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This degree project begins with a general introduction of the topic embedded systems in electrical testing and diagnostic devices in industries within the field of human-computer interaction. Then it continues with a deeper view of the problem area and the specific products which are in focus of this project. The company which the study is carried out in, produces and develops many types of test equipment (in a more generalized term called smart electrical testing and diagnostic devices) to the electrical supply industry. The importance of a usable user-interface is greater today than several years ago as the competition between companies include not only technical performance but also usability [4]. Therefore it is highly important to design a user-interface and navigation structure to combine a company’s all products and create a sense of recognition within them. A high level of recognition is in this case, a userinterface and a navigation structure that are recognizable and understandable when the end-user interacts with different products. The information architecture and user-interface design is not very often prioritized in a company as the budget is often much greater for technology than it is for information architecture. Prior the information architecture was more about technology but today it is about system information and content [8]. In this study, three methods are used to make an attempt to collect data to answer and discuss the research question “Is it possible to design a homogenous navigation structure in electrical testing and diagnostic devices for different end-user types?”  This study shows that it is very difficult to get a straight forward answer to how a sustainable and homogeneous information architecture and navigation structure for smart electrical testing and diagnostic devices should be designed. Although, the results could give a substantial input and information towards a common userinterface platform and act as guidelines for the development of products. / Den här uppsatsen är en fördjupning i området människa-dator interaktion och användbarhet och börjar med en generell introduktion om ämnet inbyggda system som används i elektriska test- och verifieringsverktyg i industrin. Fortsättningsvis beskrivs en problemformulering och en förklaring av de produkter som är i fokus i denna studie. Företaget som studien är utförd hos utvecklar och tillverkar olika typer av provutrustning för elkraftsbranschen. Sådan mätutrustning ingår i begreppet intelligenta elektriska test- och verifieringsverktyg och hanteras med hjälp av inbyggda pekskärmar. Att ha ett användarbart grafiskt gränssnitt är viktigare idag än det var för många år sedan, detta eftersom företag konkurrerar med användbarhet i produkter och inte enbart med teknisk prestanda [4]. Därför är det viktigt att designa ett användargränssnitt och navigationsstruktur för att sammanföra ett företags alla produkter och skapa en känsla av igenkänning mellan dem. Ett bra mått på igenkänningsfaktorn är i det här fallet ett användargränssnitt och en navigationsstruktur som är igenkänningsbara och förstådda när slutanvändaren interagerar med olika typer av produkter.  Informationsarkitektur och användardesign är inte alltid prioriterat hos ett industriellt företag då budgeten för tekniken är långt större än för användardesignen. Tidigare handlade informationsarkitektur mer om teknik, men nuförtiden är det mer om systeminformation och dess innehåll [8]. I den här studien har tre metoder använts för att samla data till och besvara frågan ”Är det möjligt att designa en homogen navigationsstruktur till olika typer av slutanvändare av elektriska test- och verifieringsverktyg?”  Den här studien visar att det är svårt att erhålla ett rättframt och entydigt svar på ämnesområdet hur man designar en hållbar och homogen informations- och navigationsstruktur för intelligenta elektriska mätutrustningar. Studien påvisar också att en mängd information kan inhämtas genom att studera användbarhet med hjälp av olika testmetoder. Allt detta i syfte att ge en plattform till utvecklarna som kan agera grund för deras utvecklingsarbete med gränssnittet.

A presente tese postula que a aplicação da Arquitetura da Informação em revistas eletrônicas pode auxiliar a promoção da colaboração entre os membros da comunidade científica. Por isso, o resultado de sua aplicação também deve ser objeto da avaliação, assim como os outros aspectos comumente avaliados pelos instrumentos tradicionais. A fim de demonstrar isso empiricamente, e com base no estado da arte sobre o tema, foi criado um instrumento de avaliação de revistas científicas que engloba, além dos sistemas de organização, busca, rotulação e navegação, também o sistema de interação das revistas, com foco na colaboração. Esse instrumento permitiu inspecionar a presença da Arquitetura da Informação e a promoção da colaboração em três revistas científicas de importância mundial: Nature, Science e PLOS Biology. Verificou-se que as revistas apresentam as seguintes ações: planejamento de Arquitetura da Informação; inserção de recursos colaborativos; presença na mídia social; descrição de métricas a partir de divulgação na mídia social; integração da comunicação científica formal e informal. A análise identificou os pontos fortes e as possibilidades de aperfeiçoamento em cada uma das revistas, mas ainda mais importante, permitiu testar um instrumento composto de indicadores que podem se constituir em metas a serem alcançadas pelas revistas científicas em geral, que tenham como objetivo aprimorar a sua relação com as comunidades científicas. Esta pesquisa também sugeriu que as revistas incorporem elementos tecnológicos oriundos das redes sociais, cujos sistemas já foram testados e contam hoje com uma ampla gama de usuários. Por fim, constatou-se o movimento na direção da ampliação da comunicação científica por meio das revistas científicas, incluindo uma nova etapa histórica de colaboração na ciência em rede. / The present thesis postulates that the application of Information Architecture in electronic journals can help to promote collaboration between members of the scientific community. Therefore, the result of their application must also be the object of evaluation, as well as other aspects generally evaluated by traditional instruments. In order to demonstrate this empirically, based on state of the art on the subject, it has created an assessment tool of scientific journals which includes, in addition to organizing systems, search, labeling and navigation, also the journal interaction system, focusing on collaboration. This instrument allowed to inspect the presence of Information Architecture and the promotion of collaboration in three science journals of global importance: Nature, Science e PLOS Biology. It was found that the journals presents the following actions: planning of Architecture Information; integration of collaborative resources; social media presence; metrics description from social media dissemination; integration of formal and informal science communication. The analysis identified strengths and possibilities for improvement in each of the journals but more importantly, has tested a compound indicators instrument that may constitute targets to be achieved by scientific journals in general, which aim to improve its relationship with the scientific communities. This research also suggests that journals incorporate technological elements coming from social networks, whose systems have been tested and nowadays have a wide range of users. Finally, it was notice the movement toward the expansion of scientific communication through science journals, including a new historical stage of collaboration in network science.

The emergence of digital technology, social media and ubiquitous computing in the 21stcentury changed customer behavior and created new possibilities, but also challenges, forcompanies offering their services. The new customer generation is more tech-savvy thanever before, and therefore places higher demands on companies to have well-designed experienceswith services that can be consumed through various channels. This study investigatesthese service environments to see if they are actively shaped to cross-channel ecosystemsby the companies or if the companies react to the demands of their customers. Furthermore,the goal of this thesis is to find out how the current theory of cross-channel userexperience can assist in formulating design strategies for service ecosystems. To determinethis, the authors conducted a theoretical analysis of the current IS literature and created,based on that, a cross-channel user experience design framework. Within a case study of aSwedish transportation company, company and user interviews, direct observations of theavailable service artifacts, analysis of documentation, and the design of the user journeyswere executed to assess the as-is ecosystem. On the basis of these results, it was proventhat cross-channel ecosystems are shaped based on user demands. The created frameworkwas applied to formulate a language of critique of the cross-channel user experience designof the underlying case study, and the framework was proven to be applicative to practiceafter adjusting it to its final version.

A presente tese postula que a aplicação da Arquitetura da Informação em revistas eletrônicas pode auxiliar a promoção da colaboração entre os membros da comunidade científica. Por isso, o resultado de sua aplicação também deve ser objeto da avaliação, assim como os outros aspectos comumente avaliados pelos instrumentos tradicionais. A fim de demonstrar isso empiricamente, e com base no estado da arte sobre o tema, foi criado um instrumento de avaliação de revistas científicas que engloba, além dos sistemas de organização, busca, rotulação e navegação, também o sistema de interação das revistas, com foco na colaboração. Esse instrumento permitiu inspecionar a presença da Arquitetura da Informação e a promoção da colaboração em três revistas científicas de importância mundial: Nature, Science e PLOS Biology. Verificou-se que as revistas apresentam as seguintes ações: planejamento de Arquitetura da Informação; inserção de recursos colaborativos; presença na mídia social; descrição de métricas a partir de divulgação na mídia social; integração da comunicação científica formal e informal. A análise identificou os pontos fortes e as possibilidades de aperfeiçoamento em cada uma das revistas, mas ainda mais importante, permitiu testar um instrumento composto de indicadores que podem se constituir em metas a serem alcançadas pelas revistas científicas em geral, que tenham como objetivo aprimorar a sua relação com as comunidades científicas. Esta pesquisa também sugeriu que as revistas incorporem elementos tecnológicos oriundos das redes sociais, cujos sistemas já foram testados e contam hoje com uma ampla gama de usuários. Por fim, constatou-se o movimento na direção da ampliação da comunicação científica por meio das revistas científicas, incluindo uma nova etapa histórica de colaboração na ciência em rede. / The present thesis postulates that the application of Information Architecture in electronic journals can help to promote collaboration between members of the scientific community. Therefore, the result of their application must also be the object of evaluation, as well as other aspects generally evaluated by traditional instruments. In order to demonstrate this empirically, based on state of the art on the subject, it has created an assessment tool of scientific journals which includes, in addition to organizing systems, search, labeling and navigation, also the journal interaction system, focusing on collaboration. This instrument allowed to inspect the presence of Information Architecture and the promotion of collaboration in three science journals of global importance: Nature, Science e PLOS Biology. It was found that the journals presents the following actions: planning of Architecture Information; integration of collaborative resources; social media presence; metrics description from social media dissemination; integration of formal and informal science communication. The analysis identified strengths and possibilities for improvement in each of the journals but more importantly, has tested a compound indicators instrument that may constitute targets to be achieved by scientific journals in general, which aim to improve its relationship with the scientific communities. This research also suggests that journals incorporate technological elements coming from social networks, whose systems have been tested and nowadays have a wide range of users. Finally, it was notice the movement toward the expansion of scientific communication through science journals, including a new historical stage of collaboration in network science.

A presente tese postula que a aplicação da Arquitetura da Informação em revistas eletrônicas pode auxiliar a promoção da colaboração entre os membros da comunidade científica. Por isso, o resultado de sua aplicação também deve ser objeto da avaliação, assim como os outros aspectos comumente avaliados pelos instrumentos tradicionais. A fim de demonstrar isso empiricamente, e com base no estado da arte sobre o tema, foi criado um instrumento de avaliação de revistas científicas que engloba, além dos sistemas de organização, busca, rotulação e navegação, também o sistema de interação das revistas, com foco na colaboração. Esse instrumento permitiu inspecionar a presença da Arquitetura da Informação e a promoção da colaboração em três revistas científicas de importância mundial: Nature, Science e PLOS Biology. Verificou-se que as revistas apresentam as seguintes ações: planejamento de Arquitetura da Informação; inserção de recursos colaborativos; presença na mídia social; descrição de métricas a partir de divulgação na mídia social; integração da comunicação científica formal e informal. A análise identificou os pontos fortes e as possibilidades de aperfeiçoamento em cada uma das revistas, mas ainda mais importante, permitiu testar um instrumento composto de indicadores que podem se constituir em metas a serem alcançadas pelas revistas científicas em geral, que tenham como objetivo aprimorar a sua relação com as comunidades científicas. Esta pesquisa também sugeriu que as revistas incorporem elementos tecnológicos oriundos das redes sociais, cujos sistemas já foram testados e contam hoje com uma ampla gama de usuários. Por fim, constatou-se o movimento na direção da ampliação da comunicação científica por meio das revistas científicas, incluindo uma nova etapa histórica de colaboração na ciência em rede. / The present thesis postulates that the application of Information Architecture in electronic journals can help to promote collaboration between members of the scientific community. Therefore, the result of their application must also be the object of evaluation, as well as other aspects generally evaluated by traditional instruments. In order to demonstrate this empirically, based on state of the art on the subject, it has created an assessment tool of scientific journals which includes, in addition to organizing systems, search, labeling and navigation, also the journal interaction system, focusing on collaboration. This instrument allowed to inspect the presence of Information Architecture and the promotion of collaboration in three science journals of global importance: Nature, Science e PLOS Biology. It was found that the journals presents the following actions: planning of Architecture Information; integration of collaborative resources; social media presence; metrics description from social media dissemination; integration of formal and informal science communication. The analysis identified strengths and possibilities for improvement in each of the journals but more importantly, has tested a compound indicators instrument that may constitute targets to be achieved by scientific journals in general, which aim to improve its relationship with the scientific communities. This research also suggests that journals incorporate technological elements coming from social networks, whose systems have been tested and nowadays have a wide range of users. Finally, it was notice the movement toward the expansion of scientific communication through science journals, including a new historical stage of collaboration in network science.

Bildhantering är idag mer populärt än någonsin. Marknaden erbjuder fler, bättre och enklare kameror vilket resulterar i att allt fler tar bilder för att publicera på olika sätt. Digital bildhantering är mer än bara ett populärt tidsfördriv, det har blivit ett sätt att kommunicera på. Oavsett användningsområde så krävs det mycket av de program och system som hanterar digitala bilder. Det är idag ett stort behov, men också ett krav, i många branscher. Tidigare forskning visar på att det finns en kunskapslucka inom bildhantering ur ett användarcentrerat perspektiv.Denna studie handlar om bildhantering utifrån ett användarcentrerat perspektiv där fokus kommer att ligga på användarupplevelse och informationsarkitektur. För att få en positiv användarupplevelse krävs ett bra användarflöde. Användaren ska inte behöva avbrytas i sitt arbete på grund av en dålig struktur i gränssnittet. Irritation och frustration ska undvikas. Avgränsning i studien har gjorts gällande gränssnitt som hanterar övriga typer av filer samt gränssnitt som ligger på webben och i “molnet”. Syftet med studien är att identifiera viktiga faktorer då användaren strukturerar och hanterar bilder för att bidra till en bättre upplevelse och ett bättre användarflöde. En fallstudie genomfördes för att utvärdera och undersöka gränssnittet för ImageVault, ett digitalt bibliotek för bilder. Uppdragsgivaren i fallstudien var Meriworks AB. Utifrån den teori som studien behandlar har ett antal designprinciper framställts. Dessa designprinciper låg sedan till grund för den heuristiska utvärdering som gjordes för att få en helhetsbild över gränssnittet. För att få ett mer användarcentrerat perspektiv i studien genomförde författarna även 18 intervjuer med befintliga användare av gränssnittet. Intervjufrågor utformades med hjälp av den teori som tagits fram. Baserat på de intervjuer som gjordes har personas och scenarier skapats för att sedan resultera i ett antal mockuper som visar på framtida funktionalitet och struktur över gränssnittet.Studien har fokuserat mycket på att utvärdera ett gränssnitt utifrån användarnas perspektiv, hur uppbyggnaden är gällande ett gränssnitt som hanterar digitala bilder. Författarna strävade efter att ta reda på hur man kan uppfylla användarens behov och mål och samtidigt konstruera ett gränssnitt som hanterar digitala bilder på ett bättre sätt med hjälp av informationsarkitektur och användarflöde. Under studien har författarna identifierat ett antal faktorer som ansetts vara viktiga vid kategorisering och hantering av bilder i digitala bibliotek. Dessa faktorer är ett resultat utifrån studiens teoretiska ramverk och fallstudiens datainsamling tillsammans med de mockuper som skapats. Dessa faktorer kan ligga till grund för att utveckla gränssnitt som behandlar digital bildhantering. Fortsatt forskning behövs för att ta reda på faktorernas validitet men även för att undersöka om dessa faktorer behöver kompletteras ytterligare. / Today imaging is more popular than ever. More pictures will be published in different ways since the market offers more, better and simpler cameras. Digital imaging is more than just a popular time-killer, it has become a way to communicate. Whatever their intended use, it is required a lot from the programs and systems that handle digital images. There is a great need, but also a requirement in many industries. Previous research shows that there is a gap of knowledge in imaging from a user-centered perspective.This essay is about imaging based on a user-centered approach with a focus on user experience and information architecture in the world of digital photo libraries. A positive user experience requires great user flow. The user shouldn’t have to be interrupted in their work due to a poor structure of the interface. Irritation and frustration should be avoided. Interfaces that manage other types of files and interfaces located on the Web and in "the cloud" have been delimited in this essay. The purpose of this essay is to identify important factors when categorizing and managing images for contributing to a better experience and a better user flow. The company Meriworks AB has given the authors the task of evaluating and investigating the interface for ImageVault, a digital library of images. A number of design principles have been created based on the theories that the essay contains. These design principles formed the basis for the heuristic evaluation that was done to give the authors an overview of the interface. To get a more user-centered perspective, 18 interviews with existing users of the interface were carried out. Based on the theories of the essay interview questions were designed. Based on the interviews personas and scenarios were created, to the result in a number of mockups showing future functionality and structure of the interface.The study has focused very much on evaluating an interface based on user perspective and how the structure is built in an interface that manages digital images. The authors aimed to determine how to meet the user's needs and goals and designing an interface that manages digital photos in a better way with the help of information architecture and user flow. During the study, a number of factors have been identified which are considered important for the categorization and management of images in digital photo libraries. These factors are the result, based on the theoretical framework of the essay and the data collection of the case study together with the mockups created. These factors may be the basis for developing interfaces that deal with digital imaging. Further research is needed to find out the validity of the factors, but also to examine whether these factors need to be supplemented further.

The topic of this thesis is to analyze the websites of selected faculties in the Czech Republic. There are mainly defined general, legal and theoretical elements and methods of websites and the possibility of further examination and analysis in the extensive theoretical parts The practical part evaluates data outputs based on the analysis of individual pages as well as consultation with an expert in the field. The work is based on current trends, production sites and their contemporary design. The first chapter discusses the criterion and selected methods. The next chapter describes the usability and actual testing of university websites. In conclusion, there is a summary of literature and it is stated relative positions of the university websites and design modifications that can be done on websites of the University of Economics in Prague.

Legimus är ett online bibliotek som tillhör Myndigheten för tillgängliga medier. Myndigheten för tillgängliga medier arbetar för att ge männi-skor med olika förutsättningar tillgång till litteratur och samhällsin-formation. Legimus är ett verktyg som används för att ge människor med läsnedsättningar tillgång till litteratur. Legimus har en webbplats som användare kan få tillgången att läsa litteratur på. Som ett viktigt koncept i inom interaktionen mellan människan och da-torn påverkar användbarheten och webbplatsens användarvänlighet besökarens upplevelse. På grund av detta fokuserar detta arbete på an-vändarvänligheten på Legimus webbplats. Syftet med detta arbete är att göra en fallstudie kring vad som gör Legi-mus användarvänlig samt att fokusera på vald målgrupp för att ta reda på svårigheter och vad de förväntar sig av användningen av den valda webbplatsen. Den valda frågeställningen är följande: Har Legimus lyck-ats attrahera sin prioriterade målgrupp hos studenterna på Högskolan Dalarna med webbsidans design och användarvänlighet. För att utföra detta arbete har en kvalitativ metod valts där studenter på Högskolan Dalarna intervjuas, därefter analyseras resultaten med hjälp av fyra teman som intervjufrågorna är uppdelade i. Resultatet visar att respondenterna hade olika uppfattningar kring an-vändarvänligheten. En del respondenter ansåg webbplatsen vara otydlig till en början, men med tiden lärt sig använda webbplatsen. Majoriteten av respondenterna ansåg webbsidan vara enkel samt tydlig. Responden-terna fick möjligheten att ta fram deras egna synpunkter angående webbplatsen. Där hade majoriteten av respondenterna förslag på för-bättringar av webbsidans design. Den slutsats som dragit är inte att respondenterna upplevt webbsidans design lockande. Respondenterna ansåg att de hade använts sig av webbplatsen även om designen var sämre med tanke på behovet av Le-gimus verktyg. Majoriteten av användarna ansåg att webbplatsen var användarvänlig men för att säkerställa min slutsats avslutades intervjun med frågan om respondenterna ansåg webbplatsen vara användarvän-lig. Samtliga respondenterna ansåg den vara användarvänlig, vilket stär-ker min slutsats. / Legimus is an online library owned by the Myndigheten för tillgängliga medier. Myndigheten för tillgängliga medier provides people with dif-ferent circumstances the access to public literature and information. Legimus is a tool that enables people with reading difficulties to access literature. Legimus has a website where users can read the literature. As an important concept in the interaction between man and computer, the usability and user-friendliness of the website affects the visitor's ex-perience. Because of this, this work focuses on the user-friendliness of the Legimus website. The purpose of this work is to do a case study on what makes Legimus user-friendly and to focus on the selected target group to find out diffi-culties and what they expect from the use of the selected website. The chosen question is as follows: Has Legimus succeeded in attracting its priority target group of the students at Dalarna University with the web-site's design and user-friendliness. To carry out this work, a qualitative method has been chosen where stu-dents at Dalarna University are interviewed, after which the results are analysed with the help of four themes into which the interview ques-tions are divided. The results show that the respondents had different views on user-friendliness. Some respondents considered the website to be unclear at first, but over time learned to use the website. Most of the respondents considered the website to be simple and clear. The respondents were given the opportunity to express their own views regarding the website. There, most respondents had suggestions for improvements to the de-sign of the website. The conclusion drawn is not that the respondents found the website's design attractive. The respondents considered that they had used the website even if the design was worse given the need for Legimus webpage. Most of the users considered the website to be user-friendly, but to ensure my conclusion, the interview ended with the question of whether the respondents considered the website to be user-friendly. All the respondents considered it to be user-friendly, which strengthens my conclusion.

Architects design physical structures to allow visitors to perform certain actions. The same idea can be applied to the digital landscape [18]. Physical architectural design of spaces for employees within the metals industry influence and improve productivity [14], whereas a suboptimal intranet design can cause decreased productivity in a digital landscape [20]. During an IT conference in June 2018, it was established that 75% of enterprise cloud-based system users consider the complexity of implementation or operations top obstacles to usage. Productivity, efficiency, and consideration for people are strategic values at Boliden Group AB [22], yet the internal Document Management System (DMS) indicated the opposite to be true. The DMS was thus analyzed using Information Architecture (IA) principles; context, content, and users [3], through a case study including (3) stakeholder and (1) expert interviews, an internal questionnaire with 631 respondents, external State-of-the-Art (SoA) analysis including sketch and (4) interviews and a final survey with 35 respondents. Results indicated inconclusive policies concerning education in Information Systems (IS); problematic DMS user interface (UI) and branding; IS restriction to Microsoft (MS) Office365 and a desire to use Sharepoint increasingly. The overall impression indicated desire to follow the strategy at Boliden Group AB, through well defined methods and goals, and focus on simplifying processes. The State-of-the-Art analysis identified success factors organization, emails, publishing, tools, and findability. Recommendations propose to leverage impressions particularly regarding strategy, UI and training. Improvements to the IA should be done following complementary user-focused research in two steps; Search-log analysis followed by Contextual inquiry. Applied improvements from the State-of-the-Art analysis were visualized in a sketch that can, collectively with future user insights, be used to inspire a developed Digital Workplace with Sharepoint UI and more intuitive document management for the common user, in order to provide simplifying recommendations for improved IAand productivity. / Arkitekter designar fysiska strukturer för besökare ska kunna utföra vissa handlingar. Samma idé kan tillämpas på det digitala landskapet [18]. Utformning av fysiska utrymmen för anställda inom metallindustrin har visats förbättra produktivitet [14]; en suboptimal design av intranät kan däremot leda till minskad produktivitet i ett digitalt landskap [20]. Under en IT-konferens i juni 2018 fastställdes att 75% av företags molnbaserade systemanvändare anser att komplexitet i genomförande eller daglig verksamhet de största hindren till användning. Produktivitet, effektivitet och hänsyn till människor är strategiska värderingar hos Boliden Group AB [22], men det interna dokumenthanteringssystemet (DMS) talade för det motsatta. DMS analyserades därför med applicerade InformationsArkitekturs(IA) -principer; sammanhang, innehåll och användare [3]. Resultaten indikerade otydliga policies avseende utbildning i informationssystem (IS); problematiskt DMS, speciellt avseende användargränssnitt (UI) och branding; Begränsning till MS (Microsoft) Office365, med vilja att använda Sharepoint; State-of-the-art (SoA) -analys framgångsfaktorer organisering, e-post, publicering, verktyg och tillgänglighet; konsekvent helhetsintryck av en önskan att följa strategin på Boliden Group AB genom väldefinierade metoder och mål, och fokus på förenklande processer. Rekommendationer till följd av detta föreslår att särskilt utnyttja intryck gällande strategi, UI och utbildning. Förbättringar av IA bör göras efter kompletterande användarfokuserad forskning i två steg; Search-log analysis (sökloggsanalys) följt av Contextual inquiry (kontextuell undersökning). Tillämpade förbättringar från SoA-analysen visualiserades i en attrapp som tillsammans med framtida användarinsikter kan användas för att inspirera en utvecklad Digital Workplace med Sharepoint UI och mer intuitiv dokumenthantering för användare, för att förenklarekommendationer för förbättrad IA och produktivitet.