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Les procédés d'élaboration de pièces composites par infusion de résine, malgré leurs nombreux avantages, peinent à s'imposer dans les phases de production industrielle en raison de difficultés pour les maitriser. Ainsi, en partenariat avec ESI Group, un modèle complet pour la simulation de ces procédés est développé à l'ENSM-SE depuis les travaux précurseurs de P. Celle.Nos travaux portent sur la généralisation de ce modèle afin de traiter des cas, ainsi que sur son extension à la simulation des écoulements " post-infusion ". L'approche repose sur un découpage du domaine en trois zones (drainant, préformes imprégnées, préformes sèches) consistant ainsi à coupler un écoulement de Stokes dans le drainant à un écoulement de Darcy dans les préformes. De plus, l'influence mutuelle de la résine sur le comportement des préformes et de la déformation des préformes sur la perméabilité est considérée, à travers la loi de Terzaghi et des lois exprimant la perméabilité en fonction de la fraction de fibres, paramètre accessible uniquement dans une approche 3D mécanique couplée. Enfin, le procédé est découpé en trois phases : compression initiale des préformes sèches, remplissage et " post-infusion ". Les méthodes numériques, développées dans ces travaux, s'appliquent à des cas réels d'infusion souvent mis de côté dans les publications récentes car inaccessibles, impliquant des perméabilités très faibles (~10-15 m²), un drainant fin (~1 mm) et des géométries complexes.Cette approche innovante a été implémentée dans un code de calcul industriel (ProFlotTM), validée analytiquement sur des cas tests et expérimentalement sur des cas industriel dans le cadre du projet européen INFUCOMP.

This study explores teachers' beliefs, views and experiences of the design principles of integration, progression and infusion in the Life Orientation (LO) curriculum at the Intermediate Phase level. Integration, progression and infusion are integral to the South Africa Curriculum Statement and the LO curriculum in particular, as they serve the connection, sequence and technique of linking different learning contents. The aims of the study were: (i) to determine to which extent if any can the principles of feminism be used to influence curriculum integration, progression and infusion in the LO curriculum; (ii) to use different theories of feminism to enhance our understanding of curriculum integration, progression and infusion in the LO curriculum; (iii) to determine teachers' beliefs and experiences of curriculum integration, progression and infusion in the LO curriculum. To achieve these aims, on a theoretical level, I synthesised and analysed different theories of feminist discourses into different themes such as location, caring relations, knowing and thinking. These themes were related to the principles of curriculum integration, progression and infusion and these were used as a frame of reference to make suggestions on the various ways to enhance LO teachers' classroom practice of integration, progression and infusion at the Intermediate Phase. Empirically, I explored the LO teachers' views, beliefs and experiences. Consequently, I situated the study in an interpretative paradigm. I used qualitative research design and methodology with a phenomenological approach, by means of unstructured interviews, classroom observations and focus-group interviews. Three primary schools were purposefully selected for the study. The three principals of the schools were interviewed for the unstructured interviews while nine teachers were interviewed in three focus groups. To strengthen the interviews, I observed nine LO classrooms. The data that I generated as a result of the study were analysed by means of content analyses. The themes that emerged were categorised into different classes, namely: lack of adequate consultation, learning content repetition, learning content outdatedness, learning content irrelevancy, among others. It was deduced that these themes which formed the participants' experiences of integration, progression and infusion in the LO curriculum were arrived at as a result of their inherent approach which was described as a one-dimensional approach. A one-dimensional approach is that which stipulates a step-by- step approach to the design of curriculum. The Multi-dimensional approach embedded in multiple realities underpinning feminist discourses was suggested as an alternative. A multi-dimensional approach to the design of the curriculum includes the active contribution of various individuals to curriculum design. / Thesis (MEd (Curriculum Development))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

This study explores teachers' beliefs, views and experiences of the design principles of integration, progression and infusion in the Life Orientation (LO) curriculum at the Intermediate Phase level. Integration, progression and infusion are integral to the South Africa Curriculum Statement and the LO curriculum in particular, as they serve the connection, sequence and technique of linking different learning contents. The aims of the study were: (i) to determine to which extent if any can the principles of feminism be used to influence curriculum integration, progression and infusion in the LO curriculum; (ii) to use different theories of feminism to enhance our understanding of curriculum integration, progression and infusion in the LO curriculum; (iii) to determine teachers' beliefs and experiences of curriculum integration, progression and infusion in the LO curriculum. To achieve these aims, on a theoretical level, I synthesised and analysed different theories of feminist discourses into different themes such as location, caring relations, knowing and thinking. These themes were related to the principles of curriculum integration, progression and infusion and these were used as a frame of reference to make suggestions on the various ways to enhance LO teachers' classroom practice of integration, progression and infusion at the Intermediate Phase. Empirically, I explored the LO teachers' views, beliefs and experiences. Consequently, I situated the study in an interpretative paradigm. I used qualitative research design and methodology with a phenomenological approach, by means of unstructured interviews, classroom observations and focus-group interviews. Three primary schools were purposefully selected for the study. The three principals of the schools were interviewed for the unstructured interviews while nine teachers were interviewed in three focus groups. To strengthen the interviews, I observed nine LO classrooms. The data that I generated as a result of the study were analysed by means of content analyses. The themes that emerged were categorised into different classes, namely: lack of adequate consultation, learning content repetition, learning content outdatedness, learning content irrelevancy, among others. It was deduced that these themes which formed the participants' experiences of integration, progression and infusion in the LO curriculum were arrived at as a result of their inherent approach which was described as a one-dimensional approach. A one-dimensional approach is that which stipulates a step-by- step approach to the design of curriculum. The Multi-dimensional approach embedded in multiple realities underpinning feminist discourses was suggested as an alternative. A multi-dimensional approach to the design of the curriculum includes the active contribution of various individuals to curriculum design. / Thesis (MEd (Curriculum Development))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infusion tests can be used to estimate the dynamic properties of the CSF system. Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) is a syndrome signified by a disturbance to the CSF system, where the cause is unknown and the diagnosis is difficult to determine. As an aid in identifying patients with INPH who will improve after shunt surgery, infusion tests are commonly used to determine the outflow conductance (Cout), or outflow resistance (Rout=1/Cout), of the CSF system. The tests are also used to determine shunt function in vivo. The general aim of this thesis was to develop and validate CSF infusion methods, to investigate the dynamics of the CSF system. The methods should be applicable to patients with INPH, to aid in the quest to further improve the diagnosis and management of this syndrome. An existing mathematical model describing the dynamics of the CSF system was further developed. The characteristics of the model were verified and the effect of expanding intracranial air on the intracranial pressure (ICP) was simulated. The simulations supported the recommendation to maintain sea-level pressure during air ambulance transportation of patients with suspected intracranial air. A recently developed infusion apparatus was evaluated, on an experimental model as well as on a patient material. The repetitiveness in estimating Cout was found to be good. A statistically significant difference was found between the repeated Cout estimations in the patient group, indicating that there might have been a small physiological change introduced during the infusion test. A parameter, ∆Cout, was proposed and evaluated. It proved to reflect the reliability of individual Cout investigations in a clinically useful way, as well as to provide easily interpreted information. An adaptive algorithm for assessment of Cout was developed and evaluated on a patient group. The new algorithm was shown to reduce the investigation time, from 60 minutes, by 14.3 ± 5.9 minutes (mean ± SD), p<0.01, without reducing the reliability of the estimated Cout below clinically relevant levels. The relationship between ICP and CSF outflow was studied in a group of patients investigated for INPH. It was found that in the range of moderate increase from baseline pressure, the assumption of a pressure independent Rout was confirmed (p=0.5). However, at larger pressure increments, the relationship had a non-linear tendency (p<0.05). This indicates that the traditional view of a pressure independent Rout might have to be questioned in the region where ICP exceeds baseline pressure too much. Infusion tests can be performed in different ways, where three main categories may be distinguished. The bolus infusion method was compared to the constant pressure and constant flow infusion methods, on an experimental model as well as on a patient material. When physiological pressure fluctuations were added to the model, significant differences were found in the determination of Cout in the range of clinical importance, i.e. low Cout (p<0.05). The finding was supported by the patient investigations, the difference was however not significant. With the application of the new methods developed in this thesis, and the increased knowledge concerning relationships between CSF dynamic parameters, the CSF infusion test was further improved with the ability to increase measurement reliability in a reduced time. This constitutes a good basis to perform a large multi-centre study with the main goal to determine the predictive value of the parameter Cout.

Bis(dimethylamino)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)naphthalene (3) and 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)-4-diphenylphosphonaphthalene (5b) were synthesized as ESI-active analogues of the common organometallic ligands η6-anisole and triphenylphosphine. The water-soluble phosphine, sodium triphenylphosphine monosulfonate, was re-purposed as an ESI-active ligand. Its solubility in organic solvents and amenability to electrospray ionization was improved by replacing Na+ with the non-coordinating bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium cation. A new sample introduction method named PSI (pressurized sample infusion) was developed for the continuous infusion of air/moisture-sensitive samples into the mass spectrometer. The flow rate can be determined using a modified version of the Hagen-Poiseuille equation, and the ability of PSI (coupled with an ESI tag) to give quantitative kinetic data is demonstrated. A method for maintaining a dry, air-free ESI source is described for the analysis of highly reactive samples. The above developments were applied to the study of the copper-free Sonogashira (Heck alkynylation) reaction. The proposed active catalyst (Pd(0)L2, where L = PPh3 or 7) was observed, and its reactivity with iodomethane in the gas phase was determined to be less than that of Pd(0)L. Nevertheless, Pd(0)L2 is extremely reactive and even oxidatively adds dichloromethane (t1/2 = 10.7 min at 40 °C). Under standard reaction conditions intermediates corresponding to oxidative addition and transmetallation were detected, and coordination of base to palladium was observed for secondary amines but not triethylamine. Reductive elimination was achieved in the gas phase for a series of para-substituted aryl iodides with phenylacetylene, and the slope of the resulting Hammett plot (ρ) was -0.5. No evidence for the previously hypothesized anionic mechanism was observed. Simultaneous kinetic analysis of charged substrate, products and intermediates in the copper-free Sonogashira reaction was conducted using PSI-ESI-MS and high quality, information rich data for each species over time was obtained. In the absence of protons, reductive elimination is rate-limiting and the rate of reaction is relatively high. In the presence of protons (a byproduct of the reaction), transmetallation is rate-limiting and the rate of reaction is much slower. The use of a strong base was shown to improve the efficiency of the reaction, and an experimentally-derived catalytic cycle for the copper-free Sonogashira reaction is proposed. / Graduate

Dagkirurgi verksamheten ökar och det pågår en debatt om vilken anestesiform som är mest lämpad för denna verksamhet. Snabb återhämtning, god kvalitet, kostnadseffektivitet och få biverkningar är målen för att få patienten att kunna gå hem samma dag. En kvantitativ studie med en enkät framkonstruerad för studiens syfte utfördes. Syftet med studien var att undersöka vad om avgör om en patient skrivs ut tidigt eller sent vid dagkirurgi med övningsmetod intravenös anestesi Target Controlled Infusion TCI eller Total Intraveös Anestesi TIVA. 20 stycken patienter på en dagkirurgisk avdelning observerades postoperativt av ansvarig sjuksköterska, som fyllde i frågorna i enkäten. I resultatet framkom det att ålder, smärta postoperativt, en längre operationstid med längre sövningstid och  könsskillnader har betydelse för hur snabb utskrivning sker postoperativt. Vidare i en fullskalig studie bör vara inriktad på patientens hela vistelse på dagkirurgin. / After day surgery patients is discharge within a relatively short time. Some of the benefits of outpatient are quick recovery, increased cost effectiveness and adapted anesthetic techniques with fewer adverse effects. Day Surgery is expanding and there has been a long debate on which anesthesia techniques are most suitable for outpatients. A Quantitative custom made survey for the pilot studies purpose was conducted. The aim was to study what effects the anesthetic method hade on time of discharge of the patients undergoing surgery. The chosen method was Target Controlled Infusion or Total Intravenous Anesthesia. 20 patients were observed by nurses in the postoperative ward of the day surgery unit. The results regarding the differences of the time of discharge shoed that age, post-operative pain, longer surgery time with longer anesthesia and gender differences effected the time of discharge. Further research with a full-scale study ought to focus on the patient’s total stay in day surgery.

Pharmacotherapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD) is based on levodopa, the most effective dopaminergic drug. The development of motor complications constitutes the major challenge for new or refined therapies. To evaluate the impact of levodopa pharmacokinetics on motor function, an observational study in the patients’ home environment was carried out. A high variability in plasma levodopa levels was found in all patients, irrespective of treatment regimen. The impact of levodopa pharmacokinetics was further studied in a crossover trial comparing sustained-release tablets and continuous daytime intestinal infusion. Infusion produced significantly decreased variability in plasma levels of levodopa, resulting in significantly normalised motor function. A permanent system for long-term levodopa infusion has been developed and 28 patients have been followed for 87 patient-years. Motor response was generally preserved during the long-term observation period, implying that there is no development of tolerance to infusion therapy. Levodopa tablets are normally used in multiples of 50 or 100 mg, thus a rough estimate of individual dosage. A new concept for individualising levodopa/carbidopa doses with microtablets of 5/1.25 mg is under development. An electronic drug-dispensing device for administering the microtablets was tested on patients with PD. All were able to handle the dispenser and most were interested in future use of the concept. Self-assessment of symptoms is accurate in PD, but traditional paper diaries are associated with low compliance. A wireless electronic diary was compared with a corresponding paper diary. The time-stamped and thus completely reliable patient compliance was 88% with the electronic diary. To conclude, pharmacokinetics of levodopa is the major determinant for motor fluctuations in PD. Every effort to individualise dosage and to smooth out the fluctuations in levodopa concentrations should be made, e.g. by means of microtablets or enteral infusion. Electronic patient diaries for real-time data capture are suitable for PD studies.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2001. / Härtill 7 uppsatser.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2004--Leipzig.