Objetivos: avaliar a qualidade da prescrição de medicamentos por meio de indicadores; investigar a adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso, a complexidade da prescrição e o nível de conhecimento da prescrição dos usuários do Programa de Saúde da Família; avaliar a qualidade de vida dos componentes da amostra. Método: a pesquisa seguiu o modelo de estudo transversal, através de um questionário aplicado a 336 usuários do Programa de Saúde da Família. Resultados: dos 336 entrevistados, 320 mostraram a prescrição médica. 36,6% das prescrições continham mais de um medicamento para tratar a mesma doença, 9,0% delas continham medicamentos da mesma classe farmacológica, 84,4% dos medicamentos foram prescritos pela denominação genérica, 8,1% das prescrições continham um antibiótico prescrito, 81% dos medicamentos prescritos faziam parte da Lista de Medicamentos Essenciais do município, 9,2% dos medicamentos eram de controle especial, 62,4% das prescrições continham as informações mínimas necessárias para o uso do medicamento. A adesão ao tratamento proposto foi considerada alta em 14,0% dos usuários. O nível de conhecimento da terapia medicamentosa foi considerado bom em 11,0% dos entrevistados. A média da complexidade da prescrição foi de 7,7 pontos. Com relação à qualidade de vida, observou-se que o domínio físico diminui com o aumento da idade (p = 0,0001), indivíduos que utilizavam medicamentos de controle especial tiveram uma média menor na qualidade de vida total, do que os que não utilizavam (p= 0,0001). Conclusões: os indicadores da Organização Mundial da Saúde podem ser considerados inadequados em função do novo perfil de morbidade da população. Com o desenvolvimento das novas ferramentas, pôde-se perceber os problemas em uma prescrição. O monitoramento da prescrição e a educação dos usuários são necessários, pois previnem problemas relacionados aos medicamentos, além de realçarem os resultados terapêuticos, econômicos e de qualidade de vida. / Objectives: to assess the quality of prescribing through indicators; to investigate the adherence, the complexity of prescribing and the prescribing knowlege level of the Family Health Program users; to evaluate the quality of life of the studied sampled. Method: a cross-sectional study whose data were collected by questionnaire, anserewed by 336 users of the Family Health Program. Results: among the 336 users interviwed, 320 showed the prescribing. 36,6% of the prescribing had more than one drug to to the same illness, 9,0% of them had drugs of the same pharmacological class, 84,4% of the drugs were prescripted by the generic denomination, 8,1% of the prescribing had one antibiotic prescripted, 81% of the prescripted drugs were listed on the Essential Medication List of the city, 9,2% of the drugs were special controled, 62,4% of prescribing had the minimum information required to its usage. The adherence was high on 14,0% of the users. The knowledge level of prescribing was considered good in 11,0% of the cases. The average of prescribing complexity was 7,7 points. Regarding quality of life, it was observed that fisical handle decreased with the age grow (p=0001), users that use special controled drugs had a lower average on the total quality of life, compared to the ones wich didnt use it (p= 0,0001). Conclusions: the World Health Organization’s indicators can be considered inappropriated when analizing the new profile of the sickness of the population. With the development of the new tools, it was able to perceive the problems in a prescribing.The prescribing monitoring and the education of the users are a need, because they prevent problems related to the medication, and increase the therapeutic, echonomical and the quality of life results.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 116.pdf: 571999 bytes, checksum: ff9cd0169262d2aa81efa72382be17ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003-08-26 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The privatization of Telebras opened the national telephone market to competition,strengthening the importance of employing a management program having quality as a competitive advantage. Quality management as competitive strategy is an innovation in a sector that is no longer characterized by a monopoly market structure without competition. This study aims mainly at presenting the current quality management of a fixed line phone company. In this study, organizational structure for quality, a quality management program used by the studied company, methodologies and tools utilized, indicators of quality performance and improvement actions are presented and analyzed. A case study methodology was used. From the case study it can be concluded that in a telephone company quality management is directed at enhancing its competitive capacity the way it occurs in markets that face tough competition. The quality of fixed line phone service is differentiated depending on the kind of consumers, who are classified according to the amount of service utilized, since it is a private company, and therefore, seeks profit. In general, quality goals demanded by The National Telecommunications Agency have been met by the company, which confirms some foreseen trends after the privatization of the sector, at least in the area the company serves. / A privatização do Sistema Telebrás abriu o mercado de telefonia nacional à concorrência, fortalecendo a importância da adoção de um programa de gestão voltado para a qualidade como vantagem competitiva. A gestão da qualidade como estratégia competitiva ganhou destaque no setor que deixou de ser caracterizado por uma estrutura de mercado de monopólio com ausência de concorrência. Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal apresentar a atual gestão da qualidade de uma empresa do setor de telefonia fixa. No desenvolvimento do estudo, são apresentadas a estrutura organizacional para a qualidade; o programa de gestão para a qualidade adotado pela empresa estudada; as metodologias e ferramentas utilizadas; os indicadores de desempenho da qualidade e as ações de melhorias. A metodologia utilizada no desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi o estudo de caso. Pode-se concluir, a partir do estudo de caso, que a gestão da qualidade, na empresa de telefonia, é direcionada para aumentar a sua capacidade competitiva, assim como acontece em mercados com concorrência acirrada. A qualidade dos serviços telefônicos fixos é diferenciada de acordo como o tipo de consumidor, que é classificado segundo o volume de serviços que consome, pois a empresa é de capital privado e, portanto, visa lucro. De maneira geral, as metas de qualidade exigidas pela Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações vêm sendo cumpridas pela empresa o que confirma uma das tendências previstas com a privatização do setor, pelo menos na região de atuação da empresa.

Este estudo buscou analisar a assistência pré-natal oferecida às gestantes matriculadas no Programa de Pré-Natal (PN) em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) da zona sul do Município de São Paulo. Os objetivos foram: descrever a organização e a estrutura da UBS; caracterizar as gestantes, conforme dados sociodemográficos e clínico-obstétricos; analisar o processo da assistência PN, conforme os indicadores de processo do Programa de Humanização do Pré-Natal e Nascimento (PHPN) ampliado, os critérios de adequação do pré-natal e o Índice de Kessner modificado por Takeda. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com coleta de dados por meio de entrevista com o responsável pela unidade e consulta aos dados de prontuários de gestantes matriculadas em 2011. A amostra compôs-se de 308 prontuários. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre dezembro de 2012 e março de 2013. O estudo integra o projeto Assistência pré-natal em uma região da zona sul do Município de São Paulo financiado pelo CNPq (Processo no. 485264/2011-0), realizado em 12 UBS do Distrito de Capão Redondo em São Paulo que prestam atendimento às gestantes, pelo Programa Mãe Paulistana, no âmbito da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem da USP - Parecer nº. 145.651 e pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de São Paulo - Parecer nº. 156.805. Os resultados mostraram que a estrutura do serviço atende aos requisitos para o desenvolvimento de ações preconizadas para a atenção PN, apesar da insuficiência de médicos. As gestantes eram jovens, média da idade 24 anos; 52,3% da raça parda; 58,2% com 8 a 11 anos de estudo; 43,6% com companheiro e filhos; 87,9% casadas ou solteiras com união estável; 40,0% primigestas. Observou-se que: 82,1% da amostra iniciaram o PN até 16 semanas de gestação; 84,1% fizeram o número mínimo de seis consultas; 63,6% tiveram, pelo menos, uma consulta no primeiro trimestre, duas no segundo e três no terceiro; 16,2% iniciaram o PN até 16 semanas de gestação, realizaram o mínimo de seis consultas e todos os exames básicos; 13,3% iniciaram o PN até 16 semanas de gestação, fizeram o mínimo de seis consultas, os exames básicos e a consulta de puerpério (CP); 9,7% iniciaram o PN até 16 semanas de gestação, realizaram o mínimo de seis consultas, os exames básicos, a CP e a dose imunizante da vacina antitetânica; 67,5% eram imunes ou receberam a imunização antitetânica e 89,0% realizaram a CP. Pelo Índice de Kessner modificado por Takeda, 79,2% gestantes tiveram o PN adequado; 5,9% inadequado e 14,9% intermediário. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre os grupos PN adequado e inadequado em quase a totalidade das variáveis estudadas. Concluiu-se que a assistência pré-natal da ESF vem se mostrando como um modelo de atenção com bons resultados de adequação pré-natal aos critérios do PHPN e do Índice de Kessner modificado por Takeda. Não obstante, os registros mostraram falhas no atendimento à realização de exames básicos, imunizações e participação em grupos educativos / This study investigates the prenatal care provided to pregnant women enrolled in Prenatal (PN) Care Program in a Primary Health Unit (PHU) in the south zone of São Paulo. The aims were to describe the organization and structure of PHU; characterize pregnant women, according to sociodemographic, clinical and obstetric data, analyze the process of PN care in accordance with expanded process indicators of national Program for Humanization of Prenatal and Birth (PHPB), standards for adequacy of prenatal care and Kessner index modified by Takeda. This is a cross-sectional study with data collection through interviews with the responsible of the unit and examination the data from medical records of pregnant women enrolled in 2011. The sample consisted of 308 records. Data collection had been done through December 2012 to March 2013. The study integrates the Prenatal care in a region of the southern zone of São Paulo \" project supported by CNPq (Process no. 485264/2011-0), conducted in 12 PHU of Capão Redondo district in São Paulo that provide care for pregnant women, under the Mother Paulistana program through Family Health Strategy (FHS) . The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the School of Nursing - Decision nº. 145.651 and by the Ethics Committee in Research of the Municipal Health Secretary of São Paulo - Decision nº. 156.805. The results showed that the structure of the service meets the requirements for the development of actions recommended for the PN care, despite the shortage of medical doctors. The women were young, mean age 24 years, 52,3% biracial; 58,2% with 8-11 years of education, 43,6% had a partner and children, 87,9% married or single in a stable relationship; 40,0% primigravidae. It had been observed that 82,1% of the sample began PN care up to 16 weeks of gestation; 84,1% had the minimum number of six appointments, 63,6 % had at least one appointment in the first quarter, two on the second and three in the third, 16,2% began PN care up to 16 weeks of pregnancy, had a minimum of six appointments and did all basic examinations, 13,3 % began PN care up to 16 weeks of pregnancy, have a minimum of six appointments, basic tests and a puerperal appointment (PA), 9,7% began PN care up to 16 weeks of pregnancy, had a minimum of six appointments, did the essential exams, PA and immunizing dose of tetanus vaccine, 67,5% were immune or received tetanus immunization and 89,0% had PA. Analyzing PN care by Kessner index modified by Takeda, 79,2 % pregnant women had adequate PN care; 5,9% inappropriate and 14,9% intermediate. No differences were found between appropriate and inappropriate PN care groups in almost all the variables studied. It was concluded that prenatal care under FHS has been showed a model of care with good results of adequacy to prenatal care criteria of PHPB and Kessner Index modified by Takeda. Nevertheless, the records showed flaws in to carry out basic examinations, immunizations and participation in educational groups

Orientador: Luiz Carlos de Freitas / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T17:34:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Miranda_AntonioCarlos_D.pdf: 2370098 bytes, checksum: 7a5f08dbf980e10e5b8b282077a79667 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O mote principal deste trabalho foi explorar a aplicação da DEA na avaliação do desempenho das escolas municipais de educação fundamental da cidade de Campinas, através de indicadores de qualidade especificados pelas escolas envolvidas. Uma das características da DEA é possibilitar a construção e análise, respeitando a escola isoladamente, ao mesmo tempo em que constrói uma fronteira de eficiência para cada instituição, a partir de critérios que não são arbitrários ou estranhos as mesmas. Entende-se que cada escola tem um conjunto de ¿recursos¿ (infra-estrutura, número de professores, apoio técnico, biblioteca, recursos tecnológicos, etc.) e que deve obter alguns ¿resultados¿ (número de alunos aprovados, proficiência dos alunos, redução da violência na escola, melhora no clima escolar, etc.). A DEA permite que se observe a relação (recursos-resultados) em uma escola, olhando simultaneamente para o conjunto das escolas analisáveis. Entretanto, mediante a infinidade de variáveis geradas pelas escolas, nos deparamos com o problema das escolhas das mesmas, logo, se pensou em uma alternativa metodológica na construção de índices, ou seja, que este fosse capaz de representar de forma significativa a união de várias medidas em uma única, dentro da DEA, o que foi denominado índice LOED. A partir deste índice, foi construída uma fronteira de referência para cada escola, onde ela pode se localizar em relação a esta fronteira, para conhecer e discutir seus problemas, tendo como foco, a superação de suas dificuldades para conseguir uma escola melhor. Assim, foi possível confirmar que a DEA relacionando recursos e resultados de maneira simples, agregado a outras informações torna-se uma ferramenta valiosa para os gestores / Abstract: The main goal of this work was to explore the using of the DEA in the evaluation of the performance of the basic education of the public schools in Campinas, SP, through quality indicators specified by own involved schools. One of the characteristics of DEA is to be able to build and analyze, respecting the individuality institutional, at the meantime constructing an efficiency reference for each school from criteria that are not strange and arbitrary. We know, each school has a set of resources (infrastructure, number of staff, technical support, library, etc) and they have to reach some results (promoted students, their proficiencies, reduction of violence in the school, etc). The DEA allows to observe the relation between resources and results isolate and at once to the set of evaluated schools. However, with the large number of variables, how to choose the right one, so, it was thought in alternative methodological in the construction of indicators, it means, to be able to represent a set of indicators inside of one, in the DEA, what it was called LOED indicator. After that, DEA can construct a reference border for each school so that they are capable to find their position in relation to this border to have knowledge e discuss their problems, in order to surpass their difficulties to get a better school. To conclude, it was to realize DEA is able to relate resources and results of simple way, adding other information, it becomes a value tool to the schools administrators / Doutorado / Ensino, Avaliação e Formação de Professores / Doutor em Educação

Objetivos: avaliar a qualidade da prescrição de medicamentos por meio de indicadores; investigar a adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso, a complexidade da prescrição e o nível de conhecimento da prescrição dos usuários do Programa de Saúde da Família; avaliar a qualidade de vida dos componentes da amostra. Método: a pesquisa seguiu o modelo de estudo transversal, através de um questionário aplicado a 336 usuários do Programa de Saúde da Família. Resultados: dos 336 entrevistados, 320 mostraram a prescrição médica. 36,6% das prescrições continham mais de um medicamento para tratar a mesma doença, 9,0% delas continham medicamentos da mesma classe farmacológica, 84,4% dos medicamentos foram prescritos pela denominação genérica, 8,1% das prescrições continham um antibiótico prescrito, 81% dos medicamentos prescritos faziam parte da Lista de Medicamentos Essenciais do município, 9,2% dos medicamentos eram de controle especial, 62,4% das prescrições continham as informações mínimas necessárias para o uso do medicamento. A adesão ao tratamento proposto foi considerada alta em 14,0% dos usuários. O nível de conhecimento da terapia medicamentosa foi considerado bom em 11,0% dos entrevistados. A média da complexidade da prescrição foi de 7,7 pontos. Com relação à qualidade de vida, observou-se que o domínio físico diminui com o aumento da idade (p = 0,0001), indivíduos que utilizavam medicamentos de controle especial tiveram uma média menor na qualidade de vida total, do que os que não utilizavam (p= 0,0001). Conclusões: os indicadores da Organização Mundial da Saúde podem ser considerados inadequados em função do novo perfil de morbidade da população. Com o desenvolvimento das novas ferramentas, pôde-se perceber os problemas em uma prescrição. O monitoramento da prescrição e a educação dos usuários são necessários, pois previnem problemas relacionados aos medicamentos, além de realçarem os resultados terapêuticos, econômicos e de qualidade de vida. / Objectives: to assess the quality of prescribing through indicators; to investigate the adherence, the complexity of prescribing and the prescribing knowlege level of the Family Health Program users; to evaluate the quality of life of the studied sampled. Method: a cross-sectional study whose data were collected by questionnaire, anserewed by 336 users of the Family Health Program. Results: among the 336 users interviwed, 320 showed the prescribing. 36,6% of the prescribing had more than one drug to to the same illness, 9,0% of them had drugs of the same pharmacological class, 84,4% of the drugs were prescripted by the generic denomination, 8,1% of the prescribing had one antibiotic prescripted, 81% of the prescripted drugs were listed on the Essential Medication List of the city, 9,2% of the drugs were special controled, 62,4% of prescribing had the minimum information required to its usage. The adherence was high on 14,0% of the users. The knowledge level of prescribing was considered good in 11,0% of the cases. The average of prescribing complexity was 7,7 points. Regarding quality of life, it was observed that fisical handle decreased with the age grow (p=0001), users that use special controled drugs had a lower average on the total quality of life, compared to the ones wich didnt use it (p= 0,0001). Conclusions: the World Health Organization’s indicators can be considered inappropriated when analizing the new profile of the sickness of the population. With the development of the new tools, it was able to perceive the problems in a prescribing.The prescribing monitoring and the education of the users are a need, because they prevent problems related to the medication, and increase the therapeutic, echonomical and the quality of life results.

Este estudo buscou analisar a assistência pré-natal oferecida às gestantes inscritas no Programa de Pré-Natal na Unidade Básica de Saúde do Rádio Clube (UBS-RC) do município de Santos, SP. Os objetivos foram: caracterizar as gestantes da UBS-RC do município de Santos, segundo dados sócio-demográficos e obstétricos; descrever a estrutura do serviço e analisar o processo de assistência pré-natal prestados às gestantes usuárias da UBS-RC. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo retrospectivo com coleta de dados feitos por meio de entrevista com o responsável pela unidade e de consulta aos dados de 366 prontuários de gestantes matriculadas no ano de 2009. A coleta dos dados foi realizada entre os meses de julho a novembro de 2010. A análise da estrutura e do processo foi baseada nos critérios estabelecidos pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS) em 2006 a partir das recomendações do Programa de Humanização do Pré-natal e Nascimento (PHPN). Os resultados mostram que as gestantes eram jovens, média da idade 24,9 anos, 59,6% casadas ou com união estável, 50,3% não branca, 50,3% com ensino médio, 32,2% primigestas. A estrutura do serviço atende aos requisitos para o desenvolvimento das ações preconizadas para a atenção pré-natal. Observou-se que 81,7% da amostra iniciaram o pré-natal até 120 dias da gestação; 64,8% fizeram o número mínimo de seis consultas; 44,0% tiveram pelo menos uma consulta no primeiro trimestre, duas no segundo trimestre, e três no terceiro trimestre; 38,5% tiveram o mínimo de seis consultas pré-natal e a consulta de puerpério; 6,6% tiveram o mínimo de seis consultas pré-natal e os exames básicos; 4,1% tiveram mínimo de seis consultas pré-natal, consulta de puerpério e exames básicos; 3,0% tiveram mínimo de seis consultas pré-natal, consulta de puerpério, exames básicos e imunização antitetânica; 75,0% da amostra eram ou foram imunizadas com a vacina antitetânica. Considerando apenas retorno ao puerpério 61,7% das mulheres o fizeram. Segundo o Índice de Kessner, modificado por Takeda o pré-natal foi Adequado para 56,6% da amostra. Os dados relativos aos indicadores de processo mostram que, à medida que há um somatório das ações recomendadas pelo PHPN há uma queda importante na proporção de realização. É necessária uma mobilização de gestores e profissionais envolvidos na assistência pré-natal para que ocorra melhora dos indicadores da atenção à saúde materna e perinatal. / This study aimed to analyse the prenatal care offered to pregnant women enrolled in the Prenatal Program in Basic Health Unit of the Radio Club (UBS-RC) in the city of Santos (SP). The objectives were to characterize the women of the UBS-RC of Santos city, according to sociodemographic and obstetric data, to describe the structure of the service and to analyze the process of prenatal care provided to pregnant women from UBS-RC. This is a descriptive and retrospective study, data were collected during an interview with the person in charge for the unity and from medical records of 366 pregnant women enrolled in 2009. Data collection was carried out from July to November 2010. The analysis of the structure and of the process was based on criteria established by the Ministry of Health (MOH) in 2006, following the recommendations of the Humanization of Prenatal and Childbirth Program(PHPN). The results show that the women were young, mean age 24.9 years, 59.6% married or with stable union, 50.3% skin colour non white, 50.3% with secondary level of education, 32.2% were primiparous. The structure of the service meets the requirements for the development of recommended actions for prenatal care. It was observed that 81.7% of the women initiated prenatal care within 120 days of gestation, 64.8% did the minimum number of 6 appointments, 44.0% had at least one appointment in the first trimester, 2 in the second trimester and 3 in the third trimester, 38.5% had at least 6 prenatal appointments and the postpartum appointment, 6.6% had at least 6 prenatal appointments and the basic exams, 4.1% had minimum of 6 prenatal appointments, postpartum appointment and the basic exams, 3.0% had at least 6 prenatal appointments and the postpartum appointment, basic exams and tetanus immunization, 75.0% of the sample were or have been immunized against tetanus. Considering only postpartum return after delivery, 61.7% of women did it so. According to the Kessner Index, modified by Takeda, the prenatal care was adequate for 56.6% of the sample. Data regarding process indicators has shown that, while there is an addition of the actions recommended by PHPN, there is a significant decrease in the proportion of accomplishment of the actions. The mobilization of managers and professionals involved in prenatal care is needed to improve the indicators of maternal and perinatal health care.

L'étude présente les méthodes pour identifier et simuler les défauts de fabrication tridimensionnels. Les méthodologies ont été élaborées sur la base des travaux antérieurs, tels que la méthode de simulation MMP (Model of Manufactured Part) présentée par F. Villeneuve et F. Vignat, associée à la méthode de la double mesure présentée par S. Tichadou.Dans cette thèse, la première méthode proposée, basée sur la méthode des petits déplacements (TPD) est présentée et permet l'identification des défauts de fabrication. Cette méthode permet de distinguer les défauts d'usinage et les défauts de positionnement d'un lot de pièces au cours d’un processus de fabrication. Les résultats obtenus dans cette méthode représentent les dispersions géométriques des pièces usinées. En outre, une méthode d’analyse modale de défauts a été réalisée pour analyser les défauts de forme d'une pièce mesurée sur une MMT avec un nombre restreint de points de mesure (10 points sur chaque surface usinée). Les résultats montrent que les modes des défauts de forme sont obtenus correctement (bombé, ondulation, vrillage, etc.)En raison de l'importance du rôle du défaut de positionnement dans la qualité d'un produit en cours de fabrication, ensuite deux indicateurs simples ont été proposés pour évaluer la qualité globale d’un montage de fixation de pièces.Par ailleurs, un modèle permettant de simuler les défauts de positionnement d'une pièce fixée sur un mandrin à trois mors a été développé. Le modèle final de simulation est une combinaison de trois méthodes: plan d’expérience, simulation par éléments finis, et simulation de Monte Carlo. Pour la méthode des plans d’expérience, trois facteurs, qui sont supposés être les plus importants dans les défauts de positionnement, sont utilisés dans le modèle. Les résultats obtenus à partir des simulations sont exprimés sous forme de distributions et de paramètres statistiques caractéristiques. Ceux-ci sont ensuite utilisés pour effectuer les simulations en appliquant la méthode de Monte Carlo.Enfin, un modèle global est proposé, pour simuler la gamme de fabrication d’une pièce fraisée. Ce modèle permet de vérifier la gamme choisie avec des tolérances fonctionnelles de la pièce imposée. De plus, cette méthode permet de vérifier une gamme de fabrication en garantissant les tolérances fonctionnelles imposées ou une utilisation inverse qui permet de déterminer les tolérances garantissant un nombre de pièces usinées hors des zones de tolérance. / The research presents methodologies to identify and simulate manufacturing defects in three-dimension. The methodologies have been developed based on the previous works, such as the MMP (Model of Manufactured Part) simulation method presented by F. Villeneuve and F. Vignat, and the double measurement method is presented by S. Tichadou.In this thesis, the first proposed method based on the Small Displacement Torsor (SDT) concept is presented for identification of manufacturing defects. This method allows distinguishing the machining defects and positioning defects of a batch of parts during a process plan. The results obtained in this method represent geometric dimension errors of machined parts. In addition, we applied the parameterization method, which is usually used to analyze form defects of a part measured on a CMM with hundreds of measurement points, to complete the analysis of the form defects with a restricted number of measurement points (10 points on each machined surface). Even though this number appears to be low, the modes of the form defects are almost obtained (comber, undulation, twist, etc).Because of the important role of the positioning defect in the quality of a product during manufacturing, we then propose two simple indicators for evaluating the global quality of a fixture.Furthermore, we developed a model for simulating positioning defects of a workpiece fixed on a three-jaw chuck. The model is a combination of three methods: design of experiments, finite element simulation, and Monte Carlo simulation. Three factors, which are assumed to be the most important in positioning defects, are used in this model. Based on the simulated results, the influences of these factors are estimated. The results obtained from simulations can be expressed by form of distributions or statistical parameters. These allow using simulation of tolerance analysis based on Monte Carlo simulation.Finally, a model is developed based on MMP for tolerance analysis. This model allows us to verify a given process plan with functional tolerances of the machined part by determination of a number of machined parts out of tolerance zones or determine functional tolerances of a batch of machined parts based on a given process plan (without functional tolerances) and a number of rejected parts per million.

My entire career in lecturing and research in the field of financial management in education, have led to me becoming more and more intrigued by questions related to the amounts of money being spent on education and the performance of learners in the Senior Certificate Examination in public secondary schools in South Africa. The South African education system has changed dramatically since 1994 and is aimed at restoring the injustices of the past by providing equitable quality education. Despite many reforms our system is not rendering acceptable results as is evident from our participation in international and national tests (TIMSS, PIRLS, SACMEQ and ANA)2. Internationally UNESCO is driving the Educational for All campaign in an attempt to address issues related to quality education. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between the funding of education and the quality of education in selected diverse top performing secondary schools in the Gauteng province of South Africa. The results of the sample schools in the National Senior Certificate examination was used as indicator of the quality of education provided. Towards this end, I have done multiple case study research in six schools selected using purposive and convenience sampling techniques. Semistructured interviews and document analysis were used to collect data. I found that there is a definite link between funding and the quality of education provided. This manifests itself in allowing schools to reduce class size by appointing additional teaching staff, access to technology and staff development. However, all the schools in the sample indicated that the crucial factor determining their success was their teachers! In addition to the role of the teachers, I found that structures created for and the manner in which academic performance was managed and parental involvement also played determining roles. Contrary to what was expected, the use of technology as teaching aid, although convenient, was not playing a decisive role. The research led to a much better and deeper understanding of the intricate relationship between funding and the quality of education, but additional investigation is required in order to highlight this matter even further to allow for the informed improvement of efforts to raise the quality of education in South Africa and the world. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

本研究旨在建構國民小學教育空間品質評鑑指標。研究方法部分，先以文獻分析歸納出國民小學教育空間品質評鑑之初擬指標，再以專家問卷以及模糊德菲術問卷進行調查。模糊德菲術調查樣本為22位對國民小學的校園規劃、空間環境相當了解的校長、學者及教育行政機關主管為對象，透過三角模糊數整合專家對指標重要性之看法並篩選指標項目，最後以歸一化之方式求得各構面以及各項指標權重，完成國民小學教育空間品質評鑑指標體系。根據研究之結果與分析，歸納主要結論如下： 一、本研究建構之國民小學教育空間品質評鑑指標，含兩層指標，第一層指標有 6項，第二層指標有35項。 二、本研究建構之國民小學教育空間品質評鑑之第一層指標，依權重排序分別為「安全與管護」（18.41％）、「舒適與健康」（17.51％）、「特色與美感」（16.59％）、「節能與永續」（16.40%）、「充足與彈性」（16.28%）及「社交與休憩」（14.80%）。 三、本研究建構之國民小學教育空間品質評鑑之第二層指標依權重排序，在安全與管護方面，應特別重視校舍建築耐震防災、避難空間與動線的規劃，以及校園死角的監控管護；在舒適與健康方面，應特別重視校園環境的乾淨與整潔，且教室應有良好的照度以及通風；在特色與美感方面，應特別重視教育空間應富有寓教於境的教育情境、具有美感，以及能展現學校重要精神；在節能與永續方面，應特別重視教育空間能維持生態多樣性以及節水減碳的規畫與設計；在充足與彈性方面，應特別重視特殊需求的學生使用，並有足夠的各式教學與活動及多目的使用的空間；在社交與休憩方面，應特別重視學生交流互動、師生對話，以及與社區資源共享的空間。 最後，本研究依研究結果分別就對教育主管機關、對學校及對後續研究提出建議。 / The purpose of this study is to construct the evaluation indicators for quality of educational space in elementary schools. As for research methods, by means of literature review, and then 35 indicators within 6 main dimensions had been organized as a raw model of quality of educational space in elementary schools indicators based on which the Fuzzy Delphi questionnaire was developed and the survey was conducted with the sample size of 22 experts. Symmetric triangular fuzzy number then was used to analyze experts’ opinion on the importance of each indicator and to help indicator selection. At last stage, normalization of fuzzy number’s total score determined the weight of each dimensions and indicators; accordingly, the quality of educational space in elementary schools indicator system was constructed. The main conclusions are as follows： 1. The quality of educational space in elementary schools indicator system consists with 6 dimensions and 35 indicators in total. 2. The 6 dimensions are:safety and security（18.41％）, comfort and health（17.51％）, characteristics and aesthetic（16.59％）, energy efficiency and sustainability（16.40%）, adequate and flexible（16.28%）,social and leisure（14.80%）. 3. The second layer indactors for the quality of educational space in elementarty school are : in “safety and security”, should be the building seismic disaster, asylum space and the route planning, and monitoring of management and protection of the campus corner ; in the “comfort and health”, with special attention to the campus environment clean and tidy, and the classroom should have good illumination and ventilation; in the “characteristics and aesthetic” context, special attention should be full of educational space education through environmental education context, the aesthetic , as well as important to show school spirit; in “energy efficiency and sustainability”, and the particular importance of education to maintain the ecological diversity and space saving and carbon reduction planning and design; in “adequate and flexible” in regard, special attention to students with special needs, and there is enough variety of teaching and activities and multi-purpose use of space; in “social and leisure” aspects, special attention should be student interaction, teacher-student dialogue and resource sharing with the community space. According to the conclusions, some suggestions had been proposed : 1..suggestions for education administrators,2.suggestions for schools, and 3.suggestions for further study.