been receiving more and more attention in the academic and organizational fields. Innovation activities have been going through changes in the way they are managed in the past years. The products’ shorter and shorter life cycles, along with the high costs of making researches and the high risks in investing in innovation are some of the reasons for that change, which implies the transition from a closed and internal model to an open way – in which organizations relate to the market during all the innovation process. This dissertation has as purpose to contribute to the understanding of relationships between the studied company and different external organizations in several stages of the innovation process. Through a qualitative research, developed with the case study method, two companies of the chemical sector, located in the region of Vale do Rio do Sinos, are studied. Data were collected via
158

Conflitos na aplicação de precedentes dos Tribunais Superiores em matéria tributária

Figueiredo, Marina Vieira de 23 March 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-08-08T14:32:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marina Vieira de Figueiredo.pdf: 2377233 bytes, checksum: f182fd72c61743bfa8c84d497dc3f29f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-08T14:32:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marina Vieira de Figueiredo.pdf: 2377233 bytes, checksum: f182fd72c61743bfa8c84d497dc3f29f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The legal standards must not be confused with the prescriptive texts. The first are built from such texts, which allow different interpretations and the creation of conflicting rules. Therefore, the conflict between standards is an embedded problem in the legal system. Among the conflicts which are relevant, those verified among standards derived from a single precedent of the Superior Courts stand out. Current legislation confers special attention to decisions issued by these bodies, imposing their applicability to similar cases. There is no point, however, in granting a binding effect to the precedents if there is no uniformity in their application. It is true, however, that the commonly chosen criteria for rule conflict resolution are not enough to solve this kind of contradiction, since the rules derived from the same precedent: (i) hold the same hierarchy; (ii) are equally general; and (iii) are contemporaneous. This, however, does not mean that there are no criteria liable to resolve such antinomies. Analyzing our legal system, we see that any act of implementing rules (judicial decision there included) always has the same configuration: the norm is created for means of specific concrete application, there is an assessment in order to identify if the facts are comprised by what the aforementioned legal standards set forth, and only then a legal relationship between certain individuals is constituted. Therefore, the construction of a rule based on a precedent will, necessarily, observe these aspects: applicable provision, facts taken into consideration upon decision issuance and how the dispute was settled. The latter, in its turn, will be the first step towards the resolution of conflicts upon its application. Once the ratio decidendi, i.e. the rule of the precedent, is determined then it is time to check whether the jurisdiction for which it provides (power to apply the precedent for similar cases) was legally exerted. If an illegality is identified – resulting from a controversial precedent interpretation – this allows for the application of the penalty provided in the standard of competence: invalidity declaration of the illegally created standard / a partir deste suporte físico, o qual admite interpretações divergentes e, portanto, a construção de normas conflitantes. O conflito entre normas é, portanto, é um problema inerente ao sistema jurídico. Dentre os conflitos que interessam ao direito, destacam-se aqueles verificados entre normas construídas a partir de um mesmo precedente dos Tribunais Superiores. O ordenamento jurídico, atualmente, dá especial relevo às decisões proferidas por estes órgãos, impondo a sua aplicação aos casos análogos. De nada adianta, contudo, conferir eficácia vinculante aos precedentes se não há uniformidade na sua aplicação. É certo, por outro lado, que os critérios comumente eleitos para a solução de conflitos entre normas não são suficientes para solucionar esta espécie de antinomia, já que as normas construídas a partir de um mesmo precedente: (i) ocupam a mesma hierarquia; (ii) são igualmente gerais; e (iii) são contemporâneas. Isso, no entanto, não quer dizer que não existam critérios para resolver tais antinomias. Analisando nosso ordenamento, verificamos que qualquer ato de aplicação de normas (aí incluídas as decisões judiciais) tem sempre a mesma configuração: constrói-se a norma a aplicar no caso concreto, verifica-se se há subsunção entre os fatos e aquilo que prescreve referida norma para, então, constituir uma relação jurídica entre certos indivíduos. Portanto, a construção da norma instituída por um precedente passará, necessariamente, por estes pontos: norma a aplicar, fatos considerados na decisão e modo como a lide foi solucionada. Este, por sua vez, será o primeiro passo para a resolução de conflitos na sua aplicação. Definido a ratio decidendi, ou seja, a norma do precedente, é então o momento de verificar se a competência nela prevista (competência para aplicar o precedente a casos análogos) foi licitamente exercida. Constatada a ilicitude – decorrente da interpretação controvertida do precedente – abre-se espaço para a aplicação da sanção prevista na norma de competência: nulidade da norma criada ilicitamente
159

Campos de batalha jornalística : os enquadramentos construídos por Zero Hora, Diário Gaúcho e Sul21 na luta pela (i)legitimidade do ciclo de manifestações de 2013, em Porto Alegre/RS

Fernandes, Eduardo Georjão January 2016 (has links)
O tema desta pesquisa são as disputas travadas por veículos midiáticos na cobertura a ações de movimentos sociais. Busca-se, empiricamente, identificar os enquadramentos interpretativos construídos por três jornais (Zero Hora, Diário Gaúcho e Sul21) sobre o ciclo de protestos de 2013, em Porto Alegre/RS, em especial no que se refere às interações entre manifestantes e aparato policial. Metodologicamente, foi construído um banco de dados com todas as publicações de cada jornal, na cobertura ao ciclo de manifestações, bem como foram entrevistados(as) jornalistas responsáveis pela produção do conteúdo dessas publicações. Após a organização e a quantificação do corpus de dados, com a identificação de tendências de cobertura, foram selecionados eventos específicos de protesto (ocorridos em 27 de março, 04 de abril, 13 de junho e 20 de junho), bem como as “retrospectivas” de final de ano, para análise de conteúdo. A convergência entre o material empírico e os referenciais teóricos resultou em três dimensões centrais: a identidade dos(as) manifestantes; a caracterização da(s) reivindicação(ões) do protesto; as interações entre manifestantes e policiais. A partir de tais dimensões construiu-se um modelo analítico para operacionalização do estudo. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que a construção de enquadramentos interpretativos por Zero Hora, Diário Gaúcho e Sul21 foi caracterizada pela multiplicidade de esquemas interpretativos. Essa multiplicidade diz respeito a diferenças (a) entre os conteúdos de cada jornal e a (b) transformações de enquadramento no curso das mobilizações. Zero Hora e Diário Gaúcho produziram enquadramentos similares. Inicialmente, as coberturas de ambos os jornais centraram-se na identificação de repertórios de dano a patrimônios por manifestantes, tomando-se a manifestação (denominada “baderna”) como ilegítima. Ao longo do ano, Zero Hora e Diário Gaúcho delimitaram uma distinção entre “manifestantes pacíficos” e um grupo específico - qualificado pelo termo “vândalos” -, o qual foi considerado responsabilizável pela realização de repertórios de dano a patrimônios. A referida transformação de enquadramento denotou uma autonomização deste repertório específico (tomado como ilegítimo) em relação à manifestação (considerada legítima). O Sul21 caracterizou-se, diversamente, pela ênfase, desde o início do ano, no questionamento à ação policial de repressão às mobilizações. Os protestos, por outro turno, foram invariavelmente considerados legítimos pelo Sul21. Por fim, as “retrospectivas” de final de ano indicaram similaridades no enquadramento de todos os jornais, com a construção de uma síntese interpretativa hegemônica a respeito do ciclo de protestos. A partir da análise de dados, formulou-se a seguinte tipologia dos enquadramentos interpretativos adotados em diferentes momentos do ano: “Manifestação como afronta à ordem”; “Polícia como instituição violenta”; “Maioria de manifestantes pacíficos em oposição à minoria de manifestantes violentos”; “Maioria de manifestantes pacíficos em oposição à minoria de manifestantes violentos e a uma polícia violenta”. A análise cronológica denotou disputas entre esses diferentes modelos de cobertura, com a constituição de um “campo de batalha” interpretativo. / The subject of this research is the disputes promoted by media vehicles at the coverage of social movements actions. We seek to, empirically, identify the interpretative frameworks built by three newspapers (Zero Hora, Diário Gaúcho and Sul21) about the 2013 protests cycle, in Porto Alegre/RS, in particular in what it refers to the interactions between protesters and police apparatus. Methodologically, we constructed a database with all the publications of each newspaper, at the coverage of the mobilization cycle and we interviewed journalists responsible for producing the content of these publications. After organizing and quantifying the database, identifying coverage trends, we selected specific protest events (occurred on March 27, April 04, June 13 and June 20) and the end-of-the-year "retrospectives" for content analysis. The convergence between empirical data and theoretical references resulted in three central dimensions: the identity of protesters; the characterization of protest claims; the interactions between protesters, and police. From these dimensions we constructed an analytical model for the implementation of the study. The survey results indicate that the construction of interpretative frameworks by Zero Hora, Diário Gaúcho, and Sul21 was characterized by the multiplicity of interpretative schemes. This multiplicity concerns about the differences (a) between the contents of each newspaper and about the (b) framework changes in the course of mobilizations. Zero Hora and Diário Gaúcho produced similar frameworks. Initially, the coverage of both newspapers focused on the identification of repertoires of patrimonial damage by protesters, taking the manifestation (called "hooliganism") as illegitimate. Throughout the year, Zero Hora and Diário Gaúcho delimited a distinction between "peaceful protesters" and a specific group - qualified as "vandals" -, which was considered responsible for conducting repertoires of patrimonial damage. This framework transformation denoted an increasing autonomy of this particular repertoire (taken as illegitimate) in relation with the mobilization itself (considered legitimate). Sul21 was characterized, diversely, by the emphasis, since the beginning of the year, on questioning the police action of repression to the manifestations. The protests, on the other hand, were invariably considered legitimate by Sul21. Finally, the end-of-the-year "retrospectives" indicated similarities between the frameworks of all the newspapers, with the construction of a hegemonic interpretative synthesis about the protest cycle. From the data analysis, we formulated the following typology of interpretative frameworks adopted in different moments of the year: "manifestation as an affront to order"; "Police as a violent institution"; "The majority of peaceful protesters opposed to the minority of violent protesters"; "The majority of peaceful protesters opposed to the minority of violent protesters and opposed to a violent police." The chronological analysis denoted disputes between these different types of coverage, with the establishment of a "battlefield" interpretation.
160

Formação docente e racionalidade instrumental: reflexões sobre a psicologia a partir do depoimento de professores / Teacher education and instrumental rationality: reflections about the psychology from the statement of teachers

Lara, Aline Frollini Lunardelli 29 June 2006 (has links)
O tema formação de professores tem sido foco de inúmeras pesquisas e trabalhos publicados nas áreas da Educação e da Psicologia. Dos vários elementos que compõem a formação do educador, um se refere à obrigatoriedade da disciplina Psicologia da Educação no currículo dos cursos de magistério, licenciatura ou Pedagogia. Os estudos sobre o tema, geralmente, tratam da análise da estrutura dos currículos e de novas estratégias para o ensino dessa ciência. Entretanto, a compreensão da maneira como a Psicologia se configura na formação docente, a partir da reflexão do educador, ainda não se constituiu como uma linha de pesquisa. Neste contexto, este estudo teve por objetivo investigar como a Psicologia está presente na formação e no trabalho pedagógico de professores a partir de sua própria análise. Buscou, especificamente, compreender a apropriação e a avaliação do professor do que lhe foi ensinado sobre Psicologia ao longo de sua formação e suas expectativas com relação a este saber. Para tanto, sete professores de uma escola municipal pública de ensino fundamental I e da educação de jovens e adultos da cidade de São Paulo foram entrevistados. A coleta de depoimentos foi feita em três fases: conversa inicial não gravada, entrevista gravada semi-dirigida sobre a biografia profissional do docente e discussão gravada do depoimento com o entrevistado. A leitura das entrevistas levou à constituição de quatro categorias de análise: 1. A relação do depoente com a Psicologia; 2. Como ela se apresenta em sua formação; 3. A realidade da escola pública atual; e 4. A relação entre teoria e prática. Esta última tornou-se o eixo de discussão sobre a formação docente em Psicologia, uma vez que perpassa todas as outras categorias. Verificou-se que os professores aprenderam uma psicologia que fundamenta a expectativa do ensino individualizado, com base na relação dual professor-aluno, e que, na formação do educador, ela configura-se como instrumento técnico-prático de eficiência pedagógica. A teoria, nesse sentido, é entendida como razão instrumental, pragmática e utilitarista. As reflexões deste estudo apontam para a necessidade de se discutir a construção de um outro espaço para a Psicologia na formação docente, que rompa com o modelo essencialmente tecnicista. / The theme teacher education has been the focus of uncounted researches and essays published in the areas of Education and Psychology. From the various elements that compose the education of the educator, one is related to the obligatoriness of the subject Psychology of Education in the curriculum of the mastership courses, graduation or Pedagogy. Generally, the studies about the theme talk about the structure of the curriculum and the new teaching strategies of this science. However, the comprehension about the way the psychology is configured in teacher education, based on the educator reflection, has not been constituted as a research line yet. In this context, this study had as primary aim, investigate how the Psychology is present in the teachers’ education and pedagogical work, based on their own analysis. It seek, specifically, understand the teacher’s appropriation and the evaluation of what was taught to them about Psychology during their education, and their expectancies in relation to this knowledge. For this, seven teachers from a municipal public school of elementary and adult and youth education in the city of São Paulo were interviewed. The data collection was developed in three phases: an initial non-recorded talk, a recorded semi-structured interview about the teacher’s professional biography, and recorded discussion of the interviewed statement. The reading of the interviews led to the constitution of four categories of analysis: 1. The relation between the deponent and the Psychology; 2. How it is presented in his/her education; 3. The actual reality of the public school; and 4. The relation between theory and practical. The last one became the pivot of discussion about the teacher education in Psychology, once it goes through all the other categories. It was verified that the teachers learnt a kind of Psychology that justify the expectancy of individualized teaching, having as basis the dual relation between teacher-student, and that, in the teacher education, it is configured as a technical-practical instrument of pedagogical efficiency. The theory, in this meaning, is understood as instrumental reason, pragmatic and utilitarian. The reflections of this study indicate the necessity of discussing the construction of another space to the Psychology in the teacher education that disrupt with the technicist model primarily.

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