Since the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (VRA), the number of African- Americans competing for and holding state legislative offices has increased significantly. Their growth is most notable in southern state legislatures. A growing number of studies have been devoted to African-Americans in these state legislatures. Absent from previous studies is a comprehensive analysis of African-Americans in the Louisiana state legislature. In 2007 there were a total of 32 African-American legislators. Louisiana ranks among other states with the highest number, 32, and percentage, 22, of African-American legislators. Yet, despite their relatively large presence few scholarly studies have examined their legislative behavior. This study focused primarily on the substantive representation of African-Americans, especially during the post-Hurricane Katrina period. In this dissertation, the following questions were examined: Have the growing number of these legislators resulted in greater influence in state policy-making? Have they chaired any important, policy-relevant committees in the state legislature? Have they articulated and advocated a race-based legislative agenda for African-American constituents? Using a multi-methodological approach including the analysis of voting rights legislation introduced in the post-Hurricane Katrina legislative sessions and qualitative interviews, evidence was found to conclude that African-American House members have provided substantive representation to their constituents, obtained key institutional leadership positions, and campaigned in biracial terms, which has contributed to there ability to have a notable impact in the chamber.

Since the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (VRA), the number of African- Americans competing for and holding state legislative offices has increased significantly. Their growth is most notable in southern state legislatures. A growing number of studies have been devoted to African-Americans in these state legislatures. Absent from previous studies is a comprehensive analysis of African-Americans in the Louisiana state legislature. In 2007 there were a total of 32 African-American legislators. Louisiana ranks among other states with the highest number, 32, and percentage, 22, of African-American legislators. Yet, despite their relatively large presence few scholarly studies have examined their legislative behavior. This study focused primarily on the substantive representation of African-Americans, especially during the post-Hurricane Katrina period. In this dissertation, the following questions were examined: Have the growing number of these legislators resulted in greater influence in state policy-making? Have they chaired any important, policy-relevant committees in the state legislature? Have they articulated and advocated a race-based legislative agenda for African-American constituents? Using a multi-methodological approach including the analysis of voting rights legislation introduced in the post-Hurricane Katrina legislative sessions and qualitative interviews, evidence was found to conclude that African-American House members have provided substantive representation to their constituents, obtained key institutional leadership positions, and campaigned in biracial terms, which has contributed to there ability to have a notable impact in the chamber.

I analyzed the hairy experience of seven women participating or linked to MaYHAIR initiative, through the ex/in-corporation framework (Zeiler, 2013). MaYHAIR is a movement inviting to question the double standards on body hair by challenging people to keep their body hair for the whole month of May. Although previous studies mainly focus on hairlessness and body hair removal, I concentrate in this study case on the - feminine – experience of body hair and the excorporation feeling that realization of the hairless norm may create. I address the acceptance of one’s body hair leading to the acceptance of one’s body; the politization associated with hairiness; the importance of intersectional concern leading to challenging choice rhetoric; as well as the necessity for support and diversity of representations.

This Thesis had as objectives to study the hydration process of grains with sigmoidal behavior, evaluating ultrasound technology to improve it, the possible effects on germination, cooking and a possible incorporation of nutrients. The work was developed in three parts. The first part consisted of describing the hydration kinetics of many grains to have a data bank of hydration kinetics, allowing further selections. Furthermore, this part compared the differences among grains hydration kinetics, associating them with the intrinsic properties of the grains and questioning some inferences previously published in the literature. The second part was related to study the effect of ultrasound on the hydration kinetics of grains with sigmoidal behavior, being studied Andean lupin, mung beans and white kidney beans. Further, the effect of ultrasound in combination with soaking water at high temperatures was studied to demonstrate if they have additive, synergic or antagonist effect. The effect of ultrasound technology was evaluated in the water uptake, extraction of components, germination and cooking kinetics. The third part consisted of studying and describing the incorporation of a nutrient inside the grains, taking advantage of the hydration process. Further, ultrasound was used to improve this incorporation. The main results of this work corroborate that the hydration process is a complex phenomenon, and many intrinsic properties of the grains causes the kinetics differences. In addition, the fact that only legume grains have sigmoidal behavior of hydration was proved. Further, the ultrasound accelerated the hydration process of grains with sigmoidal behavior without affecting the grain starch, improving the extraction of undesirable components, enhancing or hindering the germination (depending on the grain), but without affecting the cooking process. Another result was that the higher the soaking water temperature is, the lower the ultrasound effect on hydration is. Finally, regarding nutrient incorporation, a hydrophilic nutrient (iron) was incorporated in a grain during hydration process demonstrating that it is possible. The iron incorporation had the same behavior as the water uptake, suggesting similar mechanisms and phenomena of mass flow. In addition, the incorporated iron was attached not only to the bean cotyledon, but also mostly in the seed coat. Furthermore, ultrasound technology enhanced this process. The cooking process of the studied grains was improved, and its germination was hindered by the incorporated iron. In conclusion, ultrasound technology can be used for improving the hydration process of grains with sigmoidal behavior, being also practical for nutrient incorporation into grains. / A presente Tese teve como objetivos estudar o processo de hidratação de grãos com comportamento sigmoidal de hidratação, avaliar a tecnologia de ultrassom para a sua melhora, os possíveis efeitos na germinação, cozimento e possível incorporação de nutrientes. O trabalho foi feito em três etapas. A primeira etapa consistiu em realizar uma prospecção de hidratação de diversos grãos, auxiliando na escolha dos futuros grãos a serem estudados. Ainda, comparou-se as cinéticas de hidratação associando-as com as propriedades intrínsecas dos grãos, avaliando diversas inferências publicadas sobre o processo. Na segunda etapa estudou-se o efeito do ultrassom de alta potência no processo de hidratação de três grãos com comportamento sigmoidal: tremoço andino, feijão moyashi e feijão branco. Também foi avaliado o efeito combinado do ultrassom e a temperatura da água de hidratação. O efeito da tecnologia de ultrassom foi avaliado na cinética de absorção de água, extração de compostos, germinação e cozimento. A terceira etapa consistiu em aproveitar o longo tempo do processo de hidratação para incorporar um nutriente hidrossolúvel dentro do grão. O ultrassom foi também usado para acelerar este processo. Os resultados mais importantes da Tese foram que se corroborou que a hidratação de grãos é um processo complexo e que há muita dificuldade em correlacionar as propriedades intrínsecas dos grãos com as características da hidratação. Ainda, foi demonstrado que o comportamento sigmoidal de hidratação é somente encontrado em grãos da família das leguminosas. Também foi demostrado que o ultrassom acelera a hidratação de grãos com comportamento sigmoidal e que esta tecnologia não afeta o amido dos grãos, melhora ou piora a germinação (dependendo do grão), e não afeta o cozimento. Corroborou-se que quanto maior a temperatura da água, menor é o efeito do ultrassom na cinética de hidratação. Finalmente, demonstrou-se que é possível incorporar nutrientes solúveis dentro dos grãos, aproveitando assim o longo tempo de hidratação. Encontrou-se que a incorporação de nutrientes segue mecanismo similar que a entrada de água, e que pode ser acelerado usando ultrassom. Também, foi demonstrado que o ferro foi incorporado no cotilédone e no tegumento (em maior quantidade), e que este composto melhora o cozimento do feijão, porém prejudica a sua germinação. Em conclusão, o ultrassom pode ser usado para melhorar o processo de hidratação de grãos e para a incorporação de algum nutriente.

Thesis advisor: Shawn McGuffey / Historically, the U.S. has been among the top nation-states of global refugee resettlement, and it continues to be, despite recent domestic political rhetoric against this policy. The U.S. welfare state provides resources to contracted nonprofit immigrant-serving organizations to carry out the U.S. resettlement policy. However, scholars under-examine front-line welfare policy practices with refugees. This area is critical to examine in this historical moment, because scholars argue the rise of neoliberalism has negatively affected the nonprofit human service sector’s capacity to provide social rights to the most vulnerable (Hasenfeld and Garrow 2012). Drawing on participant-observation at a northeastern resettlement organization and 50 semi-structured interviews with front-line bureaucrats and refugees between 2010-2015, I examine how bureaucrats perceive and shape refugees’ initial processes of resettling in the U.S., and how refugees also view this experience. My dissertation found competing restrictive and inclusionary perceptions of and practices with Iraqi, Darfurian, and Bhutanese refugees, which calls into question how, and why, welfare subjects with legal refugee status, are perceived distinctly by their social locations in the shrinking and stigmatized U.S. welfare context. Additionally, my dissertation illuminates how refugees evaluate their resettlement experiences and belonging in the U.S. I present my research in three articles: My first article, Rights and Responsibilities: Bureaucrats’ Competing Frames about U.S. Resettlement Objectives for Refugees, examines the salient frames that bureaucrats used to describe the objectives of U.S. resettlement for refugees. I found two competing frameworks informed their perceptions: market citizenship responsibilities and human rights. By this, I mean local level bureaucrats discussed their role to provide services either geared at making refugees responsible on a path to self-sufficiency, or to provide them with human rights. While I found the responsibilities frame was more dominant, contrary to past findings (Clevenger et al. 2014; Nawyn 2007), frame usage differed depending on one’s professional status and level of experience. Experienced (paid) bureaucrats tended to emphasize the responsibilities frame as most important for assisting refugees with becoming self-sufficient in American society. In contrast, less experienced, temporary (unpaid) bureaucrats generally emphasized the rights frame as most important to assist refugees with gaining membership in the U.S. These insights expand recent immigrant welfare scholarship by illuminating how different local level bureaucratic roles, in contrast to organizational (Nawyn 2010) or city level differences (Clevenger et al. 2014), correlate with distinct frames about refugees. Finally, I discuss how frame usage informs competing notions of the street-level politics of refugee belonging in American society. My second article, Refugees Will Be Poor! Managing Diverging Mobility Transitions to the American Welfare Class, explores how local level bureaucrats evaluate Iraqi and Bhutanese refugees’ “deservingness” of resettlement benefits in the U.S., based on their compliance with self-sufficiency resettlement goals. I argue that bureaucrats divide refugees into “deserving” and “undeserving” poor categories using ethnic and social class distinctions. Specifically, I examined how bureaucrats made decisions to discipline refugees to adhere to a self-sufficiency path. Consequently, these decisions revealed their distinct perceptions of refugee deservingness. Contrary to past scholarship that found race as most salient in informing welfare disciplinary practices and notions of deservingness (Schram 2005; Soss, Fording and Schram 2008), I found bureaucrats used refugees’ ethnicity as a marker for class origins to make decisions to discipline them. They identified Iraqis as having professional class origins; thus, they experienced “unwanted” downward mobility in the U.S. welfare class. In contrast, they viewed Bhutanese as having low class origins; thus, they experienced “desired” upward mobility in the same welfare class. As a result, bureaucrats thought more discipline was needed with Iraqis, compared to the Bhutanese because of their distinct behavioral reactions to their respective mobility shifts. Thus, bureaucrats marked Iraqis as “undeserving” and Bhutanese as “deserving” in their processes of resettling in the U.S. My third article, Waiting for Mobility: Refugee Incorporation as a Process of Temporal Belonging, examines Iraqi and Darfurian refugees’ sense of belonging, on their path toward social mobility in the U.S. I found Iraqis perceived waiting as a lasting obstacle on a generally blocked mobility path; consequently, they felt a sense of enduring social insecurity and a lack of belonging. In contrast, Darfurians perceived waiting as a temporary obstacle to achievable mobility; thus, they felt a sense of belonging, despite feeling a temporary state of social insecurity. Refugees who reconstructed a generally secure past professional class origin (Iraqis), compared to their insecure U.S. class location, expressed more frustration about waiting for mobility. In contrast, refugees who reconstructed a more politically and economically insecure past origin (Darfurians), compared to their secure conditions in the U.S., expressed positive hope for mobility. Bridging welfare theories of waiting (Auyero 2011; Reid 2013) with theories of belonging (Nawyn 2011; Yuval-Davis 2006), I build an immigrant incorporation process theory of temporal belonging to illuminate how refugees’ perceptions of waiting for mobility inform their feelings of belonging in the U.S. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2016. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Sociology.

Embriões somáticos de Ocotea catharinensis foram utilizados como modelo para a investigação da via biossintética para a formação de neolignanas com esqueleto benzofurânico, através do uso de precursores marcados com 13C e análise dos produtos por RMN de 13C. Isotopômeros de L-[13C]-fenilalanina administrados aos embriões, foram incorporados às neolignanas 5\'-metoxiporosina e armenina B . Entre os precursores intermediários, o acetato de [8-13C]-coniferila, preparado a partir da condensação de Knoevenagel seguido de várias etapas, foi incorporado na neolignana 5\'-metoxiporosina. No ensaio de bioconversão utilizando frações proteicas das culturas dos embriões de O. catharinensis, o acetato de coniferila foi convertido em isoeugenol que, junto com o eugenol, seriam os precursores hipotéticos para a formação dessas neolignanas. A análise filogenética de diversas espécies de Lauraceae indicou a proximidade entre espécies do gênero Ocotea, produzindo como principais metabólitos lignanas e neolignanas. Foi obtida a seqüência parcial do gene de proteína dirigente em O. catharinensis e O. macrophylla e a análise filogenética baseada na homologia das seqüências de proteína dirigente de Ocotea e de espécies de diferentes gêneros, indicaram um clado distinto formado para espécies de Ocotea. Estes dados dão suporte para a proposta de que neolignanas di-hidrobenzofurânicas seriam oriundas do acoplamento oxidativo entre unidades de E-isoeugenol e 5-metóxi-eugenol, com possível participação de proteína dirigente na regio- e estereoespecificidade das reações de dimerização . Baseando-se nestes resultados foi possível propor algumas etapas envolvidas na biossíntese de neolignanas. / Somatic embryos of Ocotea catharinensis were used as model to investigate the biosynthetic pathway of benzofuran neolignans formation by means of feeding precursors followed by analysis with 13C NMR. Isotopomers of L-[13C]-phenylalanine were administered to embryos and incorporated into di-hydrobenzofuran neolignans. Among the intermediate precursors, [8-13C]-coniferyl acetate, prepared by Knoevenagel and several steps, was incorporated in the neolignan 5\'-methoxyporosin. The studies of bioconversion using protein fraction obtained from the embryogenic cultures, the precursor coniferyl acetate was converted into isoeugenol, which together eugenol, is one of the putative precursors to the neolignans formation. Phylogenetic analysis of several species of Lauraceae indicated the proximity of Ocotea species producing lignans and neolignans as the main metabolites. A partial sequence of the dirigent protein gene from O. catharinensis and O. macrophylla were obtained and the phylogenetic analysis based on homology of dirigent protein sequences from Ocotea and from different plant genus indicated a distinct clade formed by Ocotea species. These findings support the hypothesis that the dihydrobenzofuran neolignans would be derived from the oxidative coupling between E- isoeugenol and 5- methoxy-eugenol and the dirigent protein would be involved in the regio- and stereospecificity of the dimerization reactions. Thus, it was possible to suggest some of the steps involved in the biosynthesis of neolignans.

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-10T22:57:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 44b.pdf: 1129969 bytes, checksum: 82a0d2d76fd8f6e6ebe0d3c0aa288e4b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-10T22:57:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 44b.pdf: 1129969 bytes, checksum: 82a0d2d76fd8f6e6ebe0d3c0aa288e4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos / O presente estudo trata de uma análise da incorporação tecnológica na agroindústria familiar, tendo por objetivo compreender como ocorre a incorporação de tecnologias na agroindústria familiar do município de Crissiumal-RS e os seus resultados em termos de manutenção do negócio da agricultura familiar. Trata-se de um trabalho teórico-empírico que utilizou o método exploratório-descritivo. A pesquisa qualitativa utilizou a técnica de entrevistas presenciais com base em roteiros previamente estruturados e aplicados em instituições de apoio à agroindústria familiar do município, bem como em grande parte das unidades produtivas que formam a agroindústria de Crissiumal. Como resultado, destaca-se que as inovações adotadas podem ser consideradas relativamente simples em termos tecnológicos, como por exemplo a máquina de despolpar e o moedor de cana de açúcar, e causadoras de importantes impactos na atividade da agroindústria familiar do município estudado. Dentre esses, releva destacar a manutenção ou crescimento do negócio das agroindústrias, por meio da elaboração de produtos com maior valor agregado, a conquista de novos mercados, o aumento da renda dos agricultores e a manutenção do emprego familiar, de terceiros e, até mesmo a criação de novos postos de trabalho. Também identificou-se que a participação de instituições, com destaque neste caso para a Cooper Fonte Nova, o conhecimento tácito do agricultor e a obtenção de recursos financeiros públicos, como importantes fatores no processo de mudança tecnológica desta atividade produtiva, indicando, portanto, a relevância de estímulos externos à unidade produtiva para a incorporação tecnológica, bem como a pró-atividade do produtor rural na adoção de inovações. / The present study is about an analysis of technological incorporation into family agribusiness, having as the main objective to understand how the incorporation of technologies in family agribusiness occurs in the town of Crissiumal-RS and its results in terms of maintenance of the family agriculture business. It is about a theoretical and empiric piece of work that utilized the exploratory-descriptive method. The qualitative research used the technique of face-to-face interviews, based on scripts which were previously structured and applied in institutions that support family agribusiness in this town, as well as in most productive units which form agribusiness in Crissiumal. As a result, it is important to say that the adopted innovations can be considered relatively simple regarding technology, for example, the pulping machine and the sugarcane grinder, and they cause important impact on the family agribusiness activity in the studied town. Among these, it is important to highlight the maintenance or growth of the agro industry business, through manufacturing products with greater added value, the conquest of new markets, the increase in the farmers’ income and the maintenance of family jobs, of third parties or even by creating new jobs. It was also possible to identify the participation of institutions, with Cooper Fonte Nova standing out, the tacit knowledge of the farmer and obtaining public financial resources as relevant factors in the process of technological changes in this productive activity. It indicates, therefore, the relevance of external stimuli to the production unit for the technological incorporation, as well as the farmer’s proactivity in adopting innovations.

in English The thesis analyzes memorandum of association and by-laws of a joint-stock company, from both general point of view as well as from the point of their required particular informations. The part concerning general point of view describes and evaluates memorandum of association as document incorporating a joint-stock company, it is described what role is performed by this document throught the whole process of incorporation of a joint-stock stock company and what role is assigned to this document after the company has been established. The part concerning general point of view then covers the by-laws as a document which is a basic norm for functioning of a particular joint-stock company. The functions of a by-laws in relation to the chosen subjects are described and evaluated. The two general parts are connected through the tract about the relation between a memorandum of association and by- laws, where the relation is evaluated and the role and significance of the two documents is compared. The other part of the thesis concerns itself with particular required informations, every one of the information describes and evalutes relevant legal regulation which is confronted with the opinions contained in the scientific literature, in the court decisions and my opinions. Eeach required...

This Thesis had as objectives to study the hydration process of grains with sigmoidal behavior, evaluating ultrasound technology to improve it, the possible effects on germination, cooking and a possible incorporation of nutrients. The work was developed in three parts. The first part consisted of describing the hydration kinetics of many grains to have a data bank of hydration kinetics, allowing further selections. Furthermore, this part compared the differences among grains hydration kinetics, associating them with the intrinsic properties of the grains and questioning some inferences previously published in the literature. The second part was related to study the effect of ultrasound on the hydration kinetics of grains with sigmoidal behavior, being studied Andean lupin, mung beans and white kidney beans. Further, the effect of ultrasound in combination with soaking water at high temperatures was studied to demonstrate if they have additive, synergic or antagonist effect. The effect of ultrasound technology was evaluated in the water uptake, extraction of components, germination and cooking kinetics. The third part consisted of studying and describing the incorporation of a nutrient inside the grains, taking advantage of the hydration process. Further, ultrasound was used to improve this incorporation. The main results of this work corroborate that the hydration process is a complex phenomenon, and many intrinsic properties of the grains causes the kinetics differences. In addition, the fact that only legume grains have sigmoidal behavior of hydration was proved. Further, the ultrasound accelerated the hydration process of grains with sigmoidal behavior without affecting the grain starch, improving the extraction of undesirable components, enhancing or hindering the germination (depending on the grain), but without affecting the cooking process. Another result was that the higher the soaking water temperature is, the lower the ultrasound effect on hydration is. Finally, regarding nutrient incorporation, a hydrophilic nutrient (iron) was incorporated in a grain during hydration process demonstrating that it is possible. The iron incorporation had the same behavior as the water uptake, suggesting similar mechanisms and phenomena of mass flow. In addition, the incorporated iron was attached not only to the bean cotyledon, but also mostly in the seed coat. Furthermore, ultrasound technology enhanced this process. The cooking process of the studied grains was improved, and its germination was hindered by the incorporated iron. In conclusion, ultrasound technology can be used for improving the hydration process of grains with sigmoidal behavior, being also practical for nutrient incorporation into grains. / A presente Tese teve como objetivos estudar o processo de hidratação de grãos com comportamento sigmoidal de hidratação, avaliar a tecnologia de ultrassom para a sua melhora, os possíveis efeitos na germinação, cozimento e possível incorporação de nutrientes. O trabalho foi feito em três etapas. A primeira etapa consistiu em realizar uma prospecção de hidratação de diversos grãos, auxiliando na escolha dos futuros grãos a serem estudados. Ainda, comparou-se as cinéticas de hidratação associando-as com as propriedades intrínsecas dos grãos, avaliando diversas inferências publicadas sobre o processo. Na segunda etapa estudou-se o efeito do ultrassom de alta potência no processo de hidratação de três grãos com comportamento sigmoidal: tremoço andino, feijão moyashi e feijão branco. Também foi avaliado o efeito combinado do ultrassom e a temperatura da água de hidratação. O efeito da tecnologia de ultrassom foi avaliado na cinética de absorção de água, extração de compostos, germinação e cozimento. A terceira etapa consistiu em aproveitar o longo tempo do processo de hidratação para incorporar um nutriente hidrossolúvel dentro do grão. O ultrassom foi também usado para acelerar este processo. Os resultados mais importantes da Tese foram que se corroborou que a hidratação de grãos é um processo complexo e que há muita dificuldade em correlacionar as propriedades intrínsecas dos grãos com as características da hidratação. Ainda, foi demonstrado que o comportamento sigmoidal de hidratação é somente encontrado em grãos da família das leguminosas. Também foi demostrado que o ultrassom acelera a hidratação de grãos com comportamento sigmoidal e que esta tecnologia não afeta o amido dos grãos, melhora ou piora a germinação (dependendo do grão), e não afeta o cozimento. Corroborou-se que quanto maior a temperatura da água, menor é o efeito do ultrassom na cinética de hidratação. Finalmente, demonstrou-se que é possível incorporar nutrientes solúveis dentro dos grãos, aproveitando assim o longo tempo de hidratação. Encontrou-se que a incorporação de nutrientes segue mecanismo similar que a entrada de água, e que pode ser acelerado usando ultrassom. Também, foi demonstrado que o ferro foi incorporado no cotilédone e no tegumento (em maior quantidade), e que este composto melhora o cozimento do feijão, porém prejudica a sua germinação. Em conclusão, o ultrassom pode ser usado para melhorar o processo de hidratação de grãos e para a incorporação de algum nutriente.

Os ácidos graxos trans competem com os ácidos graxos essenciais inibindo as enzimas envolvidas na síntese dos ácidos graxos polinsaturados de cadeia longa. Quantidades adequadas de ácidos graxos essenciais na dieta minimizam este efeito. No entanto, pouco se conhece da ação dos isômeros trans, sob condições de restrição ou deficiência dietética dos ácidos graxos essenciais, sobre o percentual de deposição tanto dos próprios isômeros trans, como dos ácidos graxos polinsaturados nos lipídios dos tecidos. Foram avaliadas dietas ricas em ácidos graxos trans e com diferentes concentrações de ácidos graxos essenciais em ratos. A incorporação de ambos foi proporcional à concentração na dieta, mas variou entre os tecidos estudados. Verificou-se que as quantidades de ácidos graxos trans incorporadas pelo tecido adiposo foi a maior, enquanto que o cérebro incorporou a menor quantidade. A despeito da incorporação dos ácidos graxos trans, o perfil de ácidos graxos do cérebro manteve-se estável em relação às variações dietéticas. Não se observou acúmulo dos ácidos graxos trans em função do prolongamento do consumo da dieta. Os ácidos graxos essenciais incorporados aos tecidos também foram modulados pela dieta, e em concentrações adequadas influenciaram na menor deposição dos isômeros trans no tecido adiposo, plasma e tecido cardíaco. Avaliando-se a composição dos ácidos graxos nos fosfolipídios do tecido cardíaco, observou-se que a fosfatidiletanolamina incorporou a maior porcentagem dos isômeros trans seguida da fosfatidilcolina e da cardiolipina, respectivamente. Embora tenha incorporado quantidades intermediárias dos ácidos graxos trans a fosfatidilcolina teve uma maior alteração no perfil de ácidos graxos em comparação aos demais. A reduzida concentração de ácidos graxos trans incorporados na cardiolipina das mitocôndrias e no cérebro sugere a existência de um mecanismo protetor para a manutenção da composição lipídica necessária às atividades funcionais. / Trans fatty acids compete with essential fatty acids inhibiting the enzymes of the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids synthesis. Appropriate amounts of dietary essential fatty acids minimize this effect. However, little is known about the action of trans isomers on the deposition percentage of these own trans isomers itself or as polyunsaturated fatty acids in tissue lipids, when under dietary restriction or deficiency conditions of essential fatty acids. Diets high in trans fatty acids and with different concentrations of essential fatty acids were assessed. The incorporation of trans isomers and of essential fatty acids was proportional to their dietary concentration, but varied among the tissues studied. It was verified that the adipose tissue incorporated the largest amount of trans fatty acids while the brain incorporated the smallest. In spite of the trans fatty acids incorporation, the profile of brain fatty acids was maintained stable in relation to dietary variations. No accumulative deposition of trans fatty acids was observed in relation to extended length of time of dietary consumption Essential fatty acids incorporated in tissues were also modulated by diet and in moderate concentrations influenced the lower deposition of trans isomers in adipose tissue, blood plasma and heart. By assessing fatty acids composition in phospholipids of heart, it was verified that phosphatidylethanolamine incorporated the largest percentage of trans isomers followed by phosphatidylcholine and cardiolipin, respectively. Phosphatidylcholine presented the greatest change in fatty acids profile when compared to the others phospholipids, although incorporating intermediate amounts of trans isomers. The reduced concentration of trans fatty acids incorporated in cardiolipin and brain suggests that there is a protector mechanism for maintenance of the lipids composition required for functional activities.