The consumption of indigenous leafy vegetables is a significant tradition and culture of South Africa. The purpose of this research was to investigate the access and consumption of indigenous leafy vegetables in rural and informal settlements of the West Coast District Municipality (WCDM), Western Cape, South Africa. The research identified ILV being available and accessible in WCDM, methods of preparation used as well as the factors influencing the consumption of ILV. A cross sectional descriptive survey design was used and data collection was done using a structured questionnaire. Respondents were randomly selected from the five local municipalities in the West Coast District Municipality. A total of 205 respondents representing 205 households in the rural and informal settlements of the West Coast District Municipality were interviewed. Majority of respondents were black females, unemployed and had no formal qualification. Seventeen indigenous leafy vegetables were identified in the West Coast District and the majority of the respondents consumed indigenous leafy vegetables as part of their diet mainly because of the health benefits and taste. Four methods of cooking, namely stewing, boiling, steaming and frying were used by the respondents to prepare indigenous leafy vegetables and most of the respondents added additional ingredients during cooking such as mealie meal, fish oil and salt. The informal sector was identified as the major source of indigenous leafy vegetables and cultivation of ILV was very limited. The majority of the respondents consumed ILV at least once a week. Preservation of ILV was not a common practice. Factors such as employment status, higher household size and higher income levels did not influence the frequency of ILV consumption. / Life and Consumer Sciences / M. Sc. (Consumer Science)

No description available.

Through lenses of social movement theories, queer theory, intersectionality, performativity, and performance theory, my study employed a qualitative queer(y)ing methodology to explore how three queer theatre festivals contribute to the production of knowledge and learning, community building, and leadership and activism in the queer social movement in Canada. The queer theatre festivals included the Rhubarb festival, Toronto; Pretty, Witty and GAY!, Lethbridge; and OUTstages, Victoria. Data collection methods included participant observation through festival attendance, a postcard survey, and semistructured interviews with festivalgoers, performers, and festival organizers. Findings show that festivalgoers learned through spoken words and visuals of the performances and their embodied/somatic reactions to the performances, self-reflection, collective discourse and reflection, festival design elements, self-learning following the festivals, and from creating a performance and performing. The learning that resulted had significant impacts on festivalgoers including empathy development, therapeutic and healing benefits, a sense of hope, allyship development, and personal transformation. The festivals’ wider societal benefits were found to be increased queer visibility in the communities; the power to shift societal attitudes, beliefs, and behaviour; and economic benefits. The study sheds light on the leadership potential of queer cultural activists and artists (artivist-leaders) as it reveals how the festivals’ act as powerful cultural producing sites with individual and social transformation and learning possibilities. Finally, the study’s findings provide evidence that rejects the claim that a new queer social movement exists and is distinct from the traditional gay and lesbian social movement. / Graduate

Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS) / The Quarterly Labour Force survey by Statistics South Africa (2019) portrays a very bleak future for the South African economy and labour force. The unemployment rate is 27.6% and youth unemployment stands at 55.2%. The National Development Plan (NDP) recognises the relevance of the informal sector and the value that it will contribute to the economy and to solving the challenges of unemployment in South Africa. The NDP projects that the informal sector, which includes domestic work, will create between 1,2 and 2 million new jobs by 2030. Few studies have been conducted on informal trading projects. This study explores the case of a ‗transitional‘ informal enterprise support project aimed at micro-enterprise development wherein 10 informal traders in Cape Town took occupancy of provincial government-sponsored kiosks on 9 May 2016. The Long Street kiosks (LSK) offer 10 traders per year a unique trading opportunity in the CBD free of rent and service charges for a period of one year, with access to a unique and potentially large market. The purpose of this study is to critically examine the role played in the informal enterprise development project by the Western Cape provincial government through its project manager, the Department of Economic Development and Tourism (DEDAT). This research attempts to investigate aspects of project design such as the selection criteria of the informal traders for the project, and selected results such as whether the project provided the traders with enough market exposure to the formal economy and whether their businesses were improved by participation in the project. The qualitative research approach was used for this study of the LSK project, which was a single case study, as both a unit of analysis and as a research method. The study involved a combination of two approaches, namely desktop research followed by interviews and focus group sessions. The study found that a number of limitations and shortcomings in the conduct of the project impacted on the mixed results and success achieved, pertaining to selection criteria, lack of financial and other resources, training, market-related problems, skill set limitations as well as environmental factors such as transport. The study nevertheless cast useful light on potential changes and recommendations that could enhance the project going forward and provides new insights on the complex relationship between the informal and formal ii economies and their relative potential for addressing the challenges of employment and economic growth.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地域研究) / 甲第21896号 / 地博第242号 / 新制||地||89(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科東南アジア地域研究専攻 / (主査)教授 水野 広祐, 教授 岡本 正明, 教授 三重野 文晴 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Area Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

付記する学位プログラム名: デザイン学大学院連携プログラム / 京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第22577号 / 情博第714号 / 新制||情||122(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科社会情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 緒方 広明, 教授 守屋 和幸, 教授 黒田 知宏 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

After more than two decades of democracy, South Africa is still faced with challenges of unemployment, poverty and inequality. The informal sector is one that presents opportunities for making a positive contribution towards solving social problems that South Africa is faced with. While the informal sector is large and offers flexibility in employment, it is associated with low productivity and poor governance as traders in the informal sector are not obliged to register their businesses and therefore cannot make tax contributions. The lack of formalisation of the informal sector not only impacts the government for not being able to account for the sector, but it also creates barriers for those trading in the sector. The study adopted qualitative research methods to gain insights into describing and exploring the meaning research participants use to construct and interpret their world of reality, such as formalising the informal sector to stimulate economic growth in South African Townships. A total of 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted with business owners in the retail informal sector, managers of big corporates in retail in the formal sector and government employees from various departments who were represented by those in relevant positions such as directors, heads of departments, regional and board members. Interviews were analysed by means of thematic analysis. The key findings from literature indicated that the informal sector is broad and there is no one definition of the informal sector. It was also established that there is a direct relationship that exists between the state and the informal sector, however there is an indirect relationship that exists between the formal and informal sector as further explained in institutional and stakeholder theory. The lack of development in the informal sector can be attributed to the non-existence of policies to guide and regulate the existence of the informal sector. The insights shared from the interviews pointed to the applicability of the proposed model in terms of formalising the informal sector. / Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2021. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / MBA / Unrestricted

In informal settlements, shared sanitation facilities offer pragmatic solutions as it allows inhabitants to access sanitation because they cannot install in-house toilets. However, the World Health Organisation (WHO) classifies shared sanitation as unimproved because there is a tendency for facilities to be mismanaged resulting in unhygienic practices. This study addressed the issues around the quality of shared sanitation by looking at how sanitation activities between men and women shape the use and management of shared sanitation facilities within and between households. The study adopted a qualitative research paradigm, at both macro and micro levels, of data collection. It made use of a thorough review of literature and in-depth interviews which provided a deeper insight into how sanitation policy and practice shape and influence sanitation processes in informal settlements and the wider implications they have on state-society relations. A case study method of inquiry of Phomolong informal settlement revealed that shared sanitation is embedded in a host of a complex and overlapping processes, which revolve around tenure insecurity, urban poverty, gender power relations and the historical legacies of racialised urban planning. The study concludes that the absence of a coherent sanitation policy for informal settlements has not only widened sanitation backlogs in informal settlements, but it has significantly deteriorated these communities’ sense of citizenship and belonging. To understand Phomolong’s informality, one has to appreciate that self-management underpins its sanitation processes as a result of inadequate state-led service delivery. Although the Free Basic Sanitation policy (FBSan) is designed to specifically cater for poor urban communities, it has done little to alleviate the challenges of informal urban sanitation. A host of social issues shape how shared sanitation is accessed, perceived and managed on a daily basis. Specifically, gender and tenure status provide an added layer of challenges as women navigate the burden of being the custodians of household health and hygiene as well as their own personal security and dignity. / Dissertation (MSocSci)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Anthropology and Archaeology / MSocSci / Unrestricted

The Sub-Saharan African informal economy is often characterised by underemployment where workers spend countless hours earning bare minimum. This study investigates the impact of microfinance participation on earnings, time spent on market work, household work and leisure among women in the informal economy in Kenya. The findings are that microfinance on average increases earnings and reduces working hours due to a negatively sloping labour supply curve. This can be interpreted as an increase in productivity. As working hours are reduced, it is argued that time spent on the two other activities increase proportionally. If household work and leisure can be interpreted as activities with positive marginal utility, then these changes can be seen as income effects.

Den här studien har undersökt det informella lärandet på arbetsplatsen ur ett medarbetarperspektiv.Tidigare forskning har visat att det informella lärandet är majoriteten av det lärande som sker påarbetsplatsen och därför har den här studien, genom semi strukturerade intervjuer, studerat de faktorersom påverkar informellt lärande på arbetsplatsen. Sex medarbetare har intervjuats och det empiriskamaterialet analyserades genom tematisk analys. Resultatet redovisar de teman som analysarbetetutformade och avslutas med en del som diskuterar huruvida resultatet stämmer överens med tidigareforskning och teoretiska ramverk. Resultatet belyser några av de faktorer som möjliggör det informellalärandet. Arbetsklimatet, relationer till sina kollegor, organisationens struktur och tilldelning avarbetsuppgifter är några av de faktorer som har konstaterats i den här studien. Den här studien visarbetydelsen av ämnet och än en gång att det informella lärandet på arbetsplatsen bör uppmärksammas. / This study aims to research the informal learning in the workplace from the employee’s perspective.Research has shown that informal learning is the major part for learning in the workplace and thereforthis study will, through semi structured interviews, investigate the impacts of informal learning. Theresults confirm the influencing factors from previous research. The results shows that factors like workenvironment, relationships to your colleagues and the structure of the workplace are all important forthe ability of learning in the workplace. The end of this paper discusses the different theoretical factorsand how they relate to the result of this study. Also, this study shows the value of the subject and whyit should be prioritized when it comes to workplace learning. / <p>Betygsdatum 2021-07-01</p>