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Synthesis, physicochemical and biological evaluation studies of ruthenium(II) and osmium(II) anticancer organometallic complexesBoff, Bastien 11 February 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Since the clinical success of platinum drugs (cisplatin and its derivatives) as anticancer agent, medicinal inorganic chemistry has become a field of growing interest because it offers an alternative for the design of therapeutic agents that are not readily available to organic compounds. Although cisplatin is one of the most widely used drugs in chemotherapy, it is not effective for all types of cancer. Moreover, platinum drugs are the cause of disabling side effects (neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, weight loss, nausea...) and their applicability is limited by innate or induced resistance to platinum in a narrow range of tumours. Therefore, this clinical success has promoted the search for cytotoxic compounds with enhanced activities and more acceptable toxicity profiles. This has stimulated interest in complexes containing other heavy metals of the platinum group such as ruthenium because these compounds show lower toxicity than drugs based on platinum. Some ruthenium compounds have already shown promising anticancer activity and two RuIII complexes trans-[RuCl4-(DMSO)(Im)]ImH (NAMI-A and trans-[RuCl4(Ind)2]IndH (KP1019) recently enter in clinical phase for their respectively antimetastatic and cytotoxic properties.In the essential aim of increasing activity and reducing side effects of anticancer agents, the Laboratoire de Synthèses Métallo-Induites has developed for several years organometallic ruthenium compounds RDC (Ruthenium Derivative Compound) in which one of the ligand is strongly bound to the metal via a strong σ C-Ru bond and stabilized by an intramolecular N-Ru bond. This thesis presents the recent advances of the laboratory in this field and the development of a second generation RDC in which the cylometallating ligand is stabilized by two N-Ru bonds. Thus, several complexes pass the symbolic barrier of the nanomolar range for their IC50 indicating a critical improvement. At the same time, we decided to focus our studies on osmium heavier congener, not only to complete the RDC chemical library, but also to verify the impact of exchanging the metal. An extensive chemical library ODC (Osmium Derivative Compound) of forty cyclometalated osmium complexes was synthesized and evaluated in vitro. Biological studies on these ODCs showed that osmium is another metal that deserves attention for the development of new effective antitumour drugs. The measurements of physicochemical properties such as red-ox potential and lipophylicity (log(Po/w)) allowed us to tentatively correlate these parameters to the level of activity, thus approaching a possible Property-Activity Relationship (P.A.R.). More insight into the role of the red-ox potential will probably become clearer as we progress into the mechanism of action of these species.
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Synthesis, physicochemical and biological evaluation studies of ruthenium(II) and osmium(II) anticancer organometallic complexes / Synthèse, études physico-chimiques et biologiques de complexes organométalliques du ruthénium(II) et de l'osmium(II) à visée anticancéreuseBoff, Bastien 11 February 2012 (has links)
Suite au succès clinique des composés du platine (cisplatin et de ses dérivés) en tant qu’agent anticancéreux, la chimie inorganique médicinale a connu un essor considérable offrant ainsi une alternative à la conception d'agents thérapeutiques. Bien que le cisplatin et ses dérivés soient sans doute une des classes la plus réussie de médicaments anticancéreux, leur utilisation n’est pas efficace contre tous les types de cancer. De plus, ils sont à l’origine d’effets secondaires très invalidants (neurotoxicité, néphrotoxicité, perte de poids, nausées…) et sont également inactifs contre certains cancers présentant une résistance innée ou induite. Par conséquent, la recherche a développé des composés possédant des activités améliorées et des profils de toxicité plus acceptables. Ceci a ainsi stimulé l'intérêt pour les complexes contenant d'autres métaux de la mine du platine tels que le ruthénium, car ces composés présentent une plus faible toxicité que les complexes existants. Certains composés du ruthénium ont déjà montré une activité anticancéreuse prometteuse et deux complexes du RuIII le trans-[RuCl4-(DMSO)(Im)]ImH (NAMI-A) et le trans-[RuCl4(Ind)2]IndH (KP1019) sont entrés récemment en phase clinique.Dans le but d’améliorer l’activité et de réduire les effets secondaires des agents anticancéreux existants, le Laboratoire de Synthèses Métallo-Induites a développé depuis plusieurs années des complexes organométalliques du ruthénium RDC (Ruthenium Derivative Compound) dans lesquels un des ligands est fortement lié au métal par une liaison convalente σ C-Ru qui est elle-même stabilisée par une liaison intramoléculaire N-Ru. Cette thèse présente les avancées récentes du laboratoire dans ce domaine et plus particulièrement le développement d’une chimiothèque de RDC de seconde génération dans laquelle le ligand cyclométallé est stabilisé par deux liaisons N-Ru. Plusieurs complexes ont ainsi atteint des IC50 significativement inférieur à la micromole. En parallèle, le même type d’études a été réalisé sur des complexes de l’osmium aboutissant à une chimiothèque ODC (Osmium Derivative Compound) d’une quarantaine de composés. Cette étude est d’un intérêt particulier car non seulement elle complète la famille des RDC, mais elle permet également de vérifier l’impact du changement de métal. Les études biologiques ont ainsi montré que l'osmium présente un réel intérêt dans le développement de nouveaux médicaments antitumoraux particulièrement efficaces. Les mesures des propriétés physico-chimiques telles que le potentiel d’oxydo-réduction et la lipophilie (log(Po/w)) ont permis de corréler ces paramètres à leur activité in vitro, se rapprochant ainsi d’une éventuelle relation propriété-activité (P.A.R.). Le réel rôle du potentiel d’oxydo-réduction deviendra probablement plus clair au fur et à mesure de notre avancée dans la résolution du mécanisme d'action de ces espèces. / Since the clinical success of platinum drugs (cisplatin and its derivatives) as anticancer agent, medicinal inorganic chemistry has become a field of growing interest because it offers an alternative for the design of therapeutic agents that are not readily available to organic compounds. Although cisplatin is one of the most widely used drugs in chemotherapy, it is not effective for all types of cancer. Moreover, platinum drugs are the cause of disabling side effects (neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, weight loss, nausea…) and their applicability is limited by innate or induced resistance to platinum in a narrow range of tumours. Therefore, this clinical success has promoted the search for cytotoxic compounds with enhanced activities and more acceptable toxicity profiles. This has stimulated interest in complexes containing other heavy metals of the platinum group such as ruthenium because these compounds show lower toxicity than drugs based on platinum. Some ruthenium compounds have already shown promising anticancer activity and two RuIII complexes trans-[RuCl4-(DMSO)(Im)]ImH (NAMI-A and trans-[RuCl4(Ind)2]IndH (KP1019) recently enter in clinical phase for their respectively antimetastatic and cytotoxic properties.In the essential aim of increasing activity and reducing side effects of anticancer agents, the Laboratoire de Synthèses Métallo-Induites has developed for several years organometallic ruthenium compounds RDC (Ruthenium Derivative Compound) in which one of the ligand is strongly bound to the metal via a strong σ C-Ru bond and stabilized by an intramolecular N-Ru bond. This thesis presents the recent advances of the laboratory in this field and the development of a second generation RDC in which the cylometallating ligand is stabilized by two N-Ru bonds. Thus, several complexes pass the symbolic barrier of the nanomolar range for their IC50 indicating a critical improvement. At the same time, we decided to focus our studies on osmium heavier congener, not only to complete the RDC chemical library, but also to verify the impact of exchanging the metal. An extensive chemical library ODC (Osmium Derivative Compound) of forty cyclometalated osmium complexes was synthesized and evaluated in vitro. Biological studies on these ODCs showed that osmium is another metal that deserves attention for the development of new effective antitumour drugs. The measurements of physicochemical properties such as red-ox potential and lipophylicity (log(Po/w)) allowed us to tentatively correlate these parameters to the level of activity, thus approaching a possible Property-Activity Relationship (P.A.R.). More insight into the role of the red-ox potential will probably become clearer as we progress into the mechanism of action of these species.
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