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The purpose of this study was to develop and refine an instrument to assess knowledge levels of the discipline provisions of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997 (IDEA '97). Such an instrument will assist in determining whether or not and to what extent additional training opportunities may be needed for school personnel who are responsible for disciplining students served in special education under IDEA '97. School officials who do not have proper knowledge and understanding of these provisions may violate students' rights by denying them the free appropriate public education to which they are entitled. The initial researcher designed instrument was a fixed-response test, consisting of 102 questions. Questions were based upon five identified areas of knowledge found in the discipline provisions: manifestation determination; functional behavior assessments; behavior intervention plans; interim alternative educational settings; and general procedural safeguards. Instrument items were written to assess knowledge for basic recall, commprehension, and application. A panel of experts reviewed this instrument to ensure content validity. Based upon the panel's recommendations, the instrument was revised and several questions were removed. A pilot study was then conducted with the resulting 68-question instrument. Fifty-eight graduate school students at East Tennessee State University participated in a test-retest study of the instrument. Pearson Product Moment Correlations and paired samples t-tests were used to determine test-retest reliability on the total test, as well as each subscale. Additionally, KR-20 estimates of internal consistency were obtained to determine the power of the instrument. The corrected item total correlations were utilized for each subscale to eliminate items that did not contribute to the consistency of the instrument. Finally, an item analysis was used to determine the final make up of the instrument. The final instrument contained 35 items, with seven items for each subscale.

This chapter describes the implementation of two service-learning courses within the setting of a primary-care clinic for homeless and indigent individuals. The two courses are a campus-wide Introduction to Community Service and a Community Health Nursing Practicum. Although these two courses have different learning outcomes, they both address the primary goals of service-learning, including (1) developing students' understanding about the responsibility of citizenship and preparing students for effective roles in society; (2) improving students' communication skills, problem-solving skills, and project-specific skills; (3) enhancing students' self esteem and sense of social reality; and (4) providing an interdisciplinary perspective (Kendall and Associates 1990). The sections that follow describe the setting that the two service-learning courses share, the university-wide course, and the community health nursing practicum. Common issues faced in both courses that are discussed include reflective learning practices, community/client impact, communicating expectations to the student and the site personnel, collaboration to accomplish both service and learning outcomes, and practical issues associated with service-learning in a clinic for the homeless and indigent.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Obstipation är ett vanligt förekommande tillstånd världen över med en varierande prevalens mellan 0,7% - 79%. Symtomen är subjektiva men vanligt beskrivna symtom är buksmärta, illamående och trötthet. En påverkan på det psykologiska och sociala välbefinnandet är uttalat. Syfte: Att beskriva individens upplevelse vid obstipation. Metod: Studien är en litteraturstudie som genererade i nio vetenskapliga artiklar genom sökningar i vetenskapliga databaser. Likheter och olikheter jämfördes i samtliga artiklar och fyra huvudkategorier kunde identifierades. Resultat: Följande huvudkategorier presenterades; (i) individers upplevelser av förståelse från vården, (ii) individers upplevelser kring behandlingsmetoder, (iii) individers upplevelser av fysiska obstipationssymtom (iv) obstipations påverkan på det psykiska och sociala välbefinnandet. Personcentrerad vård beskrivs som bristande då det föreligger ett tabu och känslighet kring ämnet. Kommunikation om obstipation initieras sällan av personal inom hälso-och sjukvården vilket har betydelse för information kring behandlingsmetoder och livsstilsförändringar. Obstipation är en bidragande faktor till ett försämrat psykiskt och socialt välbefinnande. Konklusion: Tillståndet är vanligt förekommande och måste därför normaliseras bland både individer och inom hälso- och sjukvården. Det krävs för att skapa bättre förutsättningar att kunna hantera tillståndet och för ett ökat välbefinnande. / Background: Constipation is a common condition worldwide with a varying prevalence between 0.7% - 79%. The symptoms are subjective but commonly described symptoms are abdominal pain, nausea and fatigue. An impact on psychological and social well-being is pronounced. Aim: To describe the individual's experience of constipation. Method: The study is a literature study that generated nine scientific articles through searches in scientific databases. Similarities and differences were compared in all articles and four main categories could be identified. Results: The following main categories were presented; (i) individuals' experiences of understanding from care, (ii) individuals' experiences of treatment methods, (iii) individuals' experiences of physical constipation symptoms (iv) constipation's impact on psychological and social well-being. Person-centred care is described as lacking as there is a taboo and sensitivity around the subject. Communication about constipation is rarely initiated by health care staff, which is important for information about treatment methods and lifestyle changes. Constipation is a contributing factor to impaired mental and social well-being. Conclusion: The condition is common and must therefore be normalized both among individuals and within health care. It is required to create better conditions to be able to manage the condition and for increased well-being.

Syftet med detta arbete är att se hur det multikulturella samhället speglas i de läromedel som används på skolorna idag. Undersökningen tittar på vilka individer som väljs ut som representanter för en hel religion och tar avstamp i ett genus och etnicitetsperspektiv. Läromedlen är alla utgivna under Lpo 94. Resultaten har kommit fram via en innehållsanalytisk och komparativ studie där individerna i läromedlen undersökts; saker som kön, etnicitet och innehåll i utsagorna har lyfts fram. De har därutöver komparerats mot varandra för att ge ett övergripande resultat och sammanställning. Sammanfattningsvis ges en bild av ett gott genus och etnicitetsperspektiv hos individerna i de läromedel som undersökts. / The aim of this study was to examine how the multi cultural society is reflected in the Religion textbooks used in schools today. The study looks at which individuals are chosen as representatives of a whole religion and it takes off in a gender- and ethnicity perspective. The textbooks have all been published under the curriculum of Lpo 94.The results were found with the use of a content analysis and a comparative analysis. These analyses have been used to look at the individuals in the textbooks and things like gender, ethnicity and content in their statements have been emphasized. In addition to that these things have been compared to one another in order to form a general compilation of the results. In conclusion, the image of the individuals examined in the textbooks proves to be of a fair gender- and ethnicity perspective.

This investigation examined the effects of stimulus complexity on the verbal behavior of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and a control group of nondiagnosed individuals. The participants were 20 adults with schizophrenia and 20 nonschizophrenic adults that were matched on age and education. Each participant vocally responded to nine stimuli displayed on a computer screen, with three stimuli at each of three levels of complexity. Each experimental session was recorded on video, as well as on cassette tape. Contextually inappropriate responses were tallied by using a partial interval recording system, and were analyzed by counting the number of intervals in which a contextually inappropriate response occurred. A 2 x 3 x 3 factorial design was used to determine differences in responding between the two groups across the type of picture and level of complexity. Overall, the results indicated that there was not a significant difference between the responses of the schizophrenic individuals when compared to the nondiagnosed individuals.

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act requires local education agencies to include parents as equal team members in the cultivation of their child’s individual education plan (IEP). Despite law, studies have shown that parents experience barriers to being included in the process. Barriers such as a lack of information, lack of understanding of the law, and feelings of unequal status or power as compared to school district team members have been noted. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions, feelings, and understanding of the initial IEP process as experienced by parents new to the world of special education. This study took the form of two research articles, each with a set of three research questions. Through the utilization of narrative inquiry, I was able to listen to the stories of parents as they tried to navigate their way through the initial IEP experiences, hear who supported their understanding along the way, learn how parents perceived their role during their journey, feel the emotions that parents shared feeling during their experiences, and find out if parents knew their procedural safeguard rights. The most impactful barriers for parents new to special education was the lack of adherence to legal timelines. Parent requests for special education assessment took up to two years for some parents. Lack of information and understanding of the IEP process and law was another major hurdle for participants. Without adequate information and understanding parents felt a power imbalance and feeling of being taken advantage of. Parents described a disconnect regarding how they viewed their parent role and how the school district viewed their role. A copious amount of praise was given to family resource centers for their support and trainings offered to parents.

Background: Frail older individuals run a greater risk of having to be cared for in hospital. Returning home after hospital discharge is often linked to an increased need for support from relatives or via care interventions. Close relatives experience worries, stress and despair linked to the older individuals return home. Nurses experience great importance in collaboration between nurses and the importance of participation and information to the elderly in the transition process. Purpose: The purpose was to shed light on older individuals' experiences of returning home after hospitalization. Method: Friberg's analysis method of processed material, which is called a general literature review. Results: The older individual have experiences of a transition process that involves reduced physical function and activity, dependence on caregivers and relatives, with emotions such as uncertainty, worry, fear, stress and frustration, with a lack of sufficient information. Conclusion: The experiences of the older individual show that there are areas in the transition process that the nurse can influence and improve in order to reduce the older individuals suffering in the transition process. / Bakgrund: Sköra äldre löper större risk att behöva vårdas på sjukhus, hemkomst efter sjukhusutskrivning kopplas ofta till ett ökat stödbehov från anhöriga eller via vårdinsattser. Anhöriga i sin tur erfar oro, stress och förtvivlan kopplat till den äldres hemkomst. Sjuksköterskor erfar stor vikt i samverkan mellan sjuksköterskor och vikten av delaktighet och information till den äldre i övergångsprocessen. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa äldres erfarenheter av att återvända hem efter sjukhusvistelse. Metod: Fribergs analysmetod av bearbetat material som kallas för allmän litteraturöversikt. Resultat: Äldre har erfarenheter om en övergångsprocess som innebär nedsatt kroppslig funktion och aktivitet, beroendeställning till vårdare samt anhöriga, med emotioner som osäkerhet, oro, rädsla, stress och frustration, med brist på tillräcklig information. Slutsats: Äldres erfarenheter tyder på att det finns områden i övergångsprocessen som sjuksköterskan kan påverka och förbättra för att minska den äldres lidande i övergångsprocessen.

This research examines the manifestation of collaborative relationships among technological individuals involved in innovation across corporate alliances on scale. Collaboration “on scale” refers to the necessity for global companies to work together to innovate, thus developing ways of cooperating across multiple alliances. ‘Organizations’ do not do this – it is the individuals who work for them that do. However, traditional research defaults to a corporate culture focus on innovation processes and tools, with the result that little is known about how individuals representing their companies collaborate with individuals in numerous other companies in order to achieve innovation. The research therefore looks through the lens of the individual with the aims of (i) understanding how individuals relate and collaborate with others in a range of companies; (ii) finding ways of improving those relationships, and (iii), actively bridging the gap between academia and business so that the learning from this project can be applied in practice. A qualitative, interview based methodology is used to identify individual attributes and gain an understanding of their impact on collaborative relationships. Five main themes are discovered that explain the individual behavioral influences that stimulate or hinder collaborative relationships in innovation practice. They are Make it Personal, Value Relationships, Champion the Cause, Offer Tribute, and Trust Your Intuition. The conclusions call for leaders to develop a deeper focus on individuals contributing to collaboration, strengthen relationships, integrate collaboration and innovation, improve intuitional skills, and re-examine measures and rewards. Academically, this research proposes new theory related to influencing variables in collaborative relationships. A bridge between academic theory and business practice is established firstly through developing a writing style designed to bridge that gap, and secondly through use of a practical rubric framework and self-assessment package to enable individuals to learn how to instill these findings in their collaborative relationships and get more out of innovation results. The report highlights areas and suggestions for future research study. / Royal Dutch Shell