The purpose of this study was to investigate how children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and their families perceived their school experiences in Québec. IBD is one of many “invisible” chronic diseases. It is considered invisible because it occurs internally without significant observable external symptoms. However, children with IBD experience painful and fluctuating physical symptoms caused by intestinal inflammation, as well as the side effects from medications. As a result, they require special accommodations while they attend public or private school. The Québec Education Act (2010) stipulates that adequate services for a diverse student population must be provided. Consequently, the research sought to answer the following questions: What are the experiences of parents and children with IBD enrolled in general education classrooms? And, what are the experiences of their brother or sister? To research these questions, a case study method was used with five families. The two instruments used to collect the data were, (1) individual semi-structured interviews that followed a modified version of Seidman’s (2006) in-depth interviewing approach and (2) drawings of the family by siblings. The data were analyzed inductively. This study was the first to use a qualitative approach with multiple methods that were guided by Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory (1979) and Turnbull and Turnbull’s family systems theory (2001). The findings revealed that, unlike many studies on families of children with special needs, these families with a child with IBD functioned relatively well. At the microsystem level, mothers assumed responsibility as the primary caregiver. Siblings experienced their own challenges, such as feelings of parental neglect. Nonetheless, they also maintained nurturing roles. Within the mesosystem level, the home and school relationship was impacted. Parents and children with IBD experienced school personnel who lacked awareness of IBD and provided insufficient classroom support, especially at public schools. Hence, parents-(predominantly mothers) played an integral role in advocating for necessary accommodations on their child’s behalf. In contrast to many studies on children with disabilities, children with IBD in this research had many friends in and outside of school. In the exosystem, parents struggled with feelings of guilt at having to balance employment and the high financial expense of caring for a child with IBD. They relied on assistance from government services and their IBD association. At the macrosystem level, family members believed that children with IBD were perceived negatively by society because of the lack of public awareness and the stigma that surrounds the topic of incontinence. This study makes contributions to systems theories and provides practical recommendations to school personnel and parents.

Bakgrund: Inflammatoriska tarmsjukdomar innefattar Crohns sjukdom och ulcerös kolit. De senaste åren har en ökning av de kroniska sjukdomarna skett bland annat i Sverige. Sjukdomarna går i skov och drabbar olika lager av tarmens slemhinna. För att hjälpa personerna att uppleva hälsa, trots kronisk sjukdom, bör sjuksköterskan känna till hur de upplever det att leva med sjukdomen. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva personers upplevelse av att leva med en inflammatorisk tarmsjukdom. Metod: Vid sökning i databaserna Cinahl och PubMed valdes nio artiklar ut för att användas i studien. Bearbetningen av resultatet inspirerades av innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultaten visade emotionella upplevelser såsom skuld, vanmakt, rädsla, hopp, stress och oro. Sjukdomen gav begränsningar i det dagliga livet i form av att personerna inte kunde delta i aktiviteter, kostrestriktioner, etcetera. Symtomen gav en ständig påminnelse om sjukdomen och ledde till förändrad självbild. Det fanns olika sätt att hantera sin sjukdom på och stöd upplevdes för det mesta positivt. Konklusion: Personerna påverkas av sjukdomarna även när dem är i remission. Närvaro av ett stödjande nätverk har betydelse för personernas dagliga funktion. / Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. In recent years, an increase of these chronic diseases occurred partly in Sweden. The diseases are relapsing, and affect different layers of the bowel mucosa. To help the persons to experience health, despite chronic illness, the nurse should be familiar with their perception of living with the disease. Purpose: The purpose of this overview was to describe the persons experiences of living with an inflammatory bowel disease. Method: When searching the databases Cinahl and PubMed, nine articles were selected for use in the study. The processing of the results was inspired by content analysis. Results: The results showed emotional experiences such as guilt, helplessness, fear, hope, stress and anxiety. The disease caused restrictions in daily life such as not being able to participate in activities, dietary restrictions, etcetera. The symptoms gave a constant reminder of the disease and led to altered self-image. There were different ways to manage their illness and support was perceived positively for the most of the time. Conclusion: The persons are affected by the diseases even when they are in remission. The presence of a support network is important for the persons daily functioning.

No description available.

Vitamin D is important for bone development with immunomodulatory effects. This study investigated whether feeding CD-1 and interleukin 10 (IL-10) knockout (KO) dams low (25 IU/kg diet) or high (5,000 IU/kg diet) vitamin D affected bone health of dams as well as their offspring. Offspring were weaned to 1 of the 2 diets and followed to young adulthood. Unlike CD-1 dams, IL-10 KO dams experienced greater femur strength with high vitamin D. CD-1 male offspring had reduced femur neck strength and female offspring had smaller, weaker femurs, and weaker lumbar vertebra 2 (LV2) with high maternal vitamin D. IL-10 KO male offspring had larger femurs and female offspring had stronger femurs when weaned to high vitamin D. Low vitamin D did not adversely impact bone health but the optimal level of dietary vitamin D seems to differ between healthy and inflammatory states.

Vitamin D is important for bone development with immunomodulatory effects. This study investigated whether feeding CD-1 and interleukin 10 (IL-10) knockout (KO) dams low (25 IU/kg diet) or high (5,000 IU/kg diet) vitamin D affected bone health of dams as well as their offspring. Offspring were weaned to 1 of the 2 diets and followed to young adulthood. Unlike CD-1 dams, IL-10 KO dams experienced greater femur strength with high vitamin D. CD-1 male offspring had reduced femur neck strength and female offspring had smaller, weaker femurs, and weaker lumbar vertebra 2 (LV2) with high maternal vitamin D. IL-10 KO male offspring had larger femurs and female offspring had stronger femurs when weaned to high vitamin D. Low vitamin D did not adversely impact bone health but the optimal level of dietary vitamin D seems to differ between healthy and inflammatory states.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and their families perceived their school experiences in Québec. IBD is one of many “invisible” chronic diseases. It is considered invisible because it occurs internally without significant observable external symptoms. However, children with IBD experience painful and fluctuating physical symptoms caused by intestinal inflammation, as well as the side effects from medications. As a result, they require special accommodations while they attend public or private school. The Québec Education Act (2010) stipulates that adequate services for a diverse student population must be provided. Consequently, the research sought to answer the following questions: What are the experiences of parents and children with IBD enrolled in general education classrooms? And, what are the experiences of their brother or sister? To research these questions, a case study method was used with five families. The two instruments used to collect the data were, (1) individual semi-structured interviews that followed a modified version of Seidman’s (2006) in-depth interviewing approach and (2) drawings of the family by siblings. The data were analyzed inductively. This study was the first to use a qualitative approach with multiple methods that were guided by Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory (1979) and Turnbull and Turnbull’s family systems theory (2001). The findings revealed that, unlike many studies on families of children with special needs, these families with a child with IBD functioned relatively well. At the microsystem level, mothers assumed responsibility as the primary caregiver. Siblings experienced their own challenges, such as feelings of parental neglect. Nonetheless, they also maintained nurturing roles. Within the mesosystem level, the home and school relationship was impacted. Parents and children with IBD experienced school personnel who lacked awareness of IBD and provided insufficient classroom support, especially at public schools. Hence, parents-(predominantly mothers) played an integral role in advocating for necessary accommodations on their child’s behalf. In contrast to many studies on children with disabilities, children with IBD in this research had many friends in and outside of school. In the exosystem, parents struggled with feelings of guilt at having to balance employment and the high financial expense of caring for a child with IBD. They relied on assistance from government services and their IBD association. At the macrosystem level, family members believed that children with IBD were perceived negatively by society because of the lack of public awareness and the stigma that surrounds the topic of incontinence. This study makes contributions to systems theories and provides practical recommendations to school personnel and parents.

No description available.

Clostridium difficile colitis (CDC) is associated with a higher risk of acute death among hospitalized ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. However, the risk of colectomy with CDC in these patients has varied across studies. No study has assessed the long-term health impact of CDC in UC patients. Therefore, the present study evaluated the impact of CDC on five-year health outcomes of hospitalized UC patients based on Ontario health administrative data. No overall association was observed between CDC and five-year risks of colectomy or death in overall cohort. However, patients who were discharged from hospital without undergoing colectomy demonstrated marginally higher five-year risks of colectomy and hospital re-admission. Mortality risk and length of stay during index hospitalization were also higher in patients with CDC. Analysis of a parallel cohort of UC patients derived using a published case definition corroborated most of these results, but demonstrated a higher five-year mortality risk with CDC.

Clostridium difficile colitis (CDC) is associated with a higher risk of acute death among hospitalized ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. However, the risk of colectomy with CDC in these patients has varied across studies. No study has assessed the long-term health impact of CDC in UC patients. Therefore, the present study evaluated the impact of CDC on five-year health outcomes of hospitalized UC patients based on Ontario health administrative data. No overall association was observed between CDC and five-year risks of colectomy or death in overall cohort. However, patients who were discharged from hospital without undergoing colectomy demonstrated marginally higher five-year risks of colectomy and hospital re-admission. Mortality risk and length of stay during index hospitalization were also higher in patients with CDC. Analysis of a parallel cohort of UC patients derived using a published case definition corroborated most of these results, but demonstrated a higher five-year mortality risk with CDC.

Bakgrund: Crohns sjukdom och ulcerös kolit är två huvudtyper som utmärker inflammatorisk tarmsjukdom. Inflammatorisk tarmsjukdom påverkar mag- och tarmkanalen och har ett oförutsägbart sjukdomsförlopp. Inflammatorisk tarmsjukdom debuterar vanligtvis i åldern 15-30 och kan ge ogynnsamma konsekvenser i personens dagliga aktiviteter eftersom han eller hon är upptagen med att exempelvis studera, skapa karriär eller bilda familj. Sjukdomarna har flera gemensamma särdrag där de förekommer i så kallade skov med perioder med försämring då tarmslemhinnan blir inflammerad och sårig, vilket leder till symtom som exempelvis blodiga eller slemmiga diarréer, viktnedgång, buksmärtor och trötthet Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att beskriva konsekvenser av att leva med Crohns sjukdom eller Ulcerös kolit hos vuxna personer. Metod: En litteraturöversikt. En litteratursökning gjordes som ledde till sex granskade artiklar. Resultatartiklarna analyserades sedan utifrån det valda syftet. Resultat: I analysen av resultatartiklarna framkom det fem olika återkommande teman. Dessa teman är fysiska konsekvenser av sjukdomen, psykiska konsekvenser av sjukdomen, sociala konsekvenser, förlust av kontroll samt påverkad föräldraroll. Flera teman innehöll subteman. Diskussion: Olika aspekter av patientens liv klarlades i resultatet vilket gör det möjligt för sjuksköterskan att i mötet med patienten kunna ge bra stöd och omsorg. Resultatet uppmärksammar de problem som patienten har i mötet med vårdpersonalen. Genom att upplysa och göra vården uppmärksam kring problemen så kan det underlättas för patienten i hans eller hennes behandling. Genom att lära patienten att hantera sin sjukdom och få behandling vid första tecken på återfall kan hans eller hennes lidande minska. / Background: Two main types that characterize inflammatory bowel disease are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Inflammatory bowel disease affecting the digestive tract, and has an unpredictable disease course. Inflammatory bowel disease onset is usually between the ages of 15-30. It can cause adverse effects in a person’s daily activities because he or she is busy studying, building a career, raising a family and so on. Diseases have several common features. They occur in so-called relapses with periods of worsening when the gut lining becomes inflamed and ulcerated. It leads to symptoms such as bloody or slimy diarrhea, weight loss, abdominal pain and fatigue. Aim: The purpose of this paper is to describe the impact of living with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis in adults. Methods: A literature review. A literature search was performed which resulted in six peer-reviewed articles. Results Articles were then analyzed based on the selected object. Results: The analysis of the articles revealed five recurring themes. These themes are physical aspects of the disease, mental aspects of the disease, social aspects, and loss of control as well as being a parent whom are living with inflammatory bowel disease. Several themes also hold underlying themes. Discussions: Different aspects of the patients’ life were clarified in the results. It allowed the nurse to be prepared and provide god support and care when meeting with the patient.  The result highlights the problems that the patient has been in meetings with nursing staff. The attention on the problems in the patients’ treatment must be enlightened. By teaching patients to manage their condition and get treatment at the first sign of relapse, his or her suffering will decline.