Microsieves are permeable membranes with excellent properties for filtration applications. In this thesis the inkjet-technology is applied (1) to manufacture micro-porous microsieves, and (2) to reinforce the mechanical stability of float-cast, nano-porous microsieves: (1) The current process for inkjet-printed microsieves includes a manual step which is substituted by inkjet printing in order to increase the level of automation. The obtained microsieves are characterized regarding the pore size distribution. Effects which occur during the manufacture and broaden the pore size distribution are identified. Based on the results, the process is improved to obtain fully inkjet-printed microsieves with a narrowed pore size distribution. (2) The mechanical stability of fragile, float-cast microsieves is improved by the application of inkjet-printed reinforcement patterns on top of the microsieves. A machine is built to combine both technologies of float-casting and inkjet printing. The printing process is improved to manufacture reinforcement patterns of well-defined geometry. / Mikrosiebe sind permeable Membranen mit herausragenden Eigenschaften für die Anwendung in der Filtration. In der vorliegenden Dissertation wird die Inkjet-Drucktechnologie angewandt, um (1) mikroporöse Mikrosiebe herzustellen und (2) nanoporöse Mikrosiebe mechanisch zu stabilisieren: (1) Die Herstellung von Mikrosieben mittels Inkjet-Druck beinhaltet momentan einen manuellen Schritt, der durch einen Inkjet-Druckschritt ersetzt wird, um den Automatisierungsgrad des Verfahrens zu erhöhen. Die Mikrosiebe werden bezüglich der Porengrößenverteilung untersucht. Auftretende Effekte, die die Porengrößenverteilung verbreitern, werden identifiziert. Aus den Resultaten dieser Analyse wird der Prozess optimiert, um Mikrosiebe mit einer engen Porengrößenverteilung herzustellen. (2) Die mechanische Stabilität von fragilen Mikrosieben, die mittels Float-Casting hergestellt werden, wird durch das Aufbringen einer Stützstruktur mittels Inkjet-Druck verstärkt. Ein Maschinensetup wird aufgebaut um beide Technologien des Float-Castings und des Inkjet-Drucks zu kombinieren. Weiterhin wird der Prozess dahingehend optimiert, Stützstrukturen mit wohl-definierten Parametern zu erzielen.

Diphenylalanine peptide (Phe-Phe or FF) is a very promising bio-material in the future wearable electronics application due to its self-assembly into nanotubes and nanoribbons with high shear piezoelectric coefficient which is comparable to traditional inorganic piezoelectric materials. In order to efficiently harvest piezoelectric response, alignment and unidirectional polarization of FF nanotubes are required. Most prior works show that there mainly two methods to achieve the alignment and unidirectional polarization. They are epitaxial growth and meniscus-driven dip-coating. However, they still have some disadvantages like low productivity or harsh conditions. In this work, we use inkjet printing technology to develop a scalable, programmable and patterns designable process for the fabrication of FF nanotubes. Most prior works use toxic solvent 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) to dissolve FF peptide. In our work, the ink only contains sustainable and ecofriendly solvent like acetic acid and ethylene glycol. In the inkjet printing process, patterns can be perfectly printed on the substrate of graphene and ethyl cellulose. The direction and length of FF nanoribbons are controllable. Aligned FF nanoribbons can be observed in the printed devices. Orthorhombic crystal structure is characterized by SEM and XRD. The piezoelectric performance of the device with aligned FF nanoribbons is much higher than the random FF based devices. The FF piezoelectric nanogenerator generates voltage, current, and power density of up to 1.49 V, 10.5 nA, and 4.4 nW/cm2, respectively, under a force of 50 N. Our results show the promising future of FF-based piezoelectric devices in self-powered and wearable electronics application. / Diphenylalanine peptide (Phe-Phe eller FF) är ett mycket lovande biomaterial i den framtida bärbara elektronikapplikationen pågrund av dess självmontering till nanorör och nanorband med hög piezoelektrisk koefficient som är jämförbar med traditionella oorganiska piezoelektriska material. För att effektivt skörda piezoelektrisk respons krävs inriktning och enkelriktad polarisering av FF-nanorör. De flesta tidigare arbeten visar att det huvudsakligen finns tvåmetoder för att uppnå inriktning och enkelriktad polarisering. De är epitaxiell tillväxt och menisk-driven dopp-beläggning. Men de har fortfarande vissa nackdelar som låg produktivitet eller svåra förhållanden. I detta arbete använder vi bläckstråleutskriftsteknik för att utveckla en skalbar, programmerbar och mönsterdesignbar process för tillverkning av FF-nanorör. De flesta tidigare verk använder giftigt lösningsmedel 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) för att lösa upp FF-peptid. I vårt arbete innehåller bläcket endast hållbara och miljövänliga lösningsmedel som ättiksyra och etylenglykol. I bläckstråleutskriftsprocessen kan mönster tryckas perfekt på substratet av grafen och etylcellulosa. Riktningen och längden på FF nanoband är kontrollerbara. Justerade FF-nanoband kan observeras i de utskrivna enheterna. Ortorhombisk kristallstruktur kännetecknas av SEM och XRD. Den piezoelektriska prestandan hos enheten med justerade FF-nanoband är mycket högre än de slumpmässiga FF-baserade enheterna. FF piezoelektriska nanogeneratorn genererar spänning, ström och effekttäthet på upp till 1,49 V, 10,5 nA respektive 4,4 nW/cm2 med en kraft på 50 N. Våra resultat visar den lovande framtiden för FF-baserade piezoelektriska enheter i sig själv -driven och bärbar elektronikapplikation.

This dissertation is devoted to the development of novel devices for optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications using the promise of inkjet printing with two-dimensional (2D) materials. A systematic approach toward the characterization of the liquid exfoliated 2D inks comprising of graphene, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), tungsten diselenide (WSe2), and 2D perovskites is discussed at depth. In the first study, the biocompatibility of 2D materials -- graphene and MoS2 -- that were drop cast onto flexible PET and polyimide substrates using mouse embryonic fibroblast (STO) and human esophageal fibroblast (HEF) cell lines, was explored. The polyimide samples for both STO and HEF showed high biocompatibility with a cell survival rate of up to ~ 98% and a confluence rate of 70-98%. An inkjet printed, biocompatible, heterostructure photodetector was constructed using inks of photo-active MoS2 and electrically conducting graphene, which facilitated charge collection of the photocarriers. The importance of such devices stems from their potential utility in age-related-macular degeneration (AMD), which is a condition where the photosensitive retinal tissue degrades with aging, eventually compromising vision. The biocompatible inkjet printed 2D heterojunction devices were photoresponsive to broadband incoming radiation in the visible regime, and the photocurrent scaled proportionally with the incident light intensity, exhibiting a photoresponsivity R ~ 0.30 A/W. Strain-dependent measurements were also conducted with bending, that showed Iph ~ 1.16 µA with strain levels for curvature up to ~ 0.262 cm-1, indicating the feasibility of such devices for large format arrays printed on flexible substrates. Alongside the optoelectronic measurements, temperature-dependent (~ 80 K to 573 K) frequency shifts of the Raman-active E12g and A1g modes of multilayer MoS2 exhibited a red-shift with increasing temperature, where the temperature coefficients for the E12g and A1g modes were determined to be ~ - 0.016 cm-1/K and ~ - 0.014 cm-1/K, respectively. The phonon lifetime τ was determined to be in the picosecond range for the E12g and A1g modes, respectively, for the liquid exfoliated multilayer MoS2. Secondly, an all inkjet printed WSe2-graphene hetero-structure photodetector on flexible polyimide substrates is also studied, where the device performance was found to be superior compared to the MoS2-graphene photodetector. The printed photodetector was photo responsive to broadband incoming radiation in the visible regime, where the photo responsivity R ~ 0.7 A/W and conductivity σ ~ 2.3 × 10-1 S/m were achieved at room temperature. Thirdly, the synthesis of solution-processed 2D layered organo-halide (CH3(CH2)3NH3)2(CH3NH3)n-1PbnI3n+1 (n = 2, 3, and 4) perovskites is presented here, where inkjet printing was used to fabricate heterostructure flexible photodetector devices on polyimide substrates. The ON/OFF ratio was determined to be high, ~ 2.3 × 103 while the photoresponse time on the rising and falling edges was measured to be rise ~ 24 ms and fall ~ 65 ms, respectively. The strain-dependent measurements, conducted here for the first time for inkjet printed perovskite photodetectors, revealed the Ip decreased by only ~ 27% with bending (radius of curvature of ~ 0.262 cm-1). This work demonstrates the tremendous potential of the inkjet printed, composition tunable, organo-halide 2D perovskite heterostructures for high-performance photodetectors, where the techniques are readily translatable toward flexible solar cell platforms as well. Fourthly, metal contacts and carrier transport in 2D (CH3(CH2)3NH3)2(CH3NH3)n-1PbnI3n+1 (n = 4) perovskites is a critical topic, where the use of silver (Ag) and graphene (Gr) inks as metallic contacts to 2D perovskites was investigated. The all inkjet printed Gr-perovskite and Ag-perovskite photodetectors were found to be photo-responsive to broadband incoming radiation where measurements were conducted from λ ~ 400 nm to 2300 nm. The photoresponsivity R and detectivity D were compared between the Gr-perovskite and Ag-perovskite photodetectors, which revealed the higher performance for the Ag-perovskite photodetector. The superior performance of the Ag-perovskite photodetector was also justified with the Schottky barrier analysis using the thermionic emission model through temperature-dependent transport measurements. Finally, this dissertation ends with the description of the first steps for using solution-processed, inkjet printed perovskites for solar cells. The preliminary investigations include the discussion of the chemical formulations for the carrier separation layers, dispersion route, and the variation of solar cell figures of merit with processing.

[ES] La tesis que se presenta bajo el título Metodologías de transferencia mediante sistemas de impresión inkjet: Procesos para la creación gráfica digital, pretende mostrar desde una perspectiva conceptual y técnico-práctica la evolución en el desarrollo de procesos desde los sistemas de registro y reproducción electrónicos hasta las tecnologías de registro, producción y representación digital, mediante procesos híbridos, ampliando el campo para la creación de la gráfica digital especialmente con impresoras de inyección de tinta. Se analiza la situación contextual de la gráfica a través de un recorrido histórico que parte desde principios del siglo XX para comprender los cambios y planteamientos que se han producido en la concepción de la gráfica como un medio autosuficiente para la creación de obra de arte única. Además de la percepción de las imágenes a través de la tecnología y como esta ha repercutido en la reflexión de nuevos enfoques en el medio artístico. En este sentido, tratamos de conceptualizar el movimiento y la percepción que provoca el mundo digital sobre las imágenes a través de la transferencia, no solo como concepto que nos ayuda a comprender cómo influye la transmisión de códigos, sino también, como práctica artística para extraer y materializar el flujo digital, las imágenes intangibles y dotarlas de un estado háptico, convirtiéndolas en objetos físicos. Para dar corporeidad a las imágenes, en la investigación se propone una serie de procesos de transferencia realizados a partir de sistemas de impresión inkjet donde entran en juego factores como el soporte temporal, el medio reportador y el soporte definitivo, el cual se desvincula de la tradicionalidad gráfica, utilizando materiales diversos que aportan un valor añadido a la pieza. / [CA] La tesi que es presenta sota el títol Metodologies de transferència mitjançant sistemes d'impressió inkjet: Processos per a la creació gràfica digital, pretén mostrar des d'una perspectiva conceptual i tècnic-pràctica l'evolució en el desenvolupament de processos des dels sistemes de registre i reproducció electrònics fins a les tecnologies de registre, producció i representació digital, mitjançant processos híbrids, ampliant el camp per a la creació de la gràfica digital especialment amb impressores d'injecció de tinta. S'analitza la situació contextual de la gràfica a través d'un recorregut històric que parteix des de principis del segle XX per a comprendre els canvis i plantejaments que s'han produït en la concepció de la gràfica com un mitjà autosuficient per a la creació d'obra d'art única. A més de la percepció de les imatges a través de la tecnologia i com aquesta ha repercutit en la reflexió de nous enfocaments en el mitjà artístic. En aquest sentit, tractem de conceptualitzar el moviment i la percepció que provoca el món digital sobre les imatges a través de la transferència, no sols com a concepte que ens ajuda a comprendre com influeix la transmissió de codis, sinó també, com a pràctica artística per a extreure i materialitzar del flux digital, les imatges intangibles i dotar-les d'un estat hàptic, convertint-les en objectes físics. Per a donar corporeïtat a les imatges, en la investigació es proposa una sèrie de processos de transferència realitzats a partir de sistemes d'impressió inkjet on entren en joc factors com el suport temporal, el mig reportador i el suport definitiu, el qual es desvincula de la tradicionalitat gràfica, utilitzant materials diversos que aporten un valor afegit a la peça. / [EN] The thesis presented under the title Methodologies of transfer using inkjet printing systems: Processes for digital graphic creation, aims to show from a conceptual and technical-practical perspective the evolution in the development of processes from electronic recording and reproduction systems until digital recording, production and representation technologies, through hybrid processes, expanding the field for the creation of digital graphics. especially with inkjet printers. The contextual situation of graphics is analyzed through a historical journey that starts from the beginning of the 20th century to understand the changes and proposals that have occurred in the conception of graphics as a self-sufficient means for the creation of unique works of art. In addition to the perception of images through technology and how it has affected the reflection of new approaches in the artistic medium. These means that we try to conceptualize the movement and perception that the digital world provokes on images through transfer, not only as a concept that helps us understand how the transmission of codes influences, but also as an artistic practice to extract and materialize intangible images of the digital flow and endow them with a haptic state, turning them into physical objects. In order to give corporeality to the images, the research proposes a series of transfer processes carried out using inkjet printing systems where factors such as temporary support, informative support and definitive support come into play, which is detached from graphic traditionality, using different materials that provide added value to the piece. / Molina Guixot, C. (2023). Metodologías de transferencia mediante sistemas de impresión inkjet: Procesos para la creación gráfica digital [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/193072

Diphenylalanine peptide (Phe-Phe or FF) is a very promising bio-material in the future wearable electronics application due to its self-assembly into nanotubes and nanoribbons with high shear piezoelectric coefficient which is comparable to traditional inorganic piezoelectric materials. In order to efficiently harvest piezoelectric response, alignment and unidirectional polarization of FF nanotubes are required. Most prior works show that there mainly two methods to achieve the alignment and unidirectional polarization. They are epitaxial growth and meniscus-driven dipcoating. However, they still have some disadvantages like low productivity or harsh conditions. In this work, we use inkjet printing technology to develop a scalable, programmable and patterns designable process for the fabrication of FF nanotubes. Most prior works use toxic solvent 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro2-propanol (HFIP) to dissolve FF peptide. In our work, the ink only contains sustainable and ecofriendly solvent like acetic acid and ethylene glycol. In the inkjet printing process, patterns can be perfectly printed on the substrate of graphene and ethyl cellulose. The direction and length of FF nanoribbons are controllable. Aligned FF nanoribbons can be observed in the printed devices. Orthorhombic crystal structure is characterized by SEM and XRD. The piezoelectric performance of the device with aligned FF nanoribbons is much higher than the random FF based devices. The FF piezoelectric nanogenerator generates voltage, current, and power density of up to 1.49 V, 10.5 nA, and 4.4 nW/cm2, respectively, under a force of 50 N. Our results show the promising future of FFbased piezoelectric devices in self-powered and wearable electronics application. / Diphenylalanine peptide (Phe-Phe eller FF) är ett mycket lovande biomaterial i den framtida bärbara elektronikapplikationen på grund av dess självmontering till nanorör och nanorband med hög piezoelektrisk koefficient som är jämförbar med traditionella oorganiska piezoelektriska material. För att effektivt skörda piezoelektrisk respons krävs inriktning och enkelriktad polarisering av FFnanorör. De flesta tidigare arbeten visar att det huvudsakligen finns två metoder för att uppnå inriktning och enkelriktad polarisering. De är epitaxiell tillväxt och menisk-driven dopp-beläggning. Men de har fortfarande vissa nackdelar som låg produktivitet eller svåra förhållanden. I detta arbete använder vi bläckstråleutskriftsteknik för att utveckla en skalbar, programmerbar och mönsterdesignbar process för tillverkning av FF-nanorör. De flesta tidigare verk använder giftigt lösningsmedel 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) för att lösa upp FF-peptid. I vårt arbete innehåller bläcket endast hållbara och miljövänliga lösningsmedel som ättiksyra och etylenglykol. I bläckstråleutskriftsprocessen kan mönster tryckas perfekt på substratet av grafen och etylcellulosa. Riktningen och längden på FF nanoband är kontrollerbara. Justerade FF-nanoband kan observeras i de utskrivna enheterna. Ortorhombisk kristallstruktur kännetecknas av SEM och XRD. Den piezoelektriska prestandan hos enheten med justerade FF-nanoband är mycket högre än de slumpmässiga FF-baserade enheterna. FF piezoelektriska nanogeneratorn genererar spänning, ström och effekttäthet på upp till 1,49 V, 10,5 nA respektive 4,4 nW/cm2 med en kraft på 50 N. Våra resultat visar den lovande framtiden för FF-baserade piezoelektriska enheter i sig själv -driven och bärbar elektronikapplikation.

No description available.

Metallhalogenid-Perowskite (MHPs) sind Halbleiter, die einzigartige photophysikalische Eigenschaften aufweisen, die sie ideal für photovoltaische Anwendungen machen. Techniken werden kontinuierlich entwickelt, um die Leistungsgrenzen der Perowskite weiter zu verschieben. Dennoch weisen diese Materialien verschiedene Herausforderungen auf. Zu diesen gehören eine geringe Stabilität unter einer Vielzahl von äußeren Bedingungen, sowie eine große Diskrepanz zwischen den Wirkungsgraden von Geräten im Labormaßstab und großflächigen Geräten. Zunächst wurden mit Hilfe von Photolumineszenz-Spektroskopie Ladungsübertragungsmechanismen zwischen MHPs und atmosphärischen Gasen untersucht, um deren Einfluss auf die Materialstabilität zu bestimmen. Durch den Vergleich der Emission von verschiedene MHP wurde die Wirkung untersucht, die atmosphärische Gase auf Grenzdefekte im Material haben. Diese Löschungseffekte wurden nachfolgend mit dem Stern-Volmer-Modell analysiert. Es stellte sich heraus, dass ein Teil von der Gase bindet jedoch an die MHPs, wobei teilweise Kristalldefekte passiviert werden und für jedes der Gase Ladungstransfermechanismen vorgeschlagen wurden. Zweitens wurde die Skalierung von MHP-Bauelementen mittels Tintenstrahldruck untersucht. Dazu wurden drei Kristallisationstechniken ausgewertet. Eine davon verwendete eine sequenzielle Abscheidung von zwei Präkursortinten, während die beiden anderen kristallisierte Tinten verwendeten, die in einem Schritt abgeschieden wurden. Die letztgenannten Techniken verwendeten beide niedrige Drücke und bei einer wurde ein kontrollierter Stickstoffstrom auf die Probe angewendet. Solarzellen mit einer Effizienz von 16,8% auf einer Fläche von 0,16 cm² wurden demonstriert. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen ein neuartiges Verfahren zur Untersuchung von strahlungslosen Verlustwegen in MHPs auf. Zusätzlich demonstrieren diese Studien, dass der Tintenstrahldruck eine geeignete Technologie ist, um MHP-Bauelemente zu skalieren. / Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are semiconductor materials that show unique photophysical properties, making them ideal for photovoltaic applications. Having shown power conversion efficiencies of up to 25.5%, techniques are continuously being developed to push perovskites to unprecedent limits. Yet, these materials present challenges like a low stability under a variety of conditions as well as a large disparity between the efficiencies of lab scale and large area devices. This thesis addresses these two major obstacles. First, charge transfer mechanisms between MHPs and atmospheric gases were studied to determine their effect on the material stability by using photoluminescence spectroscopy. By comparing the emission of MHPs, the effect that molecular oxygen, nitrogen, argon, and water have on boundary defects in the material was studied. These quenching effects were later analyzed using the Stern-Volmer model. It was found that the gases bounce off the surface, but a portion of them bind to the MHPs, in occasions passivating defects on the crystals. Using these results, charge transfer mechanisms were proposed for each one of the gases. Second, scaling of MHP devices was examined using inkjet printing. For this, three crystallization techniques were evaluated. One of them used sequential deposition of two precursor inks, while the other two crystallized ink that was deposited in one step. Both latter techniques used low pressures, below 1 mbar, and only one of them applied a controlled stream of nitrogen to the sample. Using these techniques, the deposition of a 15x15 cm² area as well as a device with an efficiency of 16.8% on an area of 0.16 cm² were demonstrated. These results show a novel procedure to study non-radiative loss paths in MHPs to enhance their stability and performance as devices. Also, they show that inkjet printing is a favorable technology to scale MHP devices and eventually facilitate the mass production of this type of photovoltaic devices.

storage devices in micro sizes are receiving more and more attention. One of them, on-paper Microsupercapacitors (MSCs), has become a key energy storage device because of its good mechanical flexibility and high power density. In this project, a triphase system with electrochemically exfoliated graphene and graphene quantum dots to synergistically stabilize PEDOT:PSS in ethylene glycol/water solvent was developed for scalable and reliable inkjet printing. Without any post-treatment, the printed patterns with a large thickness (up to 9 μm, about 0.4 μm per layer) attain a sheet resistance of as low as 4 Ω2−1 and high resolution at a small drop spacing of 10 μm. Thanks to these feature, the areal capacitance of the on-paper MSCs can reach >2 mF cm−2 at a high scan rate of 1000 mV s−1. The device also exhibits excellent mechanical flexibility, long cycle life (>95% capacitance retention after 10000 cycles CV test) and long service time (retain 84% capacitance after 4 months in air without any encapsulation). Moreover, we can directly print the interconnect to connect 4 devices on paper substrate in series or in parallel and thus get rid of metal current collector. / Med den snabba utvecklingen av flexibel och bärbar elektronik får energilagringsenheter i mikrostorlek allt mer uppmärksamhet. En av dem, mikrosuperkondensatorer (MSC) på papper, har blivit en viktig energilagringsenhet på grund av sin goda mekaniska flexibilitet och höga effekttäthet. I det här projektet utvecklades ett trefasigt system med elektrokemiskt exfolierad grafen och grafenkvantprickar för att synergistiskt stabilisera PEDOT:PSS i etylenglykol/vattenlösningsmedel för skalbar och tillförlitlig bläckstråleutskrift. Utan någon efterbehandling uppnår de tryckta mönstren med stor tjocklek (upp till 9 μm, ca 0,4 μmper lager) ett arkmotstånd på så lågt som 4 Ω2−1 och hög upplösning vid ett litet droppavstånd på 10 μm. Tack vare dessa egenskaper kan den ytliga kapacitansen hos MSC på papper nå >2 mF cm−2 vid en hög skanningshastighet på 1000 mV s−1. Anordningen uppvisar också utmärkt mekanisk flexibilitet, lång livslängd (>95% kapacitansbehållning efter 10000 cykler i CV-test) och lång livslängd (behåller 84% kapacitans efter 4 månader i luft utan inkapsling). Dessutom kan vi direkt skriva ut kopplingen för att ansluta fyra enheter på papperssubstratet i serie eller parallellt och på så sätt bli av med metallströmkollektorn.

<p dir="ltr">Creating synthetic materials that mimic native tissue is an overarching goal in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. It is essential to embed molecular-resolution chemical patterning into soft synthetic polymers to achieve this. Even though fundamental principles from surface science offer broad control over the position of even individual atoms on a pristine surface, this degree of control remains restricted to two-dimensional hard crystalline materials under particular environmental conditions that are incompatible with life. Therefore, developing strategies to translate these principles into soft, amorphous interfaces is challenging<i>. </i>This will lead to the development of <i>nanopatterned soft materials</i> that closely resemble native tissue. Popular approaches in materials science fail to produce such <i>high-resolution polymers</i>.</p><p dir="ltr">Hydrogels are soft, three-dimensional networks that can hold large amounts of an aqueous solvent while retaining their structure. These materials have applicability in contexts where polymer materials must interface with biology (e.g., drug delivery, biosensing, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine) as one can easily tune their mechanical, chemical, and biological properties. However, the main limitation of these materials is that the hydrogel network is amorphous, with substantial variability in mesh size up to the micron-scale. This limits their application when highly structured interactions with biomolecules, typically at sub-10 nm scales, are required. This dissertation shows a strategy to generate 1 nm-wide ordered patterns of functional groups on polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel surfaces. When 1 nm-wide linear patterns are transferred to PAAm, patterning specific biological polyelectrolyte interactions at the hydrogel surface is possible. This represents a first step towards developing robust methods for nanopattern hydrogels at the proposed resolution.</p><p dir="ltr">One last subject this thesis dissertation seeks to explore is the extension of chemical patterning to a dynamic range of scales to adapt this technological advancement to industrial setups. Enabling the practical applicability of nanopatterned soft materials in macroscopic contexts (e.g., synthetic tissue development, wearable electronics, etc). However, extending this degree of control to a high throughput process applicable to heterogeneous interfaces remains a challenge. We demonstrated a scalable inkjet printing method to produce functional hierarchical patterns on two-dimensional crystalline substrates, which can be transferred to hydrogels. Finally, we studied the specific biosensing capabilities of these micro-patterned surfaces.</p>

No description available.