Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:53:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GILDA APARECIDA NASCIMENTO NUNES.pdf: 1762887 bytes, checksum: 286a53fd08dd738c5d5579d1b5267efe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-13 / This dissertation presents the results of a research that aims to understand the meanings that children, subject of this research, attach to Full Time School. The method that guided this research was dialectic historical materialism and the methodology used was qualitative approach. The empirical research was carried out aided by differents instruments that enabled build zones on this sense of reality, like: observation, document analysis and conversations circles with children. To hold the conversation circles students photographed and drew their families, spaces, environments and they school activities. To build our analysis on this complex reality, at first discussed the historical construction of the concept of childhood. In this work, we take the concept of childhood as a construct historical and social, since the ways in which it is experienced, throughout history, in different societies were mediated by the economic, social and political with determined ways by people who organize themselves in production of their survival. From there, we reflect about the concept the increase of daily school hours education and Full Time School. Therefore, we analyzed the school education in the beginning of XX century and the main experiences on Full Time School in Brazil and recent experience on State Schools in Goiás. For us Full Time School does not imply that it has comprehensive education. We support the concept of full time education as the formation of the human being in all their aspects, is not characterized by the formation in compliance with the minimum needs of the individual. With this theoretical foundations, we analyze the significance and meanings attributed by children to Full Time School, obtained in field research done in a Full Time School at the State of Goiás, in the city of Ceres. For this analysis, we chose the categories: the task, the court and lunch, supporting us in the speeches, photographs and drawings made by the children. The final considerations presented in this study aim to contribute to the discussion about the direction the Full Time School has for the child, we do not intend, however, exhaust the discussions that permeate this topic. / A presente dissertação apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que buscou compreender os sentidos e significados que as crianças, sujeitos desta pesquisa, atribuem à Escola de Tempo Integral. O método que orientou este trabalho foi o materialismo histórico dialético e a metodologia utilizada foi à abordagem qualitativa. A investigação empírica realizou-se auxiliada por instrumentos diversificados que possibilitaram construir zonas de sentido acerca desta realidade, como: observação, análise documental e rodas de conversa com as crianças. Para a realização das rodas de conversa, os alunos fotografaram e desenharam suas famílias, os espaços, os ambientes e as atividades que realizam na escola. Para fundamentar as análises acerca desta complexa realidade, inicialmente discutiu-se a construção histórica da concepção de infância. Neste trabalho, assumiu-se a concepção de infância como constructo histórico e social, visto que as maneiras pelas quais ela é vivenciada, ao longo da história, em diferentes sociedades, é mediada pelas condições econômicas, sociais e políticas determinadas pelos modos que as pessoas se organizam na produção de sua sobrevivência. Assim, refletiu-se acerca da concepção de educação integral e de escola de tempo integral. Para tanto, analisouse a educação escolar no início do século XX, as principais experiências de escola de tempo integral no Brasil e a recente experiência na Rede Estadual de Ensino de Goiás. A escola de tempo integral não pressupõe que se tenha educação integral. Defende-se a concepção de educação integral como a formação do ser humano em todos os seus aspectos, que não se caracteriza pela formação em atendimento às necessidades mínimas do indivíduo. Com esta fundamentação teórica, foram analisados os significados e sentidos atribuídos pelas crianças à escola de tempo integral, obtidas na pesquisa de campo realizada em uma Escola de Tempo Integral da Rede Estadual de Goiás, situada na cidade de Ceres. Para essa análise, elegeu-se como categorias: a tarefa, a quadra e o almoço, apoiando-se nas falas, desenhos e fotografias feitas pelas crianças. As considerações finais apresentadas no estudo pretendem contribuir para a discussão sobre o sentido que a escola de tempo integral tem para a criança, sem esgotar as discussões que emergem sobre esse tema. Para as crianças, a escola de tempo integral é o lugar da tarefa e da cópia, mas também da brincadeira, de alimentar-se, de encontrar-se com os colegas e estabelecer a amizade entre eles. Sendo assim, considera-se que, para eles, a escola cumpre, em parte, a sua função social. No entanto, necessita de propostas pedagógicas, espaços adequados, tempos, rotinas e metodologias, que integrem os conhecimentos e as formas em desenvolvê-los.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T20:31:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANDRELIZA Souza.pdf: 2141087 bytes, checksum: e25275baed25037cc6d01d0c824dac6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Today's society has different ways to solve historical problems, and, in the current on text, the discussions of affirmative action policies are targeted by different approaches and perspectives. This research conducts an evaluation of the quota policy of the State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG) for the period 2007 to 2010. The objective was to verify of the effectiveness of the quota policy regarding favoring the expansion of access to university for black students from public schools and students from public schools. The first chapter included the theoretical foundation of this work, with contributions from Bourdieu (2004,2009, 2010a, 2010b, 2010c, 2010d) and Bourdieu and Passeron (2008) on the theory of symbolic violence and the reproduction of inequalities within the social and education system.Based on studies of Bobbio (2000), Bobbio, Matteucci and Pasquino (2008) and Crahay (2002), the concepts of democracy, equality and social justice were also treated as fundamental elements for the study of the quota policy. To further the understanding of evaluation and evaluation of public policies, the second chapter brings contributions from Dias Sobrinho (2003; 2004), Arretche (2001; 2007), and Belloni, Magallhães and Souza (2001).This chapter also deals with the sociological focus on the evaluation, proposed by Afonso (2007, 2009). The research was a qualitative case study (ANDRE, 2005; YIN, 2005),and the critical approach was adopted as a methodological option for the research. The instruments chosen for the collection of empirical data were interviews and questionnaires.For empirical data, the methodology of the Collective Subject Discourse of Lefèvre and Lefèvre (2005a, 2005b, 2010) was used, which enabled the construction of summarydiscourses,resulted from the reports of subjects in the research. Institutional documents and the empirical data were analyzed in the third chapter and elucidated how the process of implementing the policy was performed. Although the attempted reproduction of inequalities is perceived and confirmed within the institution, the movement to overcome the social and educational inequalities by the views of education exists, as stated by Cury (1995; 2002). The research allows us to affirm that the policy of quota in UEPG is effective in some aspects and can highlight: a) democratization of access to a portion of previously excluded students in university; b) increase the rates of admission and decreased dropout of quota students during the four year duration of the quota policy; c) proof that the admission through the quota policy does not result in low academic performance. In other aspects, the policy deserves attention from its implementers, due to factors such as: a) discrimination on black quota students; b)absence of a monitoring system for the student from different quota types; c) unsatisfactory conditions for the permanence of quota students. The quota policy of UEPG is valid for eight years and this evaluation, performed during its lifetime, confirms the importance of monitoring the implementation of public policies as a necessary instrument for the exercise of democracy. / A sociedade hodierna aponta caminhos diferentes para a resolução de problemas históricos, sendo as políticas afirmativas alvo de discussões sob diferentes enfoques e perspectivas no contexto atual. Esta pesquisa realiza uma avaliação da política de cotas da Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG) referente ao período de 2007 a 2010. Objetivou-se realizar uma avaliação da efetividade da política quanto ao favorecimento da ampliação do acesso ao ensino superior para estudantes negros oriundos de escolas públicas e estudantes oriundos de escolas públicas. O primeiro capítulo contemplou a fundamentação teórica do trabalho, com as contribuições de Bourdieu (2004; 2009; 2010a; 2010b; 2010c; 2010d) e Bourdieu e Passeron (2008) sobre a teoria da violência simbólica e a reprodução das desigualdades dentro do sistema social e educacional. Foram ainda tratados os conceitos de democracia, igualdade e justiça social como elementos fundamentais para o estudo da política de cotas, com base nos estudos de Bobbio (2000), Bobbio, Matteucci e Pasquino (2008) e Crahay (2002). Para aprofundar o entendimento sobre avaliação e avaliação de políticas públicas, o segundo capítulo traz contribuições de Dias Sobrinho (2003; 2004), Arretche (2001; 2007) e Belloni, Magalhães e Souza (2001). Este capítulo trata ainda sobre o enfoque sociológico da avaliação, proposta por Afonso (2007; 2009). A pesquisa foi qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso (ANDRÉ, 2005; YIN, 2005), e a abordagem crítica foi adotada como opção metodológica para realização da pesquisa. Os instrumentos escolhidos para a coleta dos dados empíricos foram a entrevista e o questionário. Para análise dos dados empíricos utilizou-se a metodologia do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, de Lefèvre e Lefèvre (2005a; 2005b; 2010), que possibilitou a construção dos discursos- síntese, resultado dos depoimentos dos sujeitos participantes da pesquisa. À luz do referencial teórico, os documentos institucionais e os dados empíricos foram analisados no terceiro capítulo e permitiram conhecer como foi o processo de implantação da política. Embora a tentativa de reprodução das desigualdades seja percebida e confirmada dentro da instituição, há a existência do movimento de superação das desigualdades sociais e educacionais pelo viés da educação, como afirma Cury (1995; 2002). A pesquisa permite afirmar que a política de cotas da UEPG, em alguns aspectos, é efetiva, podendo destacar: a) democratização do acesso para uma parcela de estudantes antes excluídos do ensino superior; b) elevação dos índices de ingresso e diminuição da evasão de estudantes cotistas durante os quatro anos de duração da política; c) comprovação de que o ingresso através das cotas não acarreta baixo rendimento acadêmico. Já em outros aspectos, a política merece atenção por parte de seus implementadores, devido a fatores como: a) discriminação com estudantes cotistas negros; b) inexistência de um sistema de acompanhamento diferenciado para o estudante cotista; c) falta de condições satisfatórias à permanência destes estudantes. A política de cotas da UEPG tem vigência de oitos anos e esta avaliação, realizada durante o seu período de vigência, confirma a importância do acompanhamento da implementação de políticas públicas como instrumento necessário para o exercício da democracia.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-02-01T12:34:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mozarth Bielecki Wierzchowski_.pdf: 1523795 bytes, checksum: c9385e9be276a38848998bb2eca15bc8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-01T12:34:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mozarth Bielecki Wierzchowski_.pdf: 1523795 bytes, checksum: c9385e9be276a38848998bb2eca15bc8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-10 / Nenhuma / O objetivo do presente trabalho é estabelecer o conceito constitucional de renda aplicável às pessoas jurídicas, tendo em vista a lacuna deixada pelo Texto Constitucional, que não traz expressamente essa conceituação. E para tornar isso possível, serão averiguados os princípios constitucionais tributários gerais (legalidade, irretroatividade, anterioridade, não-confisco e capacidade contributiva), os específicos a esse imposto (generalidade, universalidade e progressividade), como também haverá a análise da regra-matriz de incidência tributária. Será realizado o estudo desde o surgimento do imposto de renda na Inglaterra até a sua chegada ao Brasil e a sua atual previsão contida na Constituição Federal de 1988. Outrossim, traçando um paralelo com a previsão contida em nosso Ordenamento Jurídico, haverá a investigação de qual é o tratamento dispensado por outros países a esse imposto. Com o exame dos lucros real, presumido e arbitrado, serão verificadas as diretrizes contábeis utilizadas para apuração do lucro tributável da empresa, com a dedução das despesas e dos custos, consoante previsão contida na legislação. Também será realizada a pesquisa da recepção pela Constituição Federal de 1988 das previsões contidas no Código Tributário Nacional a respeito do imposto de renda, vez que esta legislação é anterior ao Texto Constitucional. Com a averiguação da possibilidade da utilização desse tributo com caráter extrafiscal, propõe-se a estudar maneiras pelas quais o imposto de renda pode auxiliar na busca pela realização dos direitos fundamentais. Por fim, serão analisadas situações específicas em que a legislação acaba desrespeitando o conceito de renda previsto na Constituição, tributando operações que não estão sujeitas ao imposto de renda. / The purpose of this paper is to establish the constitutional concept of income applicable to legal entities, given the gap left by the Constitutional Text, which does not expressly express this concept. In order to make this possible, the general tax constitutional principles (legality, non-retroactivity, pastness, non-confiscation and contributory capacity), those specific to this tax (generality, universality and progressivity) will be investigated, as will the analysis of the matrix rule Of tax incidence. The study will be carried out from the beginning of the income tax in England until its arrival in Brazil and its current forecast contained in the Federal Constitution of 1988. Also, drawing a parallel with the forecast contained in our Legal Order, there will be the investigation of which Is the treatment accorded by other countries to this tax. With the examination of actual, presumed and arbitrated profits, the accounting guidelines used to calculate the company's taxable income will be verified, with the deduction of expenses and costs, according to the provisions contained in the legislation. Also there will be a research of the reception by the 1988 Federal Constitution of the forecasts contained in the National Tax Code regarding income tax, since this legislation is prior to the Constitutional Text. With the investigation of the possibility of using this extra-fiscal tax, it is proposed to study ways in which income tax can help in the search for the realization of fundamental rights. Finally, we will analyze specific situations in which the legislation ends up disrespecting the concept of income provided for in the Constitution, taxing operations that are not subject to income tax.

Summary: Increase and reduction of the registered capital of a limited liability company This work deals with increase and reduction of registered capital of limited lability company. The introductory chapter includes a brief historical development of regulation of limited liability company. This chapter also comprises a basic features of a limited liability company as a type of corporation, including a description of the basic structure of company. It describes the basic differences between the regulation of limited liability and joint stock companies. The thesis deals with the concept of registered capital and its prospective changes with the amendment of memorandum of association. The following chapters are the key ones and comprises detailed analysis of current regulation of increase of the registered capital and its reduction contained in the Commercial Code. The thesis describes the distinction of effective and nominal increase of registered capital, the admissibility of the increase of registered capital, preferential right of shareholders to participate in the capital increase, general meetings, monetary and non-monetary contributions and other issues with an increase in capital related. The next chapter is the analysis of the regulation of reduction of registered capital, focusing primarily on the...

CO2 sequestration is a promising strategy to reduce the emissions of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, to enhance hydrocarbon production, and/or to extract geothermal heat. The target formations can be deep saline aquifers, abandoned or depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, and/or coal bed seams or even deep oceanic waters. Thus, the potential formations for CO2 sequestration and EOR (enhanced oil recovery) projects can vary broadly in pressure and temperature conditions from deep and cold where CO2 can exist in a liquid state to shallow and warm where CO2 can exist in a gaseous state, and to deep and hot where CO2 can exist in a supercritical state. The injection, transport and displacement of CO2 in these formations involves the flow of CO2 in subsurface rocks which already contain water and/or oil, i.e. multiphase flow occurs. Deepening our understanding about multiphase flow characteristics will help us building models that can predict multiphase flow behaviour, designing sequestration and EOR programmes, and selecting appropriate formations for CO2 sequestration more accurately. However, multiphase flow in porous media is a complex process and mainly governed by the interfacial interactions between the injected CO2, formation water, and formation rock in host formation (e.g. interfacial tension, wettability, capillarity, and mass transfer across the interface), and by the capillary , viscous, buoyant, gravity, diffusive, and inertial forces; some of these forces can be neglected based on the rock-fluid properties and the configuration of the model investigated. The most influential forces are the capillary ones as they are responsible for the entrapment of about 70% of the total oil in place, which is left behind primary and secondary production processes. During CO2 injection in subsurface formations, at early stages, most of the injected CO2 (as a non-wetting phase) will displace the formation water/oil (as a wetting phase) in a drainage immiscible displacement. Later, the formation water/oil will push back the injected CO2 in an imbibition displacement. Generally, the main concern for most of the CO2 sequestration projects is the storage capacity and the security of the target formations, which directly influenced by the dynamic of CO2 flow within these formations. Any change in the state of the injected CO2 as well as the subsurface conditions (e.g. pressure, temperature, injection rate and its duration), properties of the injected and present fluids (e.g. brine composition and concentration, and viscosity and density), and properties of the rock formation (e.g. mineral composition, pore size distribution, porosity, permeability, and wettability) will have a direct impact on the interfacial interactions, capillary forces and viscous forces, which, in turn, will have a direct influence on the injection, displacement, migration, storage capacity and integrity of CO2. Nevertheless, despite their high importance, investigations have widely overlooked the impact of CO2 the phase as well as the operational conditions on multiphase characteristics during CO2 geo-sequestration and CO2 enhanced oil recovery processes. In this PhD project, unsteady-state drainage and imbibition investigations have been performed under a gaseous, liquid, or supercritical CO2 condition to evaluate the significance of the effects that a number of important parameters (namely CO2 phase, fluid pressure, temperature, salinity, and CO2 injection rate) can have on the multiphase flow characteristics (such as differential pressure profile, production profile, displacement efficiency, and endpoint CO2 effective (relative) permeability). The study sheds more light on the impact of capillary and viscous forces on multiphase flow characteristics and shows the conditions when capillary or viscous forces dominate the flow. Up to date, there has been no such experimental data presented in the literature on the potential effects of these parameters on the multiphase flow characteristics when CO2 is injected into a gaseous, liquid, or supercritical state. The first main part of this research deals with gaseous, liquid, and supercritical CO2- water/brine drainage displacements. These displacements have been conducted by injecting CO2 into a water or brine-saturated sandstone core sample under either a gaseous, liquid or supercritical state. The results reveal a moderate to considerable impact of the fluid pressure, temperature, salinity and injection rate on the differential pressure profile, production profile, displacement efficiency, and endpoint CO2 effective (relative) permeability). The results show that the extent and the trend of the impact depend significantly on the state of the injected CO2. For gaseous CO2-water drainage displacements, the results showed that the extent of the impact of the experimental temperature and CO2 injection rate on multiphase flow characteristics, i.e. the differential pressure profile, production profile (i.e. cumulative produced volumes), endpoint relative permeability of CO2 (KrCO2) and residual water saturation (Swr) is a function of the associated fluid pressure. This indicates that for formations where CO2 can exist in a gaseous state, fluid pressure has more influence on multiphase flow characteristics in comparison to other parameters investigated. Overall, the increase in fluid pressure (40-70 bar), temperature (29-45 °C), and CO2 injection rate (0.1-2 ml/min) caused an increase in the differential pressure. The increase in differential pressure with increasing fluid pressure and injection rate indicate that viscous forces dominate the multi-phase flow. Nevertheless, increasing the differential pressure with temperature indicates that capillary forces dominate the multi-phase flow as viscous forces are expected to decrease with this increasing temperature. Capillary forces have a direct impact on the entry pressure and capillary number. Therefore, reducing the impact of capillary forces with increasing pressure and injection rate can ease the upward migration of CO2 (thereby, affecting the storage capacity and integrity of the sequestered CO2) and enhance displacement efficiency. On the other hand, increasing the impact of the capillary force with increasing temperature can result in a more secure storage of CO2 and a reduction in the displacement efficiency. Nevertheless, the change in pressure and temperature can also have a direct impact on storage capacity and security of CO2 due to their impact on density and hence on buoyancy forces. Thus, in order to decide the extent of change in storage capacity and security of CO2 with the change in the above-investigated parameters, a qualitative study is required to determine the size of the change in both capillary forces and buoyancy forces. The data showed a significant influence of the capillary forces on the pressure and production profiles. The capillary forces produced high oscillations in the pressure and production profiles while the increase in viscous forces impeded the appearance of these oscillations. The appearance and frequency of these oscillations depend on the fluid pressure, temperature, and CO2 injection rate but to different extents. The appearance of the oscillations can increase CO2 residual saturation due to the re-imbibition process accompanied with these oscillations, thereby increasing storage capacity and integrity of the injected CO2. The differential pressure required to open the blocked flow channels during these oscillations can be useful in calculating the largest effective pore diameters and hence the sealing efficiency of the rock. Swr was in ranges of 0.38-0.42 while KrCO2 was found to be less than 0.25 under our experimental conditions. Increasing fluid pressure, temperature, and CO2 injection rate resulted in an increase in the KrCO2, displacement efficiency (i.e. a reduction in the Swr), and cumulative produced volumes. For liquid CO2-water drainage displacements, the increase in fluid pressure (60-70 bar), CO2 injection rate (0.4-1ml/min) and salinity (1% NaCl, 5% NaCl, and 1% CaCl2) generated an increase in the differential pressure; the highest increase occurred with increasing the injection rate and the lowest with increasing the salinity. On the other hand, on the whole, increasing temperature (20-29 °C) led to a reduction in the differential pressure apart from the gradual increase occurred at the end of flooding.

Procedimentos analíticos limpos e com alta sensibilidade foram desenvolvidos para a determinação de espécies de interesse ambiental (carbaril, sulfato e cloro livre). Os procedimentos foram baseados no acoplamento de sistemas de análises em fluxo com microbombas solenoides à espectrofotometria com longo caminho óptico ou em procedimentos de extração em ponto nuvem, visando a concentração das espécies de interesse sem o emprego de solventes tóxicos. A determinação de carbaril em águas naturais foi baseada em uma dupla extração em ponto nuvem: uma etapa de clean-up para a remoção de substâncias orgânicas interferentes e outra de pré-concentração do indofenol formado na reação com a forma oxidada do p-aminofenol. Resposta linear foi observada entre 10 e 500 µg L-1, com absortividade molar aparente estimada em 4,6x105 L mol-1 cm-1. O limite de detecção foi estimado em 7 µg L-1 e coeficiente de variação em 3,4% (n = 8). Recuperações entre 91 e 99% foram estimadas para adições de carbaril em amostras de águas naturais. Uma cela simples e de baixo custo com 30 cm de caminho óptico foi construída para medidas espectrofotométricas. A cela apresenta características desejáveis como baixa atenuação do feixe de radiação e volume interno (75 µL) comparável a de uma cela convencional. O desempenho da cela foi avaliado na determinação de fosfato utilizando o método azul de molibdênio com resposta linear obtida entre 0,05 e 0,8 mg L-1 de fosfato (r = 0,999). O aumento na sensibilidade (30,4 vezes) em comparação com o obtido com uma cela de fluxo convencional de 1 cm está de acordo com o estimado pela lei de Lambert-Beer. A formação do indofenol foi também explorada para a determinação de carbaril no procedimento em fluxo com celas de 30 e 100 cm. Respostas lineares; limite de detecção e coeficiente de variação foram estimados entre 50 - 750 e 5 - 200 µg L-1; 4,0 e 1,7 µg L-1 e 2,3 e 0,7%, respectivamente, para as celas de 30 e 100 cm. O procedimento proposto foi seletivo para a determinação de carbaril, sem interferências de outros pesticidas carbamatos. O resíduo gerado foi tratado com persulfato de potássio e irradiação ultravioleta, com redução de 94% do carbono orgânico total, não sendo o resíduo degradado considerado tóxico, frente às bactérias Vibrio-fischeri. A determinação de sulfato foi baseada em medidas turbidimétricas com cela de fluxo de 1 cm, com resposta linear observada entre 20 - 200 mg L-1. Deriva de linha base não foi observada em função do fluxo pulsado gerado pelas microbombas solenoides. O limite de detecção e o coeficiente de variação (n = 20) foram estimados em 3 mg L-1 e 2,4%, respectivamente, com frequência de amostragem de 33 determinações por hora. Para aumentar a sensibilidade, uma cela de fluxo de 100 cm foi empregada e deriva de linha base foi evitada utilizando uma etapa de limpeza periódica com EDTA em meio alcalino. Resposta linear foi observada entre 7 - 16 mg L-1 com limite de detecção de 150 µg L-1 e coeficiente de variação de 3,0% (n = 20). A frequência de amostragem foi estimada em 25 determinações por hora. Resultados obtidos para amostras de águas naturais e de chuva foram concordantes a nível de confiança de 95% com o procedimento turbidimétrico em batelada. A determinação de cloro livre em águas naturais e de torneira foi baseada na reação com N,N-dietil-p-fenilenodiamina, com resposta linear entre 5 e 100 µg L-1 de hipoclorito e limite de detecção e coeficiente de variação estimados em 0,23 µg L-1 e 3,4%, respectivamente. A frequência de amostragem foi estimada em 58 determinações por hora. / Clean analytical procedures with high sensitivity for the determination of species of environmental interest (carbaryl, sulphate and chlorine) were developed. Flow systems with solenoid micropumps were coupled to long optical pathlength spectrophotometry or cloud point extraction procedures, aiming the concentration of species for determination without employing toxic solvents. Carbaryl determination in natural waters was based on a double cloud point extraction: a clean-up step for removal of interfering organic species and pre-concentration of the indophenol blue, formed in the reaction with the oxidized of p-aminophenol. Linear response was observed between 10 and 50 µg L-1, with apparent molar absortivity estimated as 4.6x105 L mol-1 cm-1. Detection limit was estimated as 7 mg L-1 and the coefficient of variation as 3.4% (n = 8). Recoveries between 91 and 99% were obtained for carbaryl spiked to natural waters. A simple and low cost flow cell with 30 cm optical path was constructed for spectrophotometric measurements. The cell shows desirable characteristics such as reduced attenuation of the radiation beam and internal volume (75 µL) comparable to conventional flow cells. The performance was evaluated by phosphate determination by the molibdenium blue method, with linear response between 0.05 and 0.8 mg L-1 of phosphate (r = 0.999). The increase in sensitivity (30.4 fold) in comparison to the obtained with a conventional 1 cm optical path flow cell agreed to theoretical value estimated by the Lambert-Beer law. The determination of carbaryl was also carried out in a flow system coupled to 30 and 100 cm optical path flow cells, also exploiting the formation of indophenol compound. Linear responses, detection limits and coefficients of variation were 50 - 750 and 5 - 200 µg L-1;4.0 and 1.7 µg L-1 and 2.3 and 0.7%, respectively, for 30 and 100 cm cells. The proposed procedure was selective for the determination of carbaryl, without interferences of other carbamate pesticides. The waste of the analytical procedure was treated with potassium persulphate and ultraviolet irradiation, with decrease of 94% of total organic carbon. The residue after treatment was not toxic for Vibrio-fischeri bacteria. Sulphate determination was based on turbidimetric measurements with 1-cm flow cell, with linear response between 20 and 200 mg L-1. Baseline drift was avoided in view of the pulsed flow related to the solenoid micropumps. The detection limit and the coefficient of variation were estimated as 3 mg L-11 and 2.4%, respectively, for a sampling rate of 33 determinations per hour. Aiming the increase in sensitivity, a 100 cm optical path flow cell was employed and baseline drift was avoided with a washing, step employing EDTA in alkaline medium. Linear response was observed between 7 - 16 mg L-1, with a detection limit of 150 µg L-1, coefficient of variation of 3.0% (n = 20) and sampling rate of 25 determinations per hour. Results obtained natural and rain for water samples agreed at 95% confidence level with the batch turbidimetric procedure. The determination of free chlorine in natural and tap waters was based on the reaction with N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine, with linear response between 5 and 100 µg L-1, and detection limit and coefficient of variation estimated as 0.23 µg L-1 and 3.4%, respectively. Sampling rate was estimated as 58 determinations per hour.

Final work on the topic Specific educational needs of visually impaired teachers in the framework of further professional education with a focus on needs and possibilities related with lifetime education of visually impaired teachers in the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. Theoretical part is focused on disabilited people - people with visual impairment - support, rehabilitation and usage of compensation aids. Furthermore, it maps the social system of services that are grouped together and are helping to people with visual impairment. The key topic is the education system in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. Practical part analyzes possibilities of further professional education of visually impaired pedagogical workers and it aspires for the identification of needs and current offer of this education to be realized. Through the research interview were searched needs and possibilities of the market with another education for specific target group of visual impairment people. KEYWORDS Lifelong learning, continuing vocational education, compensation aids, blind people, educator, professional growth, school, educational needs, visually impaired.

It has been slightly more than a decade since Asperger syndrome was recognized as a distinct sub-category of autism disorder and was first given a diagnostic category in the DSM-IV. An abundance of suggestions, ideas, and recommendations for treatment have been offered, yet there is only a limited amount of research that empirically evaluates these interventions. This study explores an intervention, the Power Card Strategy (PCS), previously demonstrated to be effective with improving social behaviors with a young girl with autism, by employing the student's area of special interest. An advantage to this intervention is it is relatively easy to implement, requires minimal time, and the cost is virtually nil. This study used a reversal design to investigate the utility of the Power Card Strategy to increase on-task behavior during teacher-directed math instruction in a general education class. The results of this study suggest that the PCS was effective for increasing on-task behavior with this student. An upward trend was observed in the student's on-task behavior during the intervention condition. Upon return to the baseline condition, the student's on-task behavior stabilized at levels observed during intervention, suggesting that skills acquired during the intervention phase maintained.

<p>Detta är ett naturvetenskapligt arbete som omfattas både av en kvantitativ och en kvalitativ undersökning. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka mellanskarvens födoval i sjön Sommen, samt att närmare studera huruvida det unika beståndet av röding och öring ingår i mellanskarvens födoval. Sommens Fiskevårdsområde har fått tillstånd till skyddsjakt på mellanskarv av Länsstyrelsen och det främsta skälet skulle vara att fågeln prederar röding och öring. Genom att analysera mellanskarvens spyboll och jämföra innehållet med referensfiskar fångade från samma sjö ska vi se om beslutet från Länsstyrelsen är befogat. Insamling av spybollar och referensfiskar utfördes i fält medan analys av spybollar utfördes på laboratorium. I resultatet av undersökningen konstaterades att mellanskarven i Sommen nästan uteslutande äter abborre. I de analyserade spybollarna som omfattas av denna undersökning återfanns inte röding och öring. Detta skulle innebära att Länsstyrelsens beslut om skyddsjakt på mellanskarv i Sommen p.g.a. predation av röding och öring inte är befogad.</p>

Detta är ett naturvetenskapligt arbete som omfattas både av en kvantitativ och en kvalitativ undersökning. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka mellanskarvens födoval i sjön Sommen, samt att närmare studera huruvida det unika beståndet av röding och öring ingår i mellanskarvens födoval. Sommens Fiskevårdsområde har fått tillstånd till skyddsjakt på mellanskarv av Länsstyrelsen och det främsta skälet skulle vara att fågeln prederar röding och öring. Genom att analysera mellanskarvens spyboll och jämföra innehållet med referensfiskar fångade från samma sjö ska vi se om beslutet från Länsstyrelsen är befogat. Insamling av spybollar och referensfiskar utfördes i fält medan analys av spybollar utfördes på laboratorium. I resultatet av undersökningen konstaterades att mellanskarven i Sommen nästan uteslutande äter abborre. I de analyserade spybollarna som omfattas av denna undersökning återfanns inte röding och öring. Detta skulle innebära att Länsstyrelsens beslut om skyddsjakt på mellanskarv i Sommen p.g.a. predation av röding och öring inte är befogad.