[pt] A dissertação é resultado de pesquisa teórica sobre a temática da mutação constitucional. Pretende-se resgatar as origens do conceito de mutação constitucional, que surgiu em finais do século XIX e princípios do XX, na Alemanha. Constatou-se que a doutrina constitucional não trata de maneira uniforme o fenômeno da mudança informal da Constituição. As primeiras investigações a tratar do tema da mutação constitucional foram produzidas no marco da Constituição do Império Alemão de 1871, sob um prisma especificamente formalista, nas obras de Laband e Jellinek. O trabalho também descreve e analisa as divergências no tratamento teórico da mutação constitucional, já sob a República de Weimar (1919-1933). Autores como Smend e Heller explicam o fenômeno sob um prisma antiformalista, trabalhando com a idéia de constituição dinâmica. Hsü Dau-Lin (1932) contribui com um estudo mais completo e sistemático do tema da mutação constitucional. Para entender os pressupostos do conceito de mutação constitucional, dedicaram-se algumas linhas à exposição de diferentes conceitos de constituição. A parte final aborda as modalidades de mutação constitucional não só com base na doutrina clássica, mas também apresentando a contribuição de autores contemporâneos. A metodologia utilizada é bibliográfica. Viu-se que sob o ângulo estritamente formalista da Constituição não é possível explicar de forma satisfatória o fenômeno da transformação informal da Constituição. / [en] The dissertation is resulted of theoretical research on the theme of the constitutional mutation. It is intended to rescue the origins of the concept of constitutional mutation, that appeared in the ends of century XIX and principles of the XX, in Germany. It is evidenced that the constitutional doctrine does not deal equally with the phenomenon of the informal change of the Constitution. The first inquiries to deal with the subject of the constitutional mutation had been produced in the landmark of the Constitution of the German Empire of 1871, under a prism specifically formalist, in the workmanships of Laband and Jellinek. The work also describes and analyzes the divergences in the theoretical treatment of the constitutional mutation, already under the Republic of Weimar (1919-1933). Authors as Smend and Heller explain the phenomenon under a prism antiformalist, working with the idea of dynamic constitution. Hsü Dau-Lin (1932) contributes with a more complete and systematic study of the subject of the constitutional mutation. To understand the requisites of the concept of constitutional mutation, some lines had been dedicated to the exposition of different concepts of constitution. The final part does not only approaches the modalities of constitutional mutation on the basis of the classic doctrine, but also presents the contribution of contemporaries authors. The used methodology is bibliographical. It is the conclusion that under the angle strictly formalist of the Constitution is not possible to explain properly the phenomenon of the informal transformation of the Constitution.

Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-06-29T19:49:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Eliene Gomes dos Anjos.pdf: 1947147 bytes, checksum: 48ae9a7d1b39fecc8844d11eb386f350 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-29T19:49:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eliene Gomes dos Anjos.pdf: 1947147 bytes, checksum: 48ae9a7d1b39fecc8844d11eb386f350 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-18 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Neste estudo, investigamos as cooperativas de trabalho da economia solidária. Objetivamos examinar as relações de trabalho e o sentido que esse adquire, para avaliar em que medida e baseados em quais condições as práticas e sentidos representam avanços efetivos para a emancipação dos(as) trabalhadores(as). Para tanto, nos utilizamos da pesquisa quantitativa, com dados do Primeiro Mapeamento Nacional dos Empreendimentos Econômicos Solidários, realizado entre 2005 e 2007; e da pesquisa qualitativa, com a observação direta nos circuitos da economia solidária e quatro estudos de caso. Com base no subconjunto da base de dados, formado somente pelas cooperativas que declararam ter sócios(as) trabalhando no empreendimento e que realizavam a produção ou a prestação de serviços no coletivo, dispusemos de um banco com 1.257 cooperativas para análise. Essa etapa da investigação demonstrou que essas cooperativas enfrentam inúmeras dificuldades para alcançar um desempenho econômico que assegure os direitos sociais, limitando-se, a maioria delas, a remunerarem os/as trabalhadores(as) por produtividade ou horas trabalhadas. Por outro lado, constatamos que as cooperativas ampliaram a participação política dos(as) trabalhadores(as) ao se inserirem nos espaços de reivindicação política da economia solidária e com as demandas em seu entorno. Já a pesquisa qualitativa, realizada em Salvador e em eventos da economia solidária, referendou o quadro descrito com os dados estatísticos, contribuindo para demonstrar que as pessoas que estão nestas experiências são, em sua maioria, mulheres, negras(os), trabalhadores(as) com baixa ou nenhuma qualificação profissional. Em outros termos, verificamos que os/as trabalhadores(as) associados(as) são oriundos de segmentos que historicamente vivenciam processos de exclusão, inseridos(as) em ocupações informais. Nesse contexto, as cooperativas de trabalho da economia solidária propiciam uma situação contraditória. Ao mesmo tempo em que o trabalho associado assume um sentido emancipatório ? uma vez que os/as trabalhadores(as) participam das tomadas de decisão, gestionam coletivamente o empreendimento e se apropriam dos seus resultados ?, também impele à intensificação desse trabalho, caracterizado pela instabilidade, aproximando-se, dessa forma, do trabalho precário. Não obstante, os segmentos que dispõem sua força de trabalho nessas cooperativas conseguiram avanços nas condições de trabalho, se comparadas às formas laborais praticadas anteriormente. No que se refere aos direitos sociais, essas cooperativas ainda têm um longo percurso, pois não conseguiram viabilidade econômica que pudesse assegurar-lhes a sobrevivência. Logo, se impõe a necessidade de uma nova regulação para que esses segmentos não continuem inseridos no trabalho precário e apartados da proteção social, situação essa que persiste nos percursos ocupacionais daqueles(as) que hoje se utilizam da autogestão para garantirem sua reprodução. / In the present study, we investigated the labor cooperatives of solidarity economy. The aim of the sudy was to examine the labor relations and the meaning that labor takes, in order to assess to what extent and under what conditions the practices and meanings represent effective advances toward workers emancipation. To that end, we relied on quantitative research with data from the first nationwide mapping of solidarity economy enterprises, conducted between 2005 and 2007, and on qualitative research based on direct observation in the circles of solidarity economy, as well as four case studies. From the database subset consisting exclusively of cooperatives that claimed to have members working in the enterprise and to undertake collective production or rendering of services, we had data of 1257 cooperatives available for analysis. This step of the investigation revealed that those cooperatives face countless hardships to achieve such economic performance as to guarantee the workers social rights, and are limited, in most cases, to paying their workers on the basis of productivity or hours worked. On the other hand, we found that the cooperatives have widened the political participation of workers as they have been included in the spaces of political claims of solidarity economy and the demands surrounding it. The qualitative research, conducted in Salvador and during solidarity economy events, corroborated the picture drawn by the statistical data, thus contributing to demonstrate that the people involved in those experiences are mostly women, black individuals, workers with no or low professional qualification. In other words, we found that the associated workers come from segments of the population that have historically experienced processes of exclusion and were involved in informal occupations. In that context, solidarity economy labor cooperatives create a contradictory instance. While associated labor carries a sense of emancipation, since the workers take part in the decision-making process, manage the enterprises collectively and share their outcomes, it also promotes the intensification of that form of labor, which is marked by instability ? thus resembling precarious work. Nevertheless, the segments that contribute their workforce to those cooperatives accomplished advances in working conditions when compared with the forms of labor formerly exercised. As far as social rights are concerned, those cooperatives still have a long way to go, since they have not achieved economic viability to assure those rights. Therefore, the need for a new regulation is imperative in order to prevent precarious work and alienation from social protection ? a situation often encountered in the occupational paths of those who currently resort to selfmanagement to ensure their reproduction.

The system of Alternative Dispute Resolution, commonly known as ADR, comprises multiple informal processes. Traditional processes of negotiation, mediation and arbitration are primary processes within the system of ADR. The elements of the primary processes have been combined with one another or with those of public process to form hybrid ADR processes original only to the system of ADR. These hybrid processes are: rent-a-judge, the mini-trial, the summary jury trial, neutral evaluation and mediation/arbitration. Under the auspices of ADR, derivative processes have also been developed, such as expedited arbitration, documents-only arbitration, final-offer arbitration and quality arbitration. Each process is distinct and separate, having its own unique form, function and method of transforming a dispute. Outwardly, this represents a diverse collection of disjunctive processes. Yet an introspective analysis shows that there is an innate centrality that originates in core principles that bind individual processes to each other and to a unified body of theory. These foundational principles of ADR are replicated in each of its processes. In these terms, ADR is therefore conceptualised as a pluralistic system of dispute resolution that consists of autonomous and individual systems of process that conform to a central body of general theory and consensual principles. As a method of extracting the fundamental principles of ADR, the discontinuities and continuities between the theory and principles of civil procedure, as a unitary system .of procedure, and ADR processes are explored. However, in its conclusions, the thesis rejects the premises of a unitary system of procedure as forming the basis for the theory and principles of ADR. Instead, the contrary notion is advanced that ADR is an independent system of dispute resolution which is based on a theory of processual pluralism and supported by cogent processual principles. / Constitutional, International & Indigenous Law / LL.D.

The system of Alternative Dispute Resolution, commonly known as ADR, comprises multiple informal processes. Traditional processes of negotiation, mediation and arbitration are primary processes within the system of ADR. The elements of the primary processes have been combined with one another or with those of public process to form hybrid ADR processes original only to the system of ADR. These hybrid processes are: rent-a-judge, the mini-trial, the summary jury trial, neutral evaluation and mediation/arbitration. Under the auspices of ADR, derivative processes have also been developed, such as expedited arbitration, documents-only arbitration, final-offer arbitration and quality arbitration. Each process is distinct and separate, having its own unique form, function and method of transforming a dispute. Outwardly, this represents a diverse collection of disjunctive processes. Yet an introspective analysis shows that there is an innate centrality that originates in core principles that bind individual processes to each other and to a unified body of theory. These foundational principles of ADR are replicated in each of its processes. In these terms, ADR is therefore conceptualised as a pluralistic system of dispute resolution that consists of autonomous and individual systems of process that conform to a central body of general theory and consensual principles. As a method of extracting the fundamental principles of ADR, the discontinuities and continuities between the theory and principles of civil procedure, as a unitary system .of procedure, and ADR processes are explored. However, in its conclusions, the thesis rejects the premises of a unitary system of procedure as forming the basis for the theory and principles of ADR. Instead, the contrary notion is advanced that ADR is an independent system of dispute resolution which is based on a theory of processual pluralism and supported by cogent processual principles. / Constitutional, International and Indigenous Law / LL.D.