The research based on the dynamic case study of the eight Taiwan¡¦s commercial banks. Although Taiwan was shared many characteristics with other emerging economics, the generalization of data might display certain idiosyncrasies. The research aimed in the banking industry instead of the high technology industry or even the manufacturing industry. It was believed that the findings would be beneficial to developing countries, such as Latin American countries or Asian Pacific countries. This study revealed the relationships among human capital, social capital, innovative capability and organization performance. This study also has suggested that the bigger the commercial banks¡¦ human capital, the stronger the innovative capability. It has been proven that social capital played a moderator between human capital and innovative capability when the innovative capability was big; vice versa the organization performance was expected to be good. The implication was: enterprises should cultivate high human capital rather than treating employees as their costs. For different levels of employees, the needed capabilities were surely different. Therefore, the leaders¡¦ characteristics, open-mindedness/vision and execution for core employees were more significant than the low level employees.

Action research¡XImplementing Knowledge Management for innovative teaching in Elementary Schools Lu-shu Ping Abstuact Education is a process of guiding learning, communication, knowledge exploration, and implementing knowledge to increase values. Experts have been calling for implementing Knowledge Management as a crucial factor to innovate teaching and to maintain excellence in an educational institute. Especially the prevailing trend of Grade 1-9 Curriculum, students have become the center of a classroom, and daily-life experience has been the focus of curriculum guidelines. This innovative curriculum reform has brought great impact on schools and teachers. Therefore, this research aims to find out how elementary school teachers use Knowledge Management to promote innovative teaching and learning process, to construct a Knowledge Management environment, to implement the functioning and development of Knowledge Management, to increase teachers¡¦ expertise and teaching confidence, to fulfill the curriculum guidelines of innovative teaching in the Grade 1-9 Curriculum, to alter the learning culture in an educational institute, to clarify teaching methodology, to encourage teachers to innovate teaching, and to bring out the best of every student. There are four goals for this Knowledge Management in Shin-Shin Elementary School: 1. To create a beneficial and positive environment for Knowledge Management in Shin-shin elementary school; 2. To discuss the functioning factors for Knowledge Management in Shin-shin Elementary School; 3. To analyze the process, reflections, and influences of applying Knowledge Management in Shin-shin Elementary School; 4. To make a conclusion based on the research findings, and propose concrete suggestions for other schools to apply; In this action research team, there are 6 teachers from the Knowledge Group, 4 formal teachers, one student teacher, and one substitute teacher. They used interpretive action research, and the researchers played the roles of ¡§group leader¡¨ and ¡§knowledge chief.¡¨ Also, they are promoters of knowledge management and observers of different styles of teaching. They jotted down and recorded all the teaching process, categorized the records and shared the information through the Internet. Furthermore, they discreetly recorded the observing journals and reflection journals, held curriculum conference and teaching demonstration meeting, communicated and shared information with one another, and finally used Triangular Examination to proofread those data to increase reliability in analysis. The following are the conclusions and suggestions we have from this research. Constructing Knowledge Management 1. Sufficient knowledge of communication to create a common sense of Knowledge Management at school. 2. Choose assistants to deal with details and filing. 3. Create a cooperative and sharing culture, and the premise for this is to cultivate an open and trusting atmosphere. 4. Use every Wednesday to enhance teachers¡¦ information of Knowledge Management. 5. Make use of the advantages in the organization, integrate resources, and set up network environment. 6. Use the budget well to renew appliances in information technology. Operating Knowledge Management 1. Build up the entrance to Knowledge Map. 2. Use outside resources as knowledge data. 3. Cultivate prospects as Information-Seed-Group. 4. Set up encouragement and bonus strategies to execute Knowledge Management. 5. Assign appropriate Knowledge Chief to assist with teaching information sharing. 6. Do research and interview carefully before choosing candidates for Knowledge Group. Process and Reflection 1. Teachers who are engaged with knowledge learning group should be full of motivation to learn and grow. 2. Sharing teaching experience is the result of making implicit knowledge explicit. 3. Using knowledge management to enhance teachers¡¦ innovative teaching. 4. Organize Knowledge Group to share thematic instruction design, integrated curriculum, and new models of innovative teaching. 5. Using classroom observation indicators to find out teachers¡¦ creative teaching. 6. It is a qualitative change for teachers to better develop expertise and innovative ideas. Factors that influence teachers to engage in knowledge management and teaching innovation 1. Teachers¡¦ positive attitude to engage in cyber-learning. 2. To make teachers¡¦ implicit knowledge explicit. 3. The leading and coordinating of the Knowledge Chief. 4. The spiral system created by personal and organizational knowledge 5. The knowledge and power stored in the database system 6. Teachers¡¦ expertise and professional awareness 7. The effects of promoting Knowledge Management and teaching innovation Suggestions 1. It is beneficial for personal knowledge management and teaching innovation when both researchers and teachers cooperate in Action Research. 2. Every teacher should be a Knowledge Manager. 3. Organize the environment and mindset for Knowledge Management, cultivate the knowledge learning culture, and store sufficient power for knowledge database. 4. Operate Knowledge Management, fulfill curriculum and teaching contents in order to share and innovate. 5. Find out like-minded members who are strongly motivated for innovative teaching, and it will be smoother and easier to achieve the goal. 6. Use school meeting to design related procedures for Knowledge Management and invite experts for counseling and guidance to promote teachers¡¦ professional expertise in teaching innovation. 7. Develop a system of indicators for Knowledge Management for one¡¦s own school, so that we can evaluate the results of the research and innovation. 8. It is feasible for schools to use knowledge management to promote teaching innovation.

A STUDY ON THE INTER-RELATIONSHIP OF PRINCIPLE¡¦S TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, INNOVATIVE CLIMATE OF ORGANIZATION, AND TEACHERS' ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS OF KAOHSIUNG CITY Abstract This study focuses primarily on public elementary schools in Kaohsiung City, investigating the inter-relationship of principal's transformational leadership, innovative climate of organization, and teachers' organizational commitment. The purposes of this study are to a) investigate the present situation of consciousness of elementary school teachers towards principal's transformational leadership, innovative climate of organization, and teachers' organizational commitment; b) understand the cognitive differences of elementary school teachers from different backgrounds towards principal's transformational leadership, innovative climate of organization, and teachers' organizational commitment; c) look deeply into elementary school teachers¡¦ perceptivity towards the inter-relationship among principal's transformational leadership, innovative climate of organization, and teachers' organizational commitment; d) submit some humble suggestions, in accordance with the results of this study, so that the educational administrative authorities and school administration as well can use them as references; and hopefully, innovative climate of organization at school can be enhanced, which in turn promote the fulfillment of the perception of teachers' organizational commitment, benefiting the upgrading of organization efficacy of schools. ¡@¡@The rational and research structures of this study are literature review. Then it serves as the basis for designing research instruments. Survey method is used to examine 605 teachers in 33 elementary school teachers of Kaohsiung City, with 553 valid questionnaires returned. Test instruments include ¡§Scales of Principal's transformational leadership,¡¨ ¡§Scales of Innovative Climate of Organization,¡¨ and ¡§Scales of Organizational Commitment from Teachers.¡¨ Data from valid questionnaires are tested and analyzed by t-test, single-factor ANOVA, movement correlation, typical correlation, and gradual-multiple transgression. The following results are reached: 1. The performance of principal's transformational leadership of the elementary schools in Kaohsiung City can be located between middle and high levels, in which ¡§encouragement and inspiration¡¨ is the best. 2. Innovative climate of organization of the schools occupies between middle and high levels, and ¡§self-reliance toward the assignment¡¨ has the best performance. 3. Organizational Commitment of elementary school teachers at the present occupies between middle and high levels, in which ¡§commitment of hardworking¡¨ is the best. 4. Teachers who are male, senior, experienced, and holding concurrent administrative jobs perceive a higher degree of the whole phase of principal's transformational leadership. 5. Teachers who are senior, experienced, and holding concurrent administrative jobs as section deans perceive a higher degree of innovative climate of organization. 6. Teachers who are senior, experienced, and holding concurrent administrative jobs as dean deans in middle-sized schools perceive a higher degree of organizational commitment. 7. The more the principals focus on their transformational leadership, the better innovative climate their schools have. 8. The more the principals focus on their transformational leadership, the better organizational commitment their teachers have. 9. The higher degrees the teachers perceive innovative climate of their schools, the better their commitment to their schools. 10. Higher degrees of the principal's transformational leadership and innovative climate of organization boost organizational commitment from the teachers. 11. Principal's transformational leadership and innovative climate of organization can validly predict teachers¡¦ organizational commitment, in which ¡§the challenges from assignments¡¨ has the best predictability. As a conclusion,the study results will be references for all Bureau of Education's and school's administrative organization.

While facing a dynamic environment, a company needs innovation to enhance their competitiveness and to continue to grow in terms of profits. For the company, the question becomes not ¡§whether¡¨ but ¡§how¡¨ to innovate. This thesis, with a perspective of human resources, explores how organizational innovation capabilities, innovative culture, and human resource practices directly affect the effectiveness of innovation. In addition, the indirect impact of human resource practices intertwined with innovation capabilities and innovative culture as a mediator is also under scrutiny. This thesis is conducted through opinion survey, with 201 samples out of 250 manufacturers introduced by Tianxia Magazine. With the valid 111 questionnaires replied by the chairs or directors of human resources department in each company, the findings of this thesis can be summarized as follows: 1. Innovation capability impacts the innovation performance positively. 2. Innovative culture impacts the innovation performance positively. 3. Human resource practices impacts the innovation performance positively. 4. Human resource practices impacts the innovation capability positively. 5. Innovation capability has mediating effect between human resource practices and innovation performance. 6. Human resource practices impacts the innovative culture positively. 7. Innovative culture has mediating effect between human resource practices and innovation performance.

The trend of low-birth rate is a crisis for schools to run. Especially for the schools, the doomed disadvantaged ones, in off-shore islands in Penghu County, an archipelagic county in Taiwan, to be closed or merged could be a huge barrier for the education-development. Therefore, to think out the development model of characteristic schools, and make use of the advantages of the small-scale in schools and classes to combine the special natural environment and cultural historical resources, and then construct a special and innovation regional program in order to increase the value of education and operate marginal profits. The purpose of this study is to explore the strategies of characteristic schools¡¦ innovative management and the critical successful factors on the transforming of primary schools in Penghu County. Finally, conclusions and suggestions will be made to find other ways rather than ¡§keep¡¨ or ¡§abolish¡¨ the schools. The study uses the qualitative research with depth interviews as an applied method. We adopt the purposive sampling method, to sample from the principals, teachers (including the mainland and the off-shore islands of Penghu, and the representative areas of townships and cities), superintendents who deal with correlative affairs in educational administration organizations, the specialists and scholars. Our findings can be classified into two parts¡G 1. The critical factors of primary schools transforming into characteristic schools. i. The administration management should stress on the planning and improvement of software and hardware. The leaders must possess the right opinions, and use strategies to cohere common consensus, to make use of teachers¡¦ specialty elastically and give rewards and punishments properly. ii. Special programs and teaching design should be planned by a professional group in an innovative way. The network information platform must be constructed and integrated with teaching. The contents of program should focus on the local characters. iii. Knowledge sharing is important. They must build a learning organization and improve their mental models. The website is the way to be used as the knowledge management platform and the professional capability could be improved by knowledge sharing and invigoration. iv. The integration of strategic alliance¡GSchools are divided by townships to form a characteristic group. The educational circles and industrial circles could become fellowship in a mutual beneficial condition. 2. The strategies of developing characteristic schools and innovation management of primary schools in Penghu County. i. The short-term target¡GThe improvement of the professional skill of teachers, the integration of human resource. ii. The mid-term target¡GTo develop a strategic alliance and construct a learning platform by network. iii. The long-term target¡GTo combine the environmental education and local cultural education and invent a special travel study model. The study also advances that the educational administration organization should subsidize to establish a group to promote the characteristic schools. The schools should become a learning organization and strengthen the strategic alliance between schools. The principal should have a innovative management opinion and to teach by personal example.

This study aimed to investigate relationship between individual and organizational variables on staff innovative behavior. Individual variables were personal playfulness and sense of humor, and organizational variable was organizational playfulness climate. The analyses were done by using hierarchical linear modeling for Windows. The main findings of this study were as follows: 1. Personal playfulness had significant influence on staff innovative behavior. 2. The sense of humor had insignificant influence on staff innovative behavior. 3. Organizational playfulness climate had significant influence on staff innovative behavior. 4. The relationship among personal playfulness, sense of humor, and staff innovative behavior was not affected by organizational playfulness climate. Finally, some suggestions were offered as references to businesses and further studies.

The purpose of the study was to provide a comprehensive framework that explains how consumer experiences within new, innovative media affect advertising effectiveness. Several concerns about previous advertising models motivated this study. For instance, advertising models traditionally have focused on message recipients’ characteristics and information processes, ignoring the significant role of media in understanding advertising effectiveness. In addition, recently developed advertising models dealing with the impact of media have been narrowly applied to a specific medium, the Internet, and have focused largely on interactivity. The proposed model and our findings highlighted the prominent roles of media novelty and presence in enhancing advertising effectiveness in an innovative, new medium that emphasizes vividness, stereoscopic 3-D. The novelty effect, created by the newness of the medium, had the power to attract viewers’ attention and the increased attention enhanced their sense of presence, the experience of being plunged into a new virtual world that advertisers constructed. The findings demonstrated that these sequential relationships can result in positive measures of advertising effectiveness, such as improved product knowledge and increased enjoyment, and ultimately more favorable attitudes toward the ad. Also our findings revealed that an irritation, such as cybersickness resulting from the stereoscopic 3-D, can hinder ad viewers’ communication processes and reduce their attention to the ad and their enjoyment of it. The model predicted that user characteristics, such as innovativeness, curiosity, and previous experience with the medium, would affect the process, but no effects were found. The current research provided advertising practitioners and researchers with opportunities to consider the significant role of media, especially innovative media, in assessing overall advertising effectiveness. For managers, it highlighted the potential of stereoscopic 3-D technology as an emerging advertising vehicle. Given the rapid changes in the media environment, it is increasingly important to understand the important roles that media play in advertising effectiveness. / text

Magistro darbe yra išanalizuoti ir susisteminti įvairių Lietuvos ir užsienio autorių teoriniai inovatyvios įmonės sampratos ir veiklos efektyvumo ekonominės analizės metodologiniai aspektai. Išsamiai analizuojama inovatyvios įmonės UAB „EKSPLA“ veikla, atliekant tradicinę inovatyvios įmonės finansinės būklės analizę bei palyginant gautus rodiklius su šakos rodikliais. Atliekami inovatyvios įmonės projekto rodiklių skaičiavimai bei įvertinama įmonės sukuriama pridėtinė vertė bei sukurtoji vertė diskontuotų srautų metodu. Pateikiamas inovatyvios įmonės veiklos efektyvumo matas ir suformuojama inovatyvaus verslo kompleksiška vertinimo strategija. Patvirtinama autoriaus suformuluota mokslinio tyrimo hipotezė, kad inovatyvios įmonės sukurta vertė įvertinta tiek diskontuota EVA, tiek DCF modeliu yra tolygi. / In the Master’s work, there’s analyzed and systematized various Lithuanian and foreign authors’ literature, in order to represent the concept of innovative company and to propose the economic assessment for innovative companies. The innovative companies “EKSPLA” data were analyzed according conventional financial analysis theory, the results were compared with the other companies’ data working in the same economic branch. The assessments of project economical effectiveness, economic value added (EVA) and discounted cash flows (DCF) are done as further deeper analysis of effectiveness. According analysis, the author suggests the strategy of innovative company’s effectiveness valuation and creates the effectiveness index for innovative companies. The formulated hypothesis that the effectiveness analysis done by the EVA and DCF methods are the same has been approved.

Magistro darbo konceptualiojoje dalyje išanalizuoti ir susisteminti įvairių Lietuvos ir užsienio autorių teoriniai inovacijų sampratos, pagrindinių jos bruožų, bei inovacinių projektų finansavimo šaltinių ir inovacinių projektų efektyvumo vertinimo metodologiniai aspektai. Analitinėje dalyje įvertintas Lietuvos įmonių inovatyvumo lygis tarptautiniame kontekste, bei išanalizuoti inovacinės veiklos finansavimo šaltiniai. Atliktas UAB „Agro vartai“ inovacinio projekto efektyvumo įvertinimas diskontuotų pinigų srautų metodu. Išanalizuoti įmonės finansiniai rodikliai, bei palyginti su rekomenduojamomis reikšmėmis. Konstruktyviojoje dalyje sudarytas inovacinių projektų efektyvumo daugiakriterinis modelis, leidžiantis išsamiai ir kompleksiškai įvertinti inovacinius projektus, pateikiant vieną apibendrinamąjį rodiklį, kuris gana objektyviai rodo projekto efektyvumą. / The conceptual part of the Master’s paper analyses and systematizes different Lithuanian and foreign theoretical innovative conception, main features, as well as sources of the innovative projects’ financing and methodological aspects of the innovative projects efficiency evaluations. The analytical part evaluates the innovation level of the Lithuanian enterprises in the international context and analyses financial sources of the innovative activity. Evaluation of the JSC “Agro vartai” innovative project’s efficiency is done using the method of the discounted money flows. The financial indexes of the enterprise were analyzed and compared with the recommended meanings. The constructive part presents the multi - criteria model of the innovative projects efficiency, giving possibility circumstantially and in complex way to evaluate the innovative projects, providing one summarizing index, which very objectively shows the efficiency of the project.

The  purpose  of  this  study  is  to  identify  and  analyze  reoccurring  insights  in Entrepreneurship  Education  (EE)  literature,  fill  gaps  in  the  scholarly  discussion,  and develop innovative teaching tools for entrepreneurship educators. The study is based on an in-depth  review  of  the  current  EE  literature  drawing  on  insights  from  about  70  studies. The analysis finds a clear need for: EE on the university level; clear goals and objectives; clear  program  descriptions;  a  more  practical  orientation;  and  true  alumni  networks. Additionally it finds that EE should be interdisciplinary, student-centered, practical, as well as containing strong elements of reflection, support, and networking. These findings are a valuable  resource  for  educators  interested  in  innovative  teaching  practices  and entrepreneurship  program  design  in  a  university  context.  This  paper  develops  three suggestions  on  the  use  of  innovative  teaching  practices,  namely  a  course  on  business models,  an  adapted  form  of  business  simulation  with  a  focus  on  cross-disciplinary networking, and a comprehensive class in entrepreneurial venturing that takes the student through all steps of establishing and growing a business.