Small-scale fisheries are learning contexts of importance for generating, transferring, and updating ecological knowledge of natural environments through everyday work practices. The rich knowledge fishers have of local ecosystems is the result of the intimate relationship fishing communities have had with their natural environments across generations (see e.g. Urquhart and Acott 2013). This relationship develops strong emotional bonds to the physical and social place. For fishing communities and fishers – who depend directly on local ecosystems to maintain their livelihoods – fishing environments are natural places for living, working and defining themselves. Previous research on fishers’ ecological knowledge has mainly been descriptive, i.e., has focused on aspects such as reproduction, nutrition and spatial-temporal distribution and population dynamics, from a traditional view of knowledge that only recognises scientific knowledge as the true knowledge. By doing this, fishers’ ecological knowledge has been investigated separately from the learning contexts in which it is generated, ignoring the influence of social, cultural and historical aspects that characterise fishing communities, and the complex relationships between fishers and the natural environments they live and work in. This thesis investigates ecological knowledge among small-scale fishers living and working in the ecosystems of Lake Vättern and the Blekinge Archipelago (Baltic Sea) in Sweden and explores how ecological knowledge is generated with particular regard to the influences of work and nature on fishers’ knowledge of ecosystems. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the knowledge and understanding of informal learning processes of ecosystem complexity among small-scale fishers. This knowledge further contributes to the research field of ecological knowledge and sustainable use and management of natural resources. It addresses the particular research questions of what ecological knowledge fishers generate, and how its generation is influenced by their fishing work practices and relationships to nature. The thesis consists of three articles. Article I focuses on the need to address the significant lack of theoretical and methodological frameworks for the investigation of the cognitive aspects involved in the generation of ecological knowledge. Article II deals with the need to develop theoretical, methodological and empirical frameworks that avoid romanticising and idealising users’ ecological knowledge in local (LEK), indigenous (IEK) and traditional (TEK) ecological knowledge research, by rethinking it as being generated through work practices. Article III addresses the lack of studies that explicitly explore theories linking complex relations and knowledge that humans form within and of ecosystems. It also addressed the lack of attention from environmental education researchers to theory and empirical studies of ‘sense of place’ research, with a particular focus on environmental learning. Research into the question of what ecological knowledge fishers generate shows differences in their ways of knowing ecosystem complexity. These differences are explained in terms of the influences of the species being fished, and the sociocultural contexts distinguishing fishers’ connection to the fishing profession (i.e., familial tradition or entrepreneurship) (Article I), but also by the fishing strategies used (Article II). Results answering the research question of how work practices influence fishers’ knowledge of ecosystem complexity show a way of rethinking their ecological knowledge as generated in a continuous process of work (Article II), thus, far from romantic views of knowledge. Results answering the research question of how fishers’ relationships to nature influence their knowledge of ecosystem complexity demonstrate the complex interconnections between psychological processes such as identity construction, proximity maintenance and attachment to natural environments (Article III). Finally, more similarities than differences between fishers’ knowledge were found, despite the variation in cases chosen, with regards to landscape, target species, regulations systems and management strategies, fishing environments scales, as well as cultural and social contexts. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript.</p><p> </p> / Ecological knowledge and sustainable resource management: The role of knowledge acquisition in enhancing the adaptive capacity of co-management arrangements

Ce qu’il est convenu d’appeler l’économie de la connaissance s’instaure dans un cadre économique différent de celui de l’économie agricole et industrielle, dont la valeur n’est pas produite exclusivement par la propriété foncière et la production d’objets concrets, mais également par la production de formes et par la capitalisation de connaissances. Nous avons privilégié une recherche exploratoire, à partir d’une situation d’observation participante (bourse de thèse CIFRE dans l’entreprise). Nous avons choisi deux études de terrain : AXA France et AXA Seguros México avec l’intention d’identifier des possibles différences culturelles et des opportunités d’échange de ressources entre deux entreprises appartenant au même groupe multinational. Dans les deux contextes, Les techniques sélectionnées ont été essentiellement des entretiens semi-structurés et des observations participantes. Dans cette thèse nous analysons principalement trois axes : la gestion de la connaissance en entreprise, la formation et la circulation de la connaissance et les défis des communautés de pratique et des réseaux sociaux dans les nouveaux contextes organisationnels, principalement dans le cas d’une population d’actuaires. / In the knowledge economy, the economic framework is, however, different from the agricultural and industrial economies, because the value is not produced exclusively by land or tangible objects, but also by the production of forms and the capitalization of knowledge. This research is supported by CIFRE scholarship between AXA Research Founds and Paris Descartes University. We chose to study two fields: AXA France and AXA Seguros México in order to try to define the possible cultural differences and the possible opportunities for sharing resources between both companies that belong to the same multinational group. In both contexts, we used mainly semi-structured interviews and participant observation. In this thesis, we will discuss three aspects: knowledge management within the company, training and circulation of knowledge, and challenges of communities of practice and social networks in new organizational contexts, mainly in the population of actuaries.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thais Cristina de Barros Nobrega.pdf: 1113760 bytes, checksum: 4a2b8c5cdddff897567dde0af48ba8b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-24 / People are in constant interaction in organization. These interactions develop a network of relationships in which different elements are exchanged, among them we have knowledge. Usually these exchanges happen by way of common routine activities over conversations, situation sharing and while performing tasks. This process is called informal learning. So that knowledge may become a competitive advantage, companies must encourage social interactions in the network, learning the nature of the content exchanged and which are the people who carry out an important role in the process of informal learning, which means who the reference-actors are in the organization. This dissertation is a case study of a network of sales representatives from a pharmaceutical laboratory. Its aim is to evaluate what is relevant in defining of a reference-actor in this network, in view of technical knowledge. The study was performed in two stages: a) a focus group was conducted with 15 representatives to better define the problem and b) a quantitative study was conducted with 149 sales representatives. Data analysis was performed using the metrics of Social Network Analysis and sociograms, and also the variables to verify hypotheses. The study results revealed that the choice of a reference-actor is made individually, based on the perception of those who choose. It was concluded that technical knowledge is an important attribute in the choice of a referenceactor, however, relevant knowledge is the one recognized by the peers and deals with general knowledge, since the reference-actors are the same, regardless of the nature of the knowledge. Nonetheless, what happened was that the definition of a reference-actor in this network, the relationships established among the actors are more decisive than the technical knowledge this actor may possess. That is, the choice of an actor as source of information is more tied to the level of trust and closeness this actor has with the one who chose than with his expertise. The results also revealed that there are strong and cohesive subgroups in this network, but no interaction among these subgroups making this network weak, diluted with an untapped potential and unable to generate social capital / de relacionamentos em que diferentes elementos são trocados, dentre os quais está o conhecimento. Geralmente, estas trocas acontecem por meio de atividades cotidianas e corriqueiras, durante conversas, compartilhamento de situações e a realização de tarefas. Esse processo é chamado de aprendizagem informal. Para que o conhecimento se torne uma vantagem competitiva, as empresas devem incentivar as interações sociais na rede, conhecer a natureza do conteúdo trocado e quem são as pessoas que desempenham um papel importante no processo de aprendizagem informal, ou seja, quem são os atores-referência na organização. Esta dissertação é um estudo de caso de uma rede de representantes de vendas de um laboratório farmacêutico. Seu objetivo é avaliar o que é relevante na definição de um atorreferência nesta rede, na perspectiva do conhecimento técnico. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas etapas: a) foi realizado um grupo focal com 15 representantes para melhor definir a problemática e b) foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa com 149 representantes de vendas. A análise dos dados foi feita por meio das métricas de Análise de Redes Sociais e sociogramas, além das variáveis para verificação das hipóteses. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram que a escolha de um ator-referência é feita de forma individual, baseada na percepção de quem escolhe. Concluiu-se que o conhecimento técnico é um atributo importante na escolha do ator-referência, porém, o conhecimento relevante é aquele reconhecido pelos pares e trata-se de um conhecimento geral, já que os atores-referência são os mesmos, independente da natureza do conhecimento. No entanto, o que se verificou foi que para a definição de um ator-referência nesta rede, as relações estabelecidas entre os atores são mais determinantes que o conhecimento técnico que este ator possui. Ou seja, a escolha de um ator como fonte de consulta está mais atrelada ao nível de confiança e à proximidade que este ator possui com que o escolheu do que com sua expertise. Os resultados também revelaram que nesta rede existem subgrupos fortes e coesos, porém não há interação entre estes subgrupos fazendo com que esta seja uma rede fraca, diluída, com um potencial subaproveitado e incapaz de gerar capital social

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:26:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lidiane Mendes Maluli.pdf: 1497993 bytes, checksum: f0bfdae18a511a3b2ae8a454a71a9716 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-06 / The aim of this work was to answer the following question: Which learning activities are present among the business staff of a university? The main goals were: (i) to identify and analyse which work activities, either formal or informal, bring learning knowledge to the business staff of a university; and (ii) to analyse the learning activities, formal and informal, by examining the aspects that facilitate and the obstacles that influence the knowledge acquisition. This work was made in a university in São Paulo city through a quantitative research conducted by means of a survey. The data collection with the business staff was made through a research form based on Slater (2004), adapted to this work. The main results were explored with the use of statistic tools (Excel, SPSS and SmartPLS), which allowed and the confirmatory factorial analysis (based on the final collection results and the pre-test results). The results identified that the staff learn more through informal learning activities, especially when executing their own jobs, interacting with other employees/ students and communicating with themselves. The activities executing their on job and interaction with other employees/students were considered the most important for the administrative employees who took part in the research. The factor individual learning is the one that influences the most the existence of informal learning in the Educational Institution, and it was responsible for 49% of the results in this research. / Este estudo procurou responder ao seguinte problema de pesquisa: Quais atividades de aprendizagem estão presentes entre os funcionários administrativos de uma instituição educacional? Teve como objetivos: (i) identificar e analisar quais atividades de trabalho, tanto formais quanto informais, propiciam aprendizagem entre os funcionários administrativos de uma instituição de ensino; e (ii) analisar as atividades de aprendizagem, formais e informais, examinando-se os fatores que facilitam e os obstáculos que influenciam a aquisição de conhecimento. O estudo foi realizado em uma instituição de ensino da cidade de São Paulo por meio de uma pesquisa quantitativa conduzida a partir de um levantamento (survey). A coleta de dados, realizada com os funcionários administrativos, envolveu o preenchimento de um formulário de pesquisa oriundo do estudo de Slater (2004) e adaptado para este trabalho. Os resultados encontrados foram explorados com base em ferramentas estatísticas (Excel, SPSS e SmartPLS), que propiciaram a execução da análise fatorial confirmatória (a partir dos resultados do pré-teste e da coleta final). Os resultados identificaram que os funcionários aprendem mais por meio de atividades de aprendizagem informal e em especial ao executar seu próprio trabalho, interagir com outros funcionários/alunos e pela comunicação pessoal entre eles. As atividades execução do próprio trabalho e interação com outros funcionários/alunos foram apontadas como as mais importantes para os funcionários administrativos que participaram da pesquisa. O fator aprendizagem individual é o que mais influencia a existência de aprendizagem informal na Instituição Educação e foi responsável por 49% do resultado da pesquisa.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:26:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Andrea Viana.pdf: 1072100 bytes, checksum: 6f8d3fc02d07898e6a125c5b06c47b24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-15 / The aim of this study was to understand the individual and social learning process happening between subjects participating in a social programme called Doutores Cidadãos, organized by the non profit organization Canto Cidadão. Moreover, it was meant to identify, analyse and describe what and how those subjects learn and how they apply those learning experiences in their personal and work life, based on the following question: What and how the volunteers learn individually and collectively when applying their volunteering activities? Therefore, it was designed three specific objectives: the first one was to identify, describe and analyse the individual learning processes this group of volunteers apply so as to develop their volunteer activities. The second one was to describe and analyse the social interactions role inside the environment where the volunteer activities happen, as well as their impact in the development of the learning process. The third and last one was to identify, describe and analyse what those volunteers apply regarding the volunteering experience learning in their formal and informal activities at work. It was carried out a basic or general qualitative study in the interpretational paradigm. The data were collected from the testimonial of 15 volunteer subjects participants in the project through semi structured interview, and analysed based on the template analysis proposed by Nigel King. We were based on the fact that the learning process must be looked at according to a social focus, and not as mere individual phenomena. On the other hand, it happens from human actions and interactions. The results analysis goes back to the social learning theory of Bente Elkjaer and the transformative learning theory of Jack Mezirow, and the focus was on the individual and collective learning. The results show that the volunteering experience was responsible for the transformative learning experiences the subjects have faced, through changes in the personal reference charts. It was also stated informal and social learning processes, indicating a relationship between being a volunteer and acquiring new learning experiences. / Este estudo teve como objetivo geral compreender o fenômeno da aprendizagem individual e social que acontece entre indivíduos participantes do projeto social denominado Doutores Cidadãos, organizado pela ONG Canto Cidadão. Visou a identificar, descrever e analisar o quê e como esses indivíduos aprendem e a forma como aplicam essas aprendizagens em suas vidas pessoais e no trabalho, a partir da seguinte questão orientadora: O que e como os voluntários aprendem individual e coletivamente no exercício de suas atividades voluntárias? Para o alcance do objetivo geral, foram definidos três objetivos específicos. O primeiro: identificar, descrever e analisar os processos de aprendizagem individuais que esse grupo de voluntários utiliza para desempenhar as suas atividades de voluntariado. O segundo: descrever e analisar o papel das interações sociais dentro do ambiente onde ocorrem as atividades voluntárias e a influência dessas experiências no desenvolvimento da aprendizagem. E o terceiro e último objetivo específico: identificar, descrever e analisar o quê esses voluntários aplicam a partir da aprendizagem na experiência voluntária em suas atividades formais e informais de trabalho. Foi conduzido um estudo qualitativo básico ou genérico inserido no paradigma interpretacionista. Os dados foram coletados a partir dos depoimentos de 15 indivíduos voluntários - participantes no projeto - por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, e analisados com base na categorização temática de análise de templates proposta por Nigel King. A pesquisa partiu do entendimento de que a aprendizagem deve ser olhada segundo uma ênfase social, não sendo considerada um fenômeno meramente individual, mas que ocorre a partir das ações e interações humanas. A análise dos resultados articula a teoria da aprendizagem social de Bente Elkjaer e a teoria da aprendizagem transformadora de Jack Mezirow, considerando como foco o processo do aprender em nível individual e coletivo. Os resultados mostram que a experiência do voluntariado proporcionou aos indivíduos aprendizagens transformadoras por intermédio de mudanças nos quadros de referências pessoais. Foram constatados ainda processos de aprendizagem informal e social, indicando que há relação entre o exercício das atividades voluntárias e a aquisição de novas aprendizagens.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:26:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elisangela Deo.pdf: 3582180 bytes, checksum: 740baed1dce10d69df6a49b8310fb468 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-29 / The proposed study aimed to understand how the administrative coordinators of an educational institution learn and maintain their professional skills, strategies to use and what factors act as facilitators or barriers to that learning. The research belongs to the category of mixed methods studies, taking two steps in data collection, the first to use quantitative questionnaire, aimed to identify learning strategies that are used by coordinators and classify them according to use of each strategy; after the classification were selected for the qualitative stage coordinators with higher and lower averages in cognitive and behavioral strategies. The strategies were measured by an instrument created by Pantoja (2004) and adapted by Conte (2011). Individuals surveyed are 60 administrative coordinators of an educational institution, the quantitative data were analyzed by structural equation modeling with partial least squares estimation, the qualitative part was analyzed by the interpretive textual analysis based on Flores (1994). The study enable the understanding of the strategies used by coordinators and also the reason for the use of each strategy. / O estudo proposto teve como objetivo geral compreender como os coordenadores administrativos de uma instituição de ensino aprendem e mantêm suas competências profissionais, que estratégias utilizam e quais fatores funcionam como facilitadores ou barreiras para essa aprendizagem. A pesquisa pertence à categoria de estudos de métodos mistos, tendo duas etapas na coleta de dados, a primeira quantitativa com utilização de questionário, teve a finalidade de identificar as estratégias de aprendizagem que são utilizadas pelos coordenadores e classificá-los de acordo com o uso de cada estratégia; após a classificação, foram selecionados para a etapa qualitativa os coordenadores com maiores e menores médias nas estratégias cognitivas e comportamentais. As estratégias foram mensuradas por um instrumento criado por Pantoja (2004) e adaptado por Conte (2011). Os indivíduos pesquisados são 60 coordenadores administrativos de uma instituição de ensino, os dados da parte quantitativa foram analisados pela modelagem em equações estruturais com estimação por mínimos quadrados parciais, a parte qualitativa foi analisada por meio da análise textual interpretativa baseada em Flores (1994). O estudo possibilitou o entendimento das estratégias mais usadas pelos coordenadores e também da razão que leva ao uso de cada estratégia.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:26:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diogo Reatto.pdf: 2556630 bytes, checksum: dc9a44a090bcadf59f51aecc7ef8c9bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-15 / This research is a basic interpretative and qualitative study underpinned by an interacionist and interpretative epistemological approach that aims to understand how technical - administrative employees learning experiences occur in the workplace of Araçatub a School of Dentistry/UNESP. The research question is: how do technical - administrative employees experience learning throughout their professional tasks in the workplace? . There are three big aims: (a) identify, describe and understand the informal processes used for individuals to learn their professional tasks; (b) describe and analyze the role of the social interactions that occur in the workplace, as well as the influe nce of the organizational context in informal learning; (c) analyze how the workplace context of the studied Faculty supports or raises difficulties to informal learning. The theoretical frame joins the literature about Informal Learning in the workplace with Social Learning Theory by Elkjaer, in order to understand how learning occurs in social environments. It was conducted 16 semi - structured interviews with technical - administrative employees from Academic and Administrative Technical Divisions of Araçat uba School of Dentistry/UNESP. The collected data was analyzed through qualitative data analyses strategy proposed by Flores (1994). I t was concluded that employees learn their tasks informally, by their experience and daily practice in the workplace, during the work process, making questions and exchang ing ideas with their bos ses and colleagues from the own Faculty or from other UNESP faculty , with whom they build a contributive network for informal learning. Facing new and challenging tasks in other jobs is a trigger to informal learning, such as knowing the way as the organization works and studying its internal and external set of laws . The technical - administrative employee proactive behavior encourage s these actions. The employees interactions with the social worlds and subworlds identified in the interviews evoked emotions like gratefu lness, commitment, pleasure and love in the job and by the job, which sometimes support and raise difficulties at times to informal learning. The context factors that influence informal learning in the studied organization are organizational climate, culture and layout, as well as job development expectation and the relationship between newcomers and experienced employees. / Esta pesquisa é um estudo qualitativo interpretativo básico apoiado numa postura epistemológica interpretacionista e interacionista que visa a compreender como ocorrem as experiências de aprendizagem vivenciadas pelos funcionários técnico-administrativos da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba/UNESP em seus locais de trabalho. A pergunta de pesquisa é: "como os funcionários técnico-administrativos de uma faculdade pública vivenciam a experiência da aprendizagem no exercício de suas tarefas profissionais desenvolvidas no local de trabalho? ", e se desdobra em três grandes objetivos: (a) identificar, descrever e compreender os processos informais que esses indivíduos utilizam para aprender suas tarefas profissionais; (b) descrever e analisar o papel das interações sociais que ocorrem no ambiente de trabalho, bem como a influência do contexto na aprendizagem informal; (c) analisar em que medida o ambiente de trabalho da faculdade objeto de estudo favorece e/ou dificulta a aprendizagem informal. O referencial teórico articula a literatura sobre Aprendizagem Informal nos locais de trabalho com a Teoria da Aprendizagem Social de Elkjaer, para compreender como a aprendizagem ocorre em ambientes sociais. Conduziram-se 16 entrevistas semi-estruturadas com servidores técnico-administrativos das Divisões Técnicas Acadêmica e Administrativa da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba/FOA-UNESP. As informações coletadas foram analisadas pela estratégia de análise de dados qualitativos proposta por Flores (1994). Concluiu-se que os servidores aprendem suas tarefas informalmente, por meio da experiência da prática cotidiana no local de trabalho, no processo de trabalho, perguntando e trocando ideias com o superior e com os colegas da própria ou de outra unidade da UNESP, com quem constroem uma rede de relacionamentos contributiva para ações de aprendizagens informais. Enfrentar tarefas novas e desafiadoras em outros cargos ou funções é um gatilho para a aprendizagem desses funcionários, bem como conhecer o funcionam ento da estrutura organizacional e estudar a legislação interna e externa pertinentes à sua função e à organização. Essas ações são incentivadas pelo comportamento proativo do funcionário, o qual carrega consigo e o aplica no local de trabalho. As interaçõ es com os mundos e submundos sociais identificados também despertam emoções como gratidão, comprometimento, prazer e amor no trabalho e pelo trabalho, as quais ora apoiam ora suprimem a aprendizagem. Os fatores de contexto ambiental que influenciam a AI são o clima, a cultura e a estrutura física organizacionais, bem como as expectativas de crescimento no trabalho e a relação entre novatos e experientes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:25:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Mardegan.pdf: 6734833 bytes, checksum: 44c550451932b8eb4d4d20a9673e242b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-19 / This research aim to a basic matter: how planed furniture commercial consultants learn individually and collectively work processes required to the practice of their professional tasks? General objective is to comprehend the manner that individuals (planned furniture commercial consultants) have learned and learn the practice of their professional tasks, inside organizations that manufacture, sell and give assistance in the home furniture sector. To achieve this objective it was established three specified objectives: (a) indentify, describe and comprehend individual processes that this group of people uses to learn their professional tasks; (b) describe and analyze social interactions role inside organizational environment, as well context influence in learning development; (c) describe and analyze personal route from this group of people in this organization type. Research base theories and concepts are: learning which occurs in work sites in collective level; and significant learning in individual level. It was used narrative analysis of life history as a research method under descriptive and interpretative focus. Data were collected through interviews performed with five consultants. Results reveal the relation between formal and informal learning, in collective level, as well the need of a significant learning in order to new knowledge be retained in individual level. Narratives analysis revealed seven main types of informal learning, as following: a) in diary activities; b) in social interactions; c) by means of leadership; d) self-directed; e) reflection; f) observation and g) through errors. It was also identified occurrence of conditions in a manner to acquired learning that was significant to study participants. It is considered that work presented a contribution in the academic sphere to promote a theoretical complementarity between two sectors of knowledge, business management and education. / Esta pesquisa está orientada por uma questão básica: como os consultores comerciais de móveis planejados aprendem individual e coletivamente - os processos de trabalho necessários ao exercício de suas tarefas profissionais? Seu objetivo geral é compreender de que maneira os indivíduos (consultores comerciais de móveis planejados), aprenderam e aprendem o exercício de suas tarefas profissionais, dentro de organizações que fabricam, vendem e prestam assessoria na área de móveis residenciais. Para atender este objetivo foram estabelecidos três objetivos específicos: (a) identificar, descrever e compreender os processos individuais que este grupo de pessoas utiliza para aprender suas tarefas profissionais; (b) descrever e analisar o papel das interações sociais dentro do ambiente organizacional, bem como a influência do contexto no desenvolvimento da aprendizagem; (c) descrever e analisar as trajetórias pessoais deste grupo de pessoas, nesse tipo de organização. As teorias e conceitos que embasam a pesquisa são: a aprendizagem que ocorre nos locais de trabalho no nível coletivo; e a aprendizagem significativa no nível individual. Como método de pesquisa, utilizou-se a análise de narrativas da história de vida profissional, sob um enfoque descritivo e interpretativo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas, realizadas com cinco consultores. Os resultados revelam a relação entre a aprendizagem formal e informal, no nível coletivo, bem como a necessidade de um aprendizado significativo para que o novo conhecimento seja retido, no nível individual. A análise das narrativas revelou sete tipos principais de aprendizagem informal, a saber: a) nas atividades diárias; b) nas interações sociais; c) por meio da liderança; d) autodirigida; e) reflexão; f) observação e g) por meio dos erros. Identificou-se também a ocorrência de condições para que a aprendizagem adquirida fosse significativa para os participantes do estudo. Considera-se que o trabalho apresentou uma contribuição na esfera acadêmica, por promover uma complementaridade teórica entre dois campos de conhecimento, a administração de empresas e a educação.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:25:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mauricio da Silva Pedro.pdf: 1499324 bytes, checksum: 7787cf4da5325a64f3f2a49df3c4e090 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-27 / The global and competitive context lead the organizations to have the expectation that learning and the creation of knowledge take place continuously and to believe that their workers are to share what they know with their coworkers in the group and throughout the organization. In this sense, informal learning that is integrated into the daily lives of people at work, gain importance in the organizational and academic scenery. Therefore the objective of this research is to identify and analyze the factors that influence informal learning in a sales team. The methodology used was quantitative and the data were collected using online survey. The results indicate that people use informal learning as they seek to learn something new in the workplace. They reveal that environmental factors (inhibitors) are not impacting the engagement of the staff in informal learning activities and personal characteristics (facilitators) on the other hand, play the role of motivator for learning. Comparisons were also made between the sales team results and research with teachers, human resource professionals as well as information technology specialists, indicating no significant differences among these groups of professionals. / O contexto global e competitivo faz com que as organizações tenham a expectativa de que a aprendizagem e a criação de conhecimento aconteçam de maneira contínua e que os trabalhadores compartilhem o que sabem com seus pares, no grupo e por toda a organização. Nesse sentido, a aprendizagem informal que está integrada ao cotidiano das pessoas no trabalho, ganha importância no âmbito organizacional e acadêmico. Assim, o objetivo dessa pesquisa é identificar e analisar os fatores que influenciam a aprendizagem informal de uma equipe de vendas. A pesquisa utilizou-se da abordagem quantitativa e a coleta dos dados foi realizada através de questionário eletrônico. Os resultados indicam que as pessoas utilizam a aprendizagem informal quando buscam aprender alguma coisa nova no ambiente de trabalho. Revelam que os fatores ambientais (inibidores) não estão impactando o engajamento dessa equipe em atividades de aprendizagem informal e que as características pessoais (facilitadores), por outro lado, exercem a função de motivador para a aprendizagem. Foram feitas, ainda, comparações entre os resultados encontrados da equipe de vendas com pesquisas junto à professores, profissionais de recursos humanos e também de tecnologia da informação, indicando que não há diferenças significativas entre esses grupos de profissionais.

Cette thèse est l’étude d’une expérience en situation de composition électroacoustique collective sous l’angle du développement d’une communauté de pratique. Elle a été réalisée en France, sur l’année scolaire 2013/2014, dans deux classes de l’école élémentaire publique Pasquier de la ville d’Antony située en région parisienne. Nous parlons donc d’un enseignement collectif de la musique à de jeunes enfants sur le temps scolaire réalisé dans un co-enseignement professeur des écoles et professeur de musique. La « théorie des communautés de pratique » d’Étienne Wenger sera utilisée comme une grille de lecture et un prisme à travers lesquels nous analyserons les interactions des participants au sein d’une expérience de pédagogie musicale de groupe menée en milieu scolaire. Nous étudierons les situations d’apprentissage via les interactions inter et intra-communautaires qui sont pour partie médiatisées par des artefacts informatiques (fichiers audio des pièces musicales, photographies numériques, publications et mises à disposition sur internet, communication par mails, etc.). À ce titre, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’usage et au rôle joué par les technologies de l’informatique et de la communication (TIC) dans les échanges de la communauté ainsi qu’aux théories relatives aux sciences documentaires.Enfin, dans la troisième partie de ce mémoire nous proposons la construction d’un modèle d’action pédagogique privilégiant les interactions que nous considérons comme transposables à l’enseignement universitaire de la composition musicale en environnement Max et Pure Data au département Musique de l’Université Paris 8. / This dissertation is the study of an experiment in a situation of collective electroacoustic composition from the point of view of the development of a community of practice. It was carried out in France, during the school year 2013/2014, in two classes of public elementary school Pasquier of the city of Antony located in Paris suburbs. We are therefore talking about a collective teaching of music to young children on school time realized in a co-teaching school between a teacher and a music teacher.Étienne Wenger's "theory of community of practice" will be used as a grid of reading and a prism through which we analyze the interactions of participants in an experiment of group music pedagogy conducted in school. We will study learning situations in this situation via inter-community and intra-community interactions, which are partly mediated by computer artifacts (audio files of musical selections, digital photos, publications and Internet availability, e-mail communication, etc.). As such, we have been interested in the use and the role played by information and communication technologies (ICT) in the exchanges of the community and in the theories of documentary sciences.Finally, we propose the construction of a pedagogical action model focusing on the interactions that we consider to be transposable to the university teaching of music composition in the Max and Pure Data environment in the Music Department of Paris 8 University.