Ce travail est relatif à l’augmentation du courant de court-circuit du réseau électriqueportuaire alimentant le navire. Ceci passe par une modélisation des réseaux des charges, dutransformateur et enfin convertisseurs concernés. Munis de cette compréhension du système,diverses solutions à base d’électronique de puissance ou d’éléments passifs ont étéinvestiguées, simulées et évaluées à l’aune des performances exigées. Pour l’augmentation ducourant de court-circuit, un transformateur spécialement créé pour cette application à deuxenroulements primaires est proposé. L’esprit de la solution est de modifier la configuration dutransformateur au moment de la détection du court-circuit en modifiant son rapport detransformation. Un banc de test temps réel hybride a été architecturé afin de tester cettesolution. Les essais sur le banc de test ont permis d’obtenir des résultats satisfaisants etencourageants qui corroborent la théorie. Pour finir des études complémentaires, sousdifférents scenarii, ont été menées en simulation hors ligne. / This work is about the short-circuit current increase, inside the harbor’s electrical networkthat supplies the electrical grid of each vessel docked in port. We analyze the system’srequirements, the load demands, the transformer and finally the modeling of the convertersinvolved. Armed with this understanding of the system, various solutions like powerelectronics devices or passive equipments were investigated, simulated and evaluated in termsof performance requirements. To increase the short-circuit current, we provide a noveltransformer with two primary windings. The purpose of this solution is to change theconfiguration of the transformer when the short circuit is detected by changing thetransformation ratio. A real-time hybrid test bench has been build in order to test the solution.The real-time tests have yielded good and encouraging results, supporting the theory. Finally,further studies under various scenarios were conducted in offline simulations.

No description available.

Som skoglig sektorsmyndighet är det Skogsstyrelsens uppgift att omsätta regeringens skogspolitiska mål i praktiken. De behöver därför ha kunskap om deras arbete faktiskt ger effekter i skogsbruket. Ett verktyg för att undersöka effekter är utvärderingar. Genom en utvärdering kan Skogsstyrelsen se vilka effekterna är samt få ett underlag till att förändra och utveckla framtida projekt. Denna studie syftade till att utvärdera effekter hos deltagare avseende kunskapsinhämtning och användningsgrad samt deltagarnas upplevelse av vattenkvällarna i projektet Skogsbruk och vatten inom Landsbygdsprogrammet hos Skogsstyrelsen i Östergötland. Utvärderingen genomfördes som en kvantitativ intervjustudie genom telefonintervjuer med 50 deltagare från vattenkvällarna. Resultatet visade att informationen var lärorik och på en lagom nivå samt att muntlig information och praktiska förevisningar var de informationskällor som gav mest. Användningsgraden varierade beroende på hur mycket kunskap de hade sedan tidigare och om de har vattendrag på den egna fastigheten. Flertalet ansåg att det delvis skett en förändring av deras synsätt och framtida brukande av skog. Majoriteten hade ett bra helhetsintryck. / As the state authority of forestry the purpose of the Swedish Forest Agency is to transfer forest policy into practice. Therefore, it has to obtain knowledge of its efforts and their effects on forestry. A tool to measure such effects is evaluation. Through evaluating these effects the Swedish Forest Agency can develop and improve its future projects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the Forestry and Water project run by the Swedish Forest Agency in the district of Östergötland, supported by the Rural Development Program, on participants with respect to increased knowledge, usefulness and experience of the Water seminars. The evaluation was made as a quantitative interview study and data was gathered through phone interviews with 50 participants in the Water seminars. The results showed that the information was worthwhile and distributed at an appropriate level. Furthermore, oral presentations and practical advices were the most suitable way of gaining information. The usefulness varied among participants depending on previous knowledge as well as if they had waters on their own forestry properties. Several participants thought that the seminars to some degree had changed their approach and thoughts about future forestry. The general impression of the water seminars was good for a majority of the participants.

Annotation. This thesis presents some analysis of car braking process: a number of analythical formulas and graphic illustrations, discussion on different modes of braking, wider analysis of the main factors, having influence on the braking process. The main parameters and characteristic features, such as steady deceleration, driver’s reaction time, time of deceleration increase, restopping time and others, are also examined, values of most of them were specified during experimental research. A number of dependency graphs and numerical data, recommended for use in calculations performed during the examination of road accidents (and so improving the accuracy of the methods) was also presented.

The effect of water ingress in two pebble bed high temperature gas-cooled reactors i.e. the PBMR-200 MWthermal and the PBMR-400 MWthermal were simulated and compared using the VSOP 99/05 suite of codes. To investigate the effect of this event on reactivity, power profiles and thermal neutron flux profiles, the addition of partial steam vapour pressures in stages up to 400 bar into the primary circuit for the PBMR-400 and up to 300 bar for the PBMR- 200 was simulated for both reactors. During the simulation, three scenarios were simulated, i.e. water ingress into the core only, water ingress into the reflectors only and water ingress into both the core and reflectors. The induced reactivity change effects were compared for these reactors. An in-depth analysis was also carried out to study the mechanisms that drive the reactivity changes for each reactor caused by water ingress into the fuel core only, the riser tubes in the reflectors only and ingress into both the fuel core and the riser tubes in the reflectors. The knowledge gained of these mechanisms and effects was used in order to propose design changes aimed at mitigating the reactivity increases, caused by realistic water ingress scenarios. Past results from simulations of water ingress into Pebble Bed Reactors were used to validate and verify the present simulation approach and results. The reactivity increase results for both reactors were in agreement with the German HTR-Modul calculations. / Thesis (MSc (Engineering Sciences in Nuclear Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

The effect of water ingress in two pebble bed high temperature gas-cooled reactors i.e. the PBMR-200 MWthermal and the PBMR-400 MWthermal were simulated and compared using the VSOP 99/05 suite of codes. To investigate the effect of this event on reactivity, power profiles and thermal neutron flux profiles, the addition of partial steam vapour pressures in stages up to 400 bar into the primary circuit for the PBMR-400 and up to 300 bar for the PBMR- 200 was simulated for both reactors. During the simulation, three scenarios were simulated, i.e. water ingress into the core only, water ingress into the reflectors only and water ingress into both the core and reflectors. The induced reactivity change effects were compared for these reactors. An in-depth analysis was also carried out to study the mechanisms that drive the reactivity changes for each reactor caused by water ingress into the fuel core only, the riser tubes in the reflectors only and ingress into both the fuel core and the riser tubes in the reflectors. The knowledge gained of these mechanisms and effects was used in order to propose design changes aimed at mitigating the reactivity increases, caused by realistic water ingress scenarios. Past results from simulations of water ingress into Pebble Bed Reactors were used to validate and verify the present simulation approach and results. The reactivity increase results for both reactors were in agreement with the German HTR-Modul calculations. / Thesis (MSc (Engineering Sciences in Nuclear Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2017-12-19T14:19:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGEF17MA086.pdf: 1284817 bytes, checksum: 7ed61f4c9f53e5784be2456fd057c77f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-19T14:19:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGEF17MA086.pdf: 1284817 bytes, checksum: 7ed61f4c9f53e5784be2456fd057c77f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-28 / UNIEDU / FUMDES / A basic understanding of the structural dynamics of the forest, the morphometry of individuals, as well as their interdimensional relationships is required to guide quality management. The objectives of this work were to describe the dynamics of the diametric distribution in order to propose management interventions using the Liocourt quotient, to evaluate the morphometric relationships, to adjust equations for the relation between the maximum density of trees per hectare in relation to the crown variables and to verify if the average and periodic diameter increases of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol) Kuntze plus the diameter at breast height measured in 2012 are equivalent to the diameters at breast height remeasured in the year 2016. The data were collected in a fragment of A , and the mortality of 25 permanent sample units of 400 m², installed in the year of 2012, were measured in the year 2016. All the araucaria individuals were remeasured in the year of 2016. chest height, total height, crown insertion height, and four crown rays of all individuals with diameter a from 10 centimeters and 121 araucaria were obtained increment rolls. The cut intensity and cutting rate were also calculated for cutting cycles of 20, 25 and 30 years. The calculated morphometric indexes were: degree of slenderness, salience index, coverage index, formal crown and crown ratio. The canopy diameter, canopy competition factor, canopy area, crown volume and number of individuals per hectare were also calculated with the data set and for verifying the mean increments added with the diameter at height of the breast measured in 2012 were equivalent to the diameters of breast height measured in remeasurement was considering the average increment obtained from each tree in 2012 and the periodic increase. For the quotient of Liocourt was found the value of 1.32. The cutting rates were 44.89 m³ / ha, 63.64 m³ / ha and 86.52 m³ / ha for the cutting cycles of 20, 25 and 30 years respectively, in this way the potential volume of wood that can be from this fragment would bring economic, social and ecological benefits. The number of trees per diametric class correlated positively only with the degree of slenderness, and with the other variables the correlation was negative, reflecting the competition for light to which individuals are suffering. The results found for the Cup Competition Factor were higher than 95%, evidencing a high degree of soil cover in the crowns, where the maximum density per hectare considering crown surface area and crown volume was 171 trees for one average diameter of 32 cm. The calculation of the diameter at breast height performed through the diametric increment was similar to the measurement data of this variable obtained in the field, making it possible to use them to prognose the future diameters of araucaria trees / Para direcionar à um manejo de qualidade se faz necessário um conhecimento básico sobre a dinâmica estrutural da floresta, a morfometria dos indivíduos, bem como suas relações interdimensionais. Os objetivos do trabalho foram descrever a dinâmica da distribuição diamétrica a fim de propor intervenções de manejo utilizando-se o quociente de Liocourt, avaliar as relações morfométricas, ajustar equações para a relação entre a densidade máxima de árvores por hectare em relação às variáveis de copa e verificar se os incrementos diamétricos médios e periódicos de Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol) Kuntze somados com o diâmetro a altura do peito mensurado em 2012 são equivalentes aos diâmetros à altura do peito remedidos no ano de 2016. Os dados foram coletados em um fragmento de A. angustifolia de 84 ha em Lages, SC, sendo remedidos no ano de 2016 todos os indivíduos de araucária, os ingressos e verificado a ocorrência de mortalidade em 25 unidades amostrais permanentes de 400 m², instaladas no ano de 2012. Foram medidos o diâmetro à altura do peito, a altura total, altura de inserção de copa e quatro raios de copa de todos individuos com diâmetro a partir de 10 centimetros e de 121 araucárias obteve-se rolos de incremento. Também foram calculadas a intensidade de corte e a taxa de corte para ciclos de corte de 20, 25 e 30 anos. Os índices morfométricos calculados foram: grau de esbeltez, índice de saliência, índice de abrangência, formal de copa e proporção de copa. Com o conjunto de dados também foi calculado o diâmetro de copa, o fator de competição de copa, a área de superfície de copa, o volume de copa e número de indivíduos por hectare e para a verificação dos incrementos médios somados com o diâmetro a altura do peito mensurados em 2012 eram equivalentes aos diâmetros a altura do peito mensurados na remedição foi considerando o incremento médio obtido de cada árvore em 2012 e o incremento periódico. Para o quociente de Liocourt foi encontrado o valor de 1,32. As taxas de corte foram de 44,89 m³/ha, 63,64 m³/ha e 86,52 m³/ha para os ciclos de corte de 20, 25 e 30 anos respectivamente, dessa forma o volume potencial de madeira que pode ser retirado desse fragmento trariam benefícios econômicos, sociais e ecológicos. O número de árvores por classe diamétrica correlacionou-se positivamente somente com o grau de esbeltez, sendo que com as demais variáveis a correlação foi negativa, refletindo a concorrência por luz ao qual os indivíduos estão sofrendo. Os resultados encontrados para o Fator de Competição de Copa foi superior a 95% evidenciando um alto grau de cobertura do solo pelas copas, onde a densidade máxima por hectare considerando a área de superfície de copa e o volume de copa foi de 171 árvores para um diâmetro médio de 32 cm. O cálculo do diâmetro a altura do peito realizado através do incremento diamétrico foi similar aos dados de mensuração dessa variável obtidos a campo, tornando-se possível utiliza-los para prognose de diâmetros futuros das árvores de araucária

Ce travail est relatif à l’augmentation du courant de court-circuit du réseau électriqueportuaire alimentant le navire. Ceci passe par une modélisation des réseaux des charges, dutransformateur et enfin convertisseurs concernés. Munis de cette compréhension du système,diverses solutions à base d’électronique de puissance ou d’éléments passifs ont étéinvestiguées, simulées et évaluées à l’aune des performances exigées. Pour l’augmentation ducourant de court-circuit, un transformateur spécialement créé pour cette application à deuxenroulements primaires est proposé. L’esprit de la solution est de modifier la configuration dutransformateur au moment de la détection du court-circuit en modifiant son rapport detransformation. Un banc de test temps réel hybride a été architecturé afin de tester cettesolution. Les essais sur le banc de test ont permis d’obtenir des résultats satisfaisants etencourageants qui corroborent la théorie. Pour finir des études complémentaires, sousdifférents scenarii, ont été menées en simulation hors ligne. / This work is about the short-circuit current increase, inside the harbor’s electrical networkthat supplies the electrical grid of each vessel docked in port. We analyze the system’srequirements, the load demands, the transformer and finally the modeling of the convertersinvolved. Armed with this understanding of the system, various solutions like powerelectronics devices or passive equipments were investigated, simulated and evaluated in termsof performance requirements. To increase the short-circuit current, we provide a noveltransformer with two primary windings. The purpose of this solution is to change theconfiguration of the transformer when the short circuit is detected by changing thetransformation ratio. A real-time hybrid test bench has been build in order to test the solution.The real-time tests have yielded good and encouraging results, supporting the theory. Finally,further studies under various scenarios were conducted in offline simulations.

La crise financière des subprimes confirme l'importance, pour les banques, de disposer de capitaux propres suffisants afin de répondre aux aléas économiques et aux risques opérationnels, et d'assurer leur solvabilité. Se pose, désormais, la question de la flexibilité et de son utilisation dans le secteur bancaire. Il se trouve qu'une meilleure capitalisation permet de capturer des opportunités et d'exercer des options de croissance. D'ailleurs, les évolutions récentes (crises, consolidation, croissance, etc.) démontrent l'importance de la valeur financière de la flexibilité. Ces deux aspects classiques en finance d'entreprise prennent une tournure spécifique en fonction de l'environnement réglementaire et opérationnel de l'activité bancaire.Les résultats dégagés de nos études nous permettent de nous prononcer sur le rôle primordial des flexibilités et performance financières dans le processus de création de valeur dans la banque. En outre, ces résultats ont montré qu’un niveau des fonds propres supérieur au minimum exigé est bénéfique et contribuait, dans certaines conditions, à améliorer la valeur boursière des banques systémiques. Celles-ci sont amenées à investir plus dans la flexibilité financière versus coussins de sécurité. Des telles banques n’auront pas besoin de faire appel aux marchés en cas de détresse financière. Toutefois, tout changement de la structure financière par augmentation de capital est accueilli négativement par les marchés. En revanche, les investisseurs réagissent différemment à l'annonce des augmentations de capital, selon les motivations annoncées. / The subprime financial crisis confirms the importance for banks to have sufficient equity to meet the economic uncertainties and operational risks and to ensure their solvency. In this context arises the question of flexibility and its use in banking. It appears that a better capitalization allows capturing opportunities and open options for growth. Moreover, recent developments (crises, consolidation, growth, etc.) demonstrate the importance of the financial value of flexibility. These two classical aspects in corporate finance take a specific twist according to the regulatory and operating environment of the banking sector.The results that emerged from our studies allow us to comment on the essential role of the flexibility and financial performance in the value creation process in banks. In addition, these results showed that a higher level of shareholders’ equity, than the minimum required, is beneficial and contributed, under certain conditions, to improve the market value of systemic banks. The systemic banks are forced to invest more in financial flexibility according to capital buffers. Such banks will not need to seek for help from markets when in financial distress. However, any change in the financial structure through the capital increase is regarded negatively by the markets. But, investors react differently to the announcement of the capital increase, according to the announced motivations.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-10-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:32:05Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 tessari_lm_me_rcla.pdf: 2300652 bytes, checksum: 3d573a7852b834abd65426990b70d199 (MD5) / Secretaria Estadual de Educação do Estado de São Paulo / A presente pesquisa analisa e compreende a formação do processo de conurbação em uma aglomeração não-metropolitana no interior paulista, tendo como estudo de caso, as cidades de Araraquara e Américo Brasiliense. O processo de concentração populacional e ação dos diversos agentes produtores do espaço urbano propiciaram a expansão dos tecidos urbanos, favorecendo o processo de conurbação. Para a execução dessa pesquisa foi necessário: levantamento bibliográfico a respeito dos temas propostos, em especial o da conurbação, em periódicos, livros, anais de congressos e outros; levantamento de campo (entrevistas e levantamento cartográfico); coleta de dados estatísticos em fontes oficiais de dados como o IBGE, a Fundação SEADE e as prefeituras das cidades acima citadas. O processo de conurbação teve início a partir da década de 1990, resultado de uma somatória de fenômenos produzidos em décadas anteriores, em especial excessivos números de lotes em Araraquara, produzindo vazios urbanos e canalizando parte da população para Américo Brasiliense em busca de lotes mais acessíveis devido à valorização dessas áreas. / This research intends to analyze and understand the conurbation process Araraquara and Américo Brasiliense towns, a non-metropolitan in the interior of Sao Paulo state. The process of population concentration and action of various urban space developers favored the expansion of urban fabrics, promoting the conurbation process. For the realization of this research it was necessary the following: bibliographic survey on preferable themes, especially that of conurbation; field survey including interviws and cartographic survey; static data collection instituional agencies such as IBGE, SEADE and the above quoted local governments. The process of the conurbation had begun in the 1990 decade, as a result of a set of phenomena in former decades, especially the excessive numbers of allotments in Araraquara, producing idle urban spaces and canalizing part of population to Américo Brasiliense, in search of affordable plots of land due to the valorization of those areas.