Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία σχεδιάστηκε με χρήση του προγράμματος OPERA Electromagnetic Design ένας Ασύγχρονος Τριφασικός Κινητήρας κλωβού σε δύο διαστάσεις και μελετήθηκε η συμπεριφορά αυτού και των χαρακτηριστικών ηλεκτρομαγνητικών μεγεθών του κατά την τοποθέτηση ημιμαγνητικών σφηνών στις αυλακώσεις του στάτη. Έγινε χρήση σφηνών διαφορετικού μεγέθους και κατασκευασμένων από ημιμαγνητικά υλικά. Έτσι, προέκυψαν τρεις (3) νέοι κινητήρες που στην έκταση της παρούσας εργασίας καλούνται ΄΄μοντέλα΄΄. Στη συνέχεια, με τη χρήση αυτών των μοντέλων έγινε Ηλεκτρομαγνητική Ανάλυση με τη Μέθοδο των Πεπερασμένων Στοιχείων (FEM-Finite Element Method or FEA-Finite Element Analysis) που χρησιμοποιεί το λογισμικό OPERA. Επίσης, μελετήθηκε η επίδραση που έχει το σχήμα και το υλικό κατασκευής των σφηνών στα ηλεκτρομαγνητικά μεγέθη και τη λειτουργική συμπεριφορά του κινητήρα. Τέλος, εξετάστηκαν οι επιδράσεις που επιφέρει το κλείσιμο του ανοίγματος των αυλακώσεων –συναρτήσει, πάντα, του μεγέθους/σχήματος των σφηνών- στο ηλεκτρομαγνητικό πεδίο και στις χαρακτηριστικές του Ασύγχρονου Τριφασικού Κινητήρα. Εξετάστηκαν τόσο τα χωρικά και χρονικά μεγέθη, όσο και η συμπεριφορά αυτών στο πεδίο της συχνότητας (αρμονική ανάλυση – αρμονικό περιεχόμενο). Έγινε αξιοποίηση των γεωμετρικών και ηλεκτρικών χαρακτηριστικών ενός συγκεκριμένου τετραπολικού κινητήρα κλωβού, ισχύος 4kW, με 28 αυλακώσεις στο δρομέα και 36 αυλακώσεις στο στάτη. Ο σχεδιασμός των κινητήρων έγινε με τη συμβατική μέθοδο, ήτοι με χρήση των σχεδιαστικών εργαλείων που προσφέρονται μέσω της επιφάνειας εργασίας του προγράμματος και όχι με χρήση κώδικα. Πλεονέκτημα της μεθόδου αποτελεί το γεγονός ότι για τους τρεις κινητήρες που προέκυψαν με την τοποθέτηση των διαφόρων σφηνών δεν απαιτήθηκε εκ νέου σχεδιασμός, αλλά προσαρμογή της εκάστοτε χρησιμοποιηθείσας σφήνας στο αρχικό μοντέλο κινητήρα. Κατά τη μελέτη όλων των μοντέλων λάβαμε υπόψιν τόσο τη γραμμική όσο και τη μη γραμμική Β-Η χαρακτηριστική του σιδηρομαγνητικού υλικού. Η ανάλυση οδήγησε στο συμπέρασμα ότι με τη χρήση των κατάλληλων σφηνών μπορούμε να επιτύχουμε εξομάλυνση των κυματομορφών του ρεύματος και της ηλεκτρομαγνητικής ροπής και μείωση των ανώτερων αρμονικών. Όλα αυτά οδηγούν σε βελτίωση του βαθμού απόδοσης του κινητήρα. / The influence of semi-magnetic wedges on the electromagnetic variables and the harmonic content in 3-phase squirrel cage induction motors.

Linear induction motors are applied in equipments with different requirements set up to the controlled motion parameters. Investigation of motoring and breaking modes remains the relevant problem nowadays. The scientific novelty is based on analysis of non-symmetrical operation modes of linear induction motor at supplying it by a voltage source, developing a generalized model of motoring and breaking dynamic modes and analyzing influence of linear motor windings connection way and control parameters on dynamic breaking characteristics. The coordinate transformations of linear induction motors dynamic models, based on rotational motor with assumptions valid for low speed motor and multi-pole motor, are considered. Mathematical and computer models to investigate symmetrical dynamic modes of linear induction drives are presented. Generalized model to investigate non-symmetrical dynamics modes is elaborated. The results of simulation are presented by dependences on the main variables in the time domain, and dependences on both constructional and control parameters that give possibility to optimize constructional parameters of motors.

Linear induction motors are applied in equipments with different requirements set up to the controlled motion parameters. Investigation of motoring and breaking modes remains the relevant problem nowadays. The scientific novelty is based on analysis of non-symmetrical operation modes of linear induction motor at supplying it by a voltage source, developing a generalized model of motoring and breaking dynamic modes and analyzing influence of linear motor windings connection way and control parameters on dynamic breaking characteristics. The coordinate transformations of linear induction motors dynamic models, based on rotational motor with assumptions valid for low speed motor and multi-pole motor, are considered. Mathematical and computer models to investigate symmetrical dynamic modes of linear induction drives are presented. Generalized model to investigate non-symmetrical dynamics modes is elaborated. The results of simulation are presented by dependences on the main variables in the time domain, and dependences on both constructional and control parameters that give possibility to optimize constructional parameters of motors.

Induction motors are reliable and widely used in industrialised nations. However induction motors, like any other machine, will eventually fail. If the failure is not anticipated, it can result in a significant revenue loss. Therefore, there is a strong need to develop an efficient maintenance program. The most cost-effective solution is condition-based maintenance. An effective condition-based maintenance program requires an on-line condition monitoring system that can diagnose the condition of an induction motor in order to determine the types of faults and their severity while the motor is under a normal operating condition. The work in this thesis investigates the detection of stator and rotor faults (i.e. shorted turn faults, eccentricity faults, and broken rotor bar faults) using three types of sensor signals (i.e. current, leakage flux, and vibration) under different loading conditions. The work is based on an extensive series of sensor measurements taken using a number of nominally identical healthy machines (2.2 kW) and custom-modified machines (2.2 kW) with configurable stator and rotor fault settings. The thesis starts by investigating the estimation of rotor speed and rotor slot number. These two parameters are important in determining the fault frequency components that are used for detecting the stator and rotor faults. The rotor speed investigation compares four different estimation methods from the three different sensor signal types. It is found that the speed estimation techniques based on the eccentricity harmonics and the rotor frequency in the stator current, the axial leakage flux, and the motor vibration sensor signals can detect the rotor speed very accurately even when the load is as low as 2%. Similarly, this thesis proposes three different rotor slot number estimation techniques from the three different types of sensors and demonstrates that all three techniques can estimate the rotor slot number accurately. In addition, it is shown that the reliability of the estimation techniques can be increased significantly when the three techniques are combined. The shorted turn investigation in this thesis examines and compares potential shorted turn features in the three sensor signal types under five different fault severities and ten different loading conditions. The useful shorted turn features are identified in the thesis, and then examined against variations between the healthy machines in order to determine the loads and the fault severities in which the feature can reliably detect the faults. The results show that the feature based on the EPVA (extended Park’s vector approach) is the best method. This feature can detect turn to turn faults with a severity of 3.5% or greater at loads greater than 20% and phase to phase turn faults with a severity of 1.7% or greater under all loading conditions. However, estimating the fault severity is generally found to be difficult. The thesis also examines the feasibility of detecting static eccentricity faults using the different types of sensor signals under ten different loading conditions. The thesis compares potential eccentricity features under nine different fault severities. The useful features are identified and then combined through weighted linear combination (WLC) in order to produce a better eccentricity fault indicator. The indicator begins to show significant magnitude variation when the fault severity is greater than or equal to 25% and the load is greater than or equal to 25%. The experimental results show that detecting the static eccentricity faults is possible but estimating the fault severity may be difficult. Furthermore, the effects of misalignment faults on the useful eccentricity features are investigated. In this thesis, the analysis of broken rotor bar faults is performed under motor starting and rundown operation. The starting analysis introduces a new approach to detect broken rotor bar faults that utilises the wavelet transform of the envelope of the starting current waveform. The results of the wavelet transform are then processed in order to develop a normalised parameter, called the wavelet indicator. It is found that the wavelet indicator can detect a single broken bar under all loading conditions during motor starting operation. The indicator also increases its magnitude as the severity of the fault increases. On the other hand, the rundown analysis proposes several broken rotor bar fault detection techniques which utilise the induced voltage in the stator windings and the stator magnetic flux linkage after supply disconnection. The experimental results show that detecting the faults during rundown is generally difficult. However, the wavelet approach, which is based on monitoring changes in the motor torque for a given slip, seems to give the best result. / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2008

Στην παρουσα διπλωματική εργασιά μοντελοποιήθηκε και εξομοιώθηκε η λειτουργία ενός ηλεκτροκινητήριου συστήματος που αποτελείται από μία τριφασική ασύγχρονη μηχανή και έναν ηλεκτρονικό μετατροπέα ισχύος τοπολογίας “Matrix” με τη βοήθεια ηλεκτρονικού υπολογιστή, χρησιμοποιώντας το περιβάλλον Simulink του λογισμικού Matlab και το πρόγραμμα Vector Fields Opera που χρησιμοποιείται για ανάλυση με μέθοδο πεπερασμένων στοιχείων. Στόχος της διπλωματικής αυτής εργασίας ήταν η διερεύνηση και αξιοποίηση της δυνατότητας «συνεργασίας» μεταξύ των δύο αυτών προγραμμάτων. Συγκεκριμένα εξομοιώθηκε η λειτουργία της ασύγχρονης μηχανής της οποίας το μοντέλο είχε δημιουργηθεί στο περιβάλλον του Opera, κατά την τροφοδοσία της μέσω του ηλεκτρονικού μετατροπέα ισχύος τύπου “Matrix”, το μοντέλο του οποίου είχε δημιουργηθεί στο Simulink του Matlab. Στο κεφάλαιο 1 παρουσιάζονται τα σημαντικότερα σημεία της τεχνολογίας των τριφασικών ηλεκτρονικών μετατροπέων ισχύος τοπολογίας “Matrix” και οι βασικές τεχνικές και μέθοδοι που χρησιμοποιούνται για τον έλεγχο του μετατροπέα προκειμένου να γίνει αντιληπτός ο τρόπος λειτουργίας του, ενώ στο κεφάλαιο 2 αναφέρονται οι βασικές αρχές λειτουργίας της τριφασικής ασύγχρονης μηχανής. Στα κεφάλαια 3 και 4 παρουσιάζονται το μοντέλο της μηχανής και του μετατροπέα, όπως δημιουργήθηκαν στα αντίστοιχα προγράμματα και παρουσιάζεται η εξομοίωση της μεμονωμένης λειτουργίας τους. Συγκεκριμένα στο κεφάλαιο 3, μετά την παρουσίαση του μοντέλου της μηχανής, εξομοιώνεται η λειτουργία της στο πρόγραμμα Opera με ημιτονοειδή τάση τροφοδοσίας και στο κεφάλαιο 4 παρουσιάζεται η εξομοίωση της λειτουργίας του μετατροπέα με ωμικό-επαγωγικό φορτίο. Στο κεφάλαιο 5 γίνεται η «σύνδεση» των δύο μοντέλων και εξομοιώνεται η λειτουργία του συστήματος σε δύο διαφορετικές περιπτώσεις. Πρώτα για σταθερή σε μέτρο και συχνότητα τάση εξόδου του μετατροπέα με την οποία τροφοδοτείται η ασύγχρονη μηχανή (κινητήρας) της οποίας μεταβάλλουμε το μηχανικό φορτίο και στη συνέχεια για λειτουργία του κινητήρα υπό σταθερό φορτίο και μεταβολή της συχνότητας και του μέτρου της τάσεως εξόδου του μετατροπέα. Τέλος στα κεφάλαια 6 και 7 εξετάζεται η λειτουργία της μηχανής όταν σε αυτήν παρουσιάζεται ένα βραχυκύκλωμα μεταξύ κάποιων σπειρών του τυλίγματος μίας φάσης του στάτη και εξομοιώνεται η λειτουργία της μηχανής με ημιτονοειδή τάση τροφοδοσίας (κεφάλαιο 6) καθώς και όταν τροφοδοτείται μέσω του μετατροπέα, τόσο εν κενώ όσο και με μηχανικό φορτίο (κεφάλαιο 7). / In this degree thesis a model of an electromotion system consisting of an asynchronous machine and a power electronic Matrix topology converter was created and then simulated with the help of an electronic computer, using the software of Matlab Simulink and Vector fields Opera software which makes use of the finite elements method. The main objective of this work was the examination and the utilization of the interaction capability between these two software. Particularly, it is simulated the behavior of the asynchronous machine, the model of which was designed in the Opera environment, fed by the Matrix converter which its model was designed in Simulink. In the first chapter there are presented the most important parts of the three-phase power electronic Matrix topology converter and the basic techniques and methods that are used for the control of the converter in order to understand its function, while in the second chapter the fundamentals of the asynchronous machine are mentioned. In chapters 3 and 4, the models of the asynchronous machine and of the Matrix converter are presented as they were designed in Opera and Simulink and also there are presented the simulations of these two models separately. in addition, in the third chapter, after the presentation of the machine’s model, it’s function is simulated with the use of software Opera for sinusoidal power supply and in chapter 4 it is given a simulation of the function of the Matrix converter for a R-L load. In the fifth chapter we have the “connection” of the two models and the simulation of the function of the “whole” system in two different cases. First the simulation is carried out for a stable in amplitude and frequency output voltage supply of the Matrix converter with which the asynchronous machine (induction motor) is supplied while the mechanical load connected to the motor is modified and secondly it is presented the simulation of the system for a stable, during the simulation time, mechanical load but with modification of the amplitude and frequency of the converter’s output voltage with which the motor is supplied. Concluding, in chapters 6 and 7, the function of the motor is examined in the case that there is a stator inter turn short circuit in a phase winding and in chapter 6 a simulation of the function of the motor with this fault is carried out for sinusoidal supply, while in chapter 7 there are presented simulations of the same model of the motor with the fault, being supplied by the matrix converter in the cases that the motor is rotating with load torque and without any mechanical load.

Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο αναφέρονται χαρακτηριστικά της αιολικής ενέργειας. Μελετάται η ισχύς του ανέμου όπου βλέπουμε στοιχεία όπως τον τρόπο που σχηματίζονται οι άνεμοι, και περιγράφονται τα στοιχεία τη ανεμογεννήτριας και τα χαρακτηριστικά της αιολικής απόδοσης. Παρουσιάζονται τέλος, συνοπτικά, μερικά εισαγωγικά στοιχεία για τις κατανεμημένες παραγωγές, για τις κατανεμημένες πηγές ενέργειας και τον τρόπο που διανέμεται η παραγωγή της ενέργειας. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο της διπλωματικής εργασίας γίνεται περιγραφή των φορτίων που υπάρχουν στα ηλεκτρικά κινητήρια συστήματα. Μελετάμε τη δομή αυτών και τα κατηγοριοποιούμε με κριτήριο τη ροπή τους. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο μελετάμε το τριφασικό βραχυκύκλωμα και τον τριφασικό διακόπτη. Αναφέρουμε τις παραμέτρους που παίζουν ρόλο στο βραχυκύκλωμα, τον τρόπο που συμπεριφέρεται μία μηχανή σε αυτό και τις συνιστώσες συνεχούς μεταβαλλόμενου ρεύματος. Στο τέταρτο κεφάλαιο περιγράφουμε τον τριφασικό μετασχηματιστή. Μελετάμε τις συνθήκες σύνδεσης αυτών και τον τρόπο που συνδέονται. Στο πέμπτο κεφάλαιο μελετάμε τις ανεμογεννήτριες μεταβλητής ταχύτητας, τον έλεγχο που γίνεται στον ανεμοκινητήρα για την ισχύ , τα κατάλληλα ηλεκτρονικά που χρησιμοποιούμε στις ανεμογεννήτριες, τους μετατροπείς συχνότητας και τα είδη γεννητριών. Αναφέρονται οι συνδεσμολογίες τους και ο τρόπος που ελέγχουμε τάσεις, ενεργό και άεργο ισχύ μέσω συστημάτων αυτομάτου ελέγχου. Στο έκτο κεφάλαιο γίνεται ανάλυση του αιολικού συστήματος μεταβλητών στροφών , όπου βλέπουμε τον μετασχηματισμό Park για τη μετατροπή συστήματος αξόνων, αναλύουμε το μοντέλο της μηχανής σε άλλο πλαίσιο αναφοράς (d – q) και εφαρμόζουμε διανυσματικό έλεγχο. Στο έβδομο κεφάλαιο σχεδιάζουμε το σύστημα που μελετάμε με το πρόγραμμα MATLAB / Simulink, Γίνεται μία αναφορά στους ελέγχους που μελετήθηκαν στο πέμπτο κεφάλαιο, χρησιμοποιώντας τους για την εξομοίωση. Αναλύουμε τον τρόπο που αρχικοποιούμε το σύστημά μας και εξομοιώνουμε το σύστημα με τις ανεμογεννήτριες παραθέτοντας τις απαραίτητες κυματομορφές. / The first chapter indicates characteristics of wind energy. Studied the wind power, where we see how winds are formed, and we describe the elements of wind and the characteristics of wind performance. Presented finally, briefly, a few introductory information on distributed generation for distributed energy sources. In the second chapter, there is a description of the electric motor systems loads. We study their structure and categorize them according to their torque. In the third chapter we study the three-phase fault and three phase switch. We report the parameters that play a role in short and how it behaves a machine on it. The fourth chapter describes the three-phase transformer. We study the association of these conditions and it is connected. In the fifth chapter we study the variable wind speed control, in Wind Turbines, the power, electronics that we use, frequency inverters and types of generators. We specify the connections and the way we control voltages, active and reactive power through control systems. The sixth chapter is an analysis of the variable wind speed system, where we see Park transformation to convert the axis system, we analyze the model of the machine in another frame of reference (d - q) and apply vector control. In the seventh chapter we design the system with the program MATLAB / Simulink, simulating the system. We analyze the way that we do the initialization of our system in order to simulate in several wind speeds, giving the necessary waveforms.

Σκοπός της διπλωματικής αυτής εργασίας ήταν η μελέτη των ηλεκτρομαγνητικών δυνάμεων που δημιουργούνται μέσα σε μια ασύγχρονη ηλεκτρική μηχανή, ειδικότερα των ακτινικών δυνάμεων, καθώς και η μηχανική συμπεριφορά της μηχανής λόγω των δυνάμεων αυτών. Χρησιμοποιήθηκε ένας τριφασικός ασύγχρονος κινητήρας βραχυκυκλωμένου δρομέα, ισχύος 4 kW, συνδεσμολογίας τριγώνου. Η προσομοίωση και η μελέτη έγινε με τη χρήση του προγράμματος Opera 2-D της εταιρείας Vector Fields, το οποίο χρησιμοποιεί τη μέθοδο των πεπερασμένων στοιχείων για την επίλυση των μερικών διαφορικών εξισώσεων που περιγράφουν τη ηλεκτρομαγνητική λειτουργία της μηχανής. Πρώτα γίνεται η ηλεκτρομαγνητική ανάλυση των μοντέλων της μηχανής στη μόνιμη κατάσταση. Μετά χρησιμοποιώντας τα μοντέλα αυτά, υπολογίστηκαν οι ηλεκτρομαγνητικές πιέσεις που ασκούνται σε δόντια του δρομέα και του στάτη και η συνολική ακτινική και εφαπτομενική δύναμη που ασκείται πάνω στον δρομέα. Όταν οι ιδιοσυχνότητες ταλάντωσης της μηχανής είναι κοντά στις συχνότητες που υπάρχουν στο φάσμα συχνοτήτων της ακτινικής δύναμης, δημιουργείται συντονισμός και προκαλεί θορύβους και ταλαντώσεις στη μηχανή. Για να αποφευχθούν τέτοιου είδους θόρυβοι και ταλαντώσεις υπολογίζονται τα πλάτη και οι συχνότητες της ακτινικής δύναμης καθώς και οι ιδιοσυχνότητες της μηχανής. Οι ίδιες μετρήσεις έγιναν και σε μοντέλο μηχανής με μια σπασμένη μπάρα του κλωβού. Απεικονίσθηκαν οι ακτινικές δυνάμεις και συγκρίθηκαν με αυτές του υγιούς μοντέλου στο πεδίο του χώρου, του χρόνου και της συχνότητας. Επίσης παρουσιάζεται μια μέθοδος για την ανίχνευση «υπογραφών» ηλεκτρικών σφαλμάτων, μέσω ανάλυσης Fourier της ακτινικής ηλεκτρομαγνητικής δύναμης και πίεσης. Τα αποτελέσματα δείχνουν πως η ηλεκτρομαγνητική δύναμη είναι μια καλή παράμετρος με τη χρήση της οποίας μπορεί να ανιχνευτεί το σφάλμα της σπασμένης μπάρας. / The aim of this thesis was to study the electromagnetic forces generated in an asynchronous electric machine, especially the radial forces and the mechanical behavior of the machine due to these forces. A three-phase squirrel cage asynchronous motor, 4 kW power, was used. The simulation and the study was performed using the program Opera 2-D of Vector Fields, which uses the finite element method to solve partial differential equations describing the operation of the electromagnetic machine. First of all, the electromagnetic analysis of models of the machine in steady state was performed. Using these models, the electromagnetic pressure on teeth of the rotor and stator was calculated and the total radial and tangential force exerted on the rotor was estimated. When the natural frequencies of oscillation of the machine are close to the frequencies of the radial force, coordination is generated and causes noise and vibrations in the machine. To avoid such noises and vibrations, the amplitudes and frequencies of the radial force and the natural frequencies of the machine must be calculated. The same measurements were made on a model engine with a broken bar. The radial forces were plotted and compared with those of the healthy model, in the field of space, time and frequency. Also, a method for the detection of "signatures" electrical fault, through Fourier analysis of the radial electromagnetic force and pressure is disclosed. The results showed that the electromagnetic force is a good parameter to use for the detection of the broken bar fault.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:59:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2538187 bytes, checksum: 1a5b7534475b55c4c0d10bb2bc04a315 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The purpose of this work is to develop a strategy for determining the electromagnetic torque of induction motors (MIT) from the stator flux estimation, which presents higher robustness against parametric variations. The stator flux is estimated by integrating the voltage model of the machine, applying Highpass Filters (HFP) for ideal integration of electromotive force against, leading to compensation of offsets in the measurements of voltage, current and its integral, so enable practical implementations of control strategies, failure prediction and energy efficiency. Simulated and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed strategy, evaluating the efficiency of the estimation of transient load and a wide range of machine operation / A proposta deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de uma estratégia para determinação do conjugado eletromagnético de Motores de Indução Trifásicos (MIT) a partir da estimação do fluxo estatórico, que apresenta maior robustez frente a variações paramétricas. O fluxo estatórico é estimado integrando-se o modelo de tensão da máquina, aplicando-se Filtros Passa Altas (FPA) para integração ideal da força contra eletromotriz, ocasionando a compensação dos offsets nas medições de tensão, corrente e suas integrais, de forma a permitir implementações práticas das estratégias de controle, predição de falhas e eficiência energética. Resultados simulados e experimentais são apresentados para validação da estratégia proposta, avaliando-se a eficiência da estimação em transitórios de carga e em uma ampla faixa de operação da máquina.

Orientador: Robson Pederiva / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T22:58:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LamimFilho_PauloCezarMonteiro_D.pdf: 3058410 bytes, checksum: b3139213ab7f18f3ff80772b9e063ab3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Um programa de manutenção preditiva deve englobar várias técnicas de monitoramento a condição do motor elétrico. Dentre elas, pode-se citar como clássicas, a análise de corrente elétrica e análise de vibrações. Entretanto, existe um grande número de dificuldades associadas com estas técnicas e, conseqüentemente, com suas aplicações in loco no parque fabril. Isto ocorre devido ao largo espectro de possíveis defeitos, tais como: curto circuito entre espiras, desequilíbrio de fase e falhas de barras rotativas do rotor. Este trabalho propõe a implementação de um transdutor (bobina de fluxo) sensível às ondas eletromagnéticas dentro dos motores de indução trifásicos para a detecção, diagnóstico e monitoramento on-line. Foi obtida uma relação entre as principais falhas de origem elétrica (curto circuito entre espiras, desequilíbrio de fase e barras quebradas) com os sinais de fluxo magnético, sendo estabelecidas as freqüências características de falhas. No trabalho é proposto o uso da lógica fuzzy para o monitoramento online. A condição do motor é descrita através de variáveis lingüísticas. Uma base de regras foi construída para ser usada pelo método de inferência fuzzy. O motor de indução é diagnosticado pela composição do conjunto de regras do método de inferência. Os resultados experimentais comprovaram a eficiência do sensor proposto e da estratégia de detecção, diagnóstico e monitoramento on-line, podendo ser futuramente incluídos em Programas de Manutenção Preditiva / Abstract: A predictive maintenance program must include several techniques of monitoring of the electric motor¿s conditions. Among these techniques, probably the two most classic ones are related to electric current and vibration analysis. Unfortunately, in both cases inherent drawbacks make difficult their use in loco on industry plants. As there is a large range of possible fault sources and abnormal machine use conditions (such as inter-turn short circuits, unbalanced voltage supplies and broken rotor bars) the determination of the real machine problem is difficult. This work presents the implementation of a special sensor developed (flux coil sensor) inside three-phase induction motors used as experimental platforms. This sensor is sensitive to electromagnetic waves and they are used for detection, diagnosis, and on-line monitoring of electrical faults. It was established a relation between the main electrical faults (inter-turn short circuits, unbalanced voltage supplies and broken rotor bars) and the signals of magnetic flux, that were identified the characteristic frequencies of these faults. In this work, it is proposed the use of fuzzy logic for the on-line monitoring. The motor operational conditions are described by using fuzzy linguistic variables. A knowledge base, comprising fuzzy rules and databases, was built to support the fuzzy inference process. The conditions of the induction motors used during the test phase are diagnosed using a compositional rule and fuzzy inference procedures. The experimental results shown the efficiency of the flux coil sensor developed and the strategies for detection, diagnosis, and on-line monitoring tasks. The results were undoubtedly impressive and in a near future the system developed can be adapted and used in real predictive maintenance programs in industries / Doutorado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica

A velocidade dos motores de indução é uma grandeza importante em um processo industrial. Entretanto, a medição direta da velocidade em motores de indução pode comprometer o sistema de acionamento e controle, aumentando o custo de implementação. Assim, as técnicas sensorless destinadas a estimar ou prever a velocidade em motores de indução são amplamente investigadas para uso em várias unidades industriais. Essa estratégia, quando baseada nos modelos matemáticos dos motores de indução é, normalmente, dependente dos parâmetros da máquina ou requer outro método que faça uma estimativa ou previsão. Assim, a abordagem alternativa deste trabalho consiste no uso de duas estratégias de implementação de redes neurais artificiais como estimador de velocidade aplicado a duas estratégias de controle do motor de indução orientado pelo campo do estator, controle direto de corrente e controle direto de torque. A velocidade síncrona, as correntes do estator e o torque eletromagnético, que são variáveis utilizadas nos algoritmos de acionamentos orientados no campo eletromagnético, são as entradas dos estimadores neurais propostos. Neste trabalho, resultados de simulação são aplicados no processo de seleção das redes neurais e os resultados experimentais mostram o desempenho de duas estratégias de implementação do estimador neural de velocidade embarcadas em DSP em diferentes metodologias de controle com dois motores de indução de potências diferentes. / The induction motor speed is an important quantity in an industrial process. However, the direct measurement of speed on induction motors can compromise the drive and control system, increasing the implementation cost. Thus, sensorless techniques aimed at estimating or predicting the speed in induction motors are widely investigated to be used in industrial plant units. This strategy, when based on the mathematical models of the induction motors is, usually, dependent on the machine parameters or requires another method that makes an estimation or prediction. Thus, the alternative approach of this work consists in the use of two implementation strategies of artificial neural networks as speed estimator applied to two stator field-oriented induction motor control strategies, direct current control and direct torque control. The synchronous speed, the stator currents and the electromagnetic torque, which are quantities used in field-oriented drives, are the inputs of the proposed neural estimators. In this work, simulation results are applied to neural networks selection process and the experimental results show the performance of two implementation strategies of the neural speed estimator embedded in DSP in different control methodologies with two induction motors with different powers.