eta2-(5-Methoxy-2-acetylphenyl)tetracarbonylmanganese (30) was reacted with 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane (31) to form 2-acetyl-5-methoxy-N-(tert-butyl)aniline(43) in low yield. Attempts to improve the yield by varying the solvent were unsuccessful. Substrate 30 was reacted with nitrosodurene and orthomanganated triphenylphosphine sulfide was reacted with 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane (31), however no new compounds were characterised in either case. Acetylallene (55) was reacted with 30. Electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry(ESI-MS) provided evidence for the insertion of one and two molecules of 55 into the Mn-C bond of 30 to form the products tentatively identified as 56 and 57. The reaction of orthomanganated triphenylphosphine sulfide with acetylallene was attempted but no new compounds were characterised. In order to extend the study to ketenimines, the synthesis of the diphenylketene N-(p-tolyl)imine was attempted by the dehydration of N-(p-tolyl)diphenylacetamide under a variety of conditions, but it was not isolated in useful quantities. A single preliminary study of the reaction of diphenylketene N-(p-tolyl)imine with 30 gave an intense green solution, but no products were isolated.

Since the clinical success of platinum drugs (cisplatin and its derivatives) as anticancer agent, medicinal inorganic chemistry has become a field of growing interest because it offers an alternative for the design of therapeutic agents that are not readily available to organic compounds. Although cisplatin is one of the most widely used drugs in chemotherapy, it is not effective for all types of cancer. Moreover, platinum drugs are the cause of disabling side effects (neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, weight loss, nausea...) and their applicability is limited by innate or induced resistance to platinum in a narrow range of tumours. Therefore, this clinical success has promoted the search for cytotoxic compounds with enhanced activities and more acceptable toxicity profiles. This has stimulated interest in complexes containing other heavy metals of the platinum group such as ruthenium because these compounds show lower toxicity than drugs based on platinum. Some ruthenium compounds have already shown promising anticancer activity and two RuIII complexes trans-[RuCl4-(DMSO)(Im)]ImH (NAMI-A and trans-[RuCl4(Ind)2]IndH (KP1019) recently enter in clinical phase for their respectively antimetastatic and cytotoxic properties.In the essential aim of increasing activity and reducing side effects of anticancer agents, the Laboratoire de Synthèses Métallo-Induites has developed for several years organometallic ruthenium compounds RDC (Ruthenium Derivative Compound) in which one of the ligand is strongly bound to the metal via a strong σ C-Ru bond and stabilized by an intramolecular N-Ru bond. This thesis presents the recent advances of the laboratory in this field and the development of a second generation RDC in which the cylometallating ligand is stabilized by two N-Ru bonds. Thus, several complexes pass the symbolic barrier of the nanomolar range for their IC50 indicating a critical improvement. At the same time, we decided to focus our studies on osmium heavier congener, not only to complete the RDC chemical library, but also to verify the impact of exchanging the metal. An extensive chemical library ODC (Osmium Derivative Compound) of forty cyclometalated osmium complexes was synthesized and evaluated in vitro. Biological studies on these ODCs showed that osmium is another metal that deserves attention for the development of new effective antitumour drugs. The measurements of physicochemical properties such as red-ox potential and lipophylicity (log(Po/w)) allowed us to tentatively correlate these parameters to the level of activity, thus approaching a possible Property-Activity Relationship (P.A.R.). More insight into the role of the red-ox potential will probably become clearer as we progress into the mechanism of action of these species.

Ce manuscrit décrit la synthèse et les caractérisations physico-chimiques de nouveaux systèmes hétérocycliques π-conjugués contenant un atome de phosphore. Le chapitre d'introduction présente les différentes voies de synthèse du cycle phospholes pouvant être incorporé dans des systèmes π-conjugués. Le chapitre I décrit la synthèse et les propriétés physico-chimiques de dérivés du pyrène contenant soit un phosphole, soit un silole. La synthèse de ces nouvelles structures a été réalisée à l'aide de réactions métallo-catalysées. Deux types de régioisomères ont ainsi été synthétisés afin de déterminer l'impact de la nature de l'hétéroatome (P ou Si) sur leurs propriétés optiques et électrochimiques et sur l'organisation des molécules à l'état solide. Le chapitre II décrit la synthèse et les propriétés physico-chimiques de nouveaux complexes d'Ir(III) ortho-métallés contenant un ligand phosphole. La présence de deux centres stéréogènes induit la formation de diastéréoisomères, dont la formation peut être contrôlée par les conditions réactionnelles. De plus, les propriétés électroniques du ligand phosphole permettent de moduler à façon les propriétés redox et optiques du complexe. Le chapitre III se focalise sur l'utilisation de la phosphépine comme sous-unité pour la construction de nouveaux systèmes π-conjugués. Deux systèmes π-conjugués ont été synthétisés : un squelette de PAH contenant la phosphépine et les dithieno-phosphépines. Les propriétés optiques et redox de ces dérivés ont été étudiées et discutées dans le manuscrit. / This manuscript describes the synthesis and characterisation of new heterocyclic π-conjugated systems built around the phosphorus atom. Firstly, an introduction to the phosphole chemistry (synthesis methods and integration into π-conjugated systems) is presented. The chapter I describes the synthesis and physico-chemical properties of pyrene functionalised either by a phosphole or silole ring. The synthesis of these new structures was achieved by using a transition-metal catalysis. Two types of regioisomers were synthesised in order to study the effect of the heteroatom (P or Si) on the optical and electrochemical properties together with the impact on the solid-state organisation. The chapter II describes the synthesis and the physical properties of the first phosphole-based Ir(III) ortho-metallated complexes. The presence of two stereogenic centres in the complex induced diastereoselectivity issues that could be solved by carefully choosing the reaction conditions. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the nature of the ligands can tune the optical and the redox properties. The chapter III describes the use of P-containing seven-membered rings (phosphepines) for the development of new π-conjugated systems. Two original π-systems have been synthesised and studied: (i) phosphepine based PAH and (ii) dithieno-phosphepines. The optical and redox properties have been investigated and discussed in the manuscript.

Se describe la síntesis de una serie de complejos de Pd(II) con ligandos arilo que contienen en orto los grupos vinilo (CH=CH2), formilo (CHO), acetilo (C(O)Me) y nitrilo (CN), sin sustituyentes adicionales, y se estudia su reactividad frente a moléculas insaturadas: alquinos, isocianuros y monóxido de carbono. De esta forma se obtienen compuestos orgánicos de interés, difíciles de preparar por otros métodos. La tesis contiene un capitulo dedicado a la investigación mediante Resonancia Magnética Nuclear del enlace C-Pd en estos complejos. El último capítulo describe la síntesis del primer ligando pincer derivado del ferroceno, para su uso en catalisis homogénea. / The synthesis of a series of Pd(II) aryl complexes with vinyl (CH=CH2), formyl (CHO), acetyl (C(O)Me) and nitrile (CN) groups in ortho, is described. The reactivity of these complexes towards unsaturated molecules: alkynes, isocyanides and carbon monoxide, is investigated. The formation of interesting and otherwise difficult to obtain organic compounds is described. A chapter is dedicated to the investigation of the C-Pd bond in some of these complexes using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. The last chapter describes the synthesis of the first ferrocene-derived pincer ligand, of interest in homogeneous catalysis.

Suite au succès clinique des composés du platine (cisplatin et de ses dérivés) en tant qu’agent anticancéreux, la chimie inorganique médicinale a connu un essor considérable offrant ainsi une alternative à la conception d'agents thérapeutiques. Bien que le cisplatin et ses dérivés soient sans doute une des classes la plus réussie de médicaments anticancéreux, leur utilisation n’est pas efficace contre tous les types de cancer. De plus, ils sont à l’origine d’effets secondaires très invalidants (neurotoxicité, néphrotoxicité, perte de poids, nausées…) et sont également inactifs contre certains cancers présentant une résistance innée ou induite. Par conséquent, la recherche a développé des composés possédant des activités améliorées et des profils de toxicité plus acceptables. Ceci a ainsi stimulé l'intérêt pour les complexes contenant d'autres métaux de la mine du platine tels que le ruthénium, car ces composés présentent une plus faible toxicité que les complexes existants. Certains composés du ruthénium ont déjà montré une activité anticancéreuse prometteuse et deux complexes du RuIII le trans-[RuCl4-(DMSO)(Im)]ImH (NAMI-A) et le trans-[RuCl4(Ind)2]IndH (KP1019) sont entrés récemment en phase clinique.Dans le but d’améliorer l’activité et de réduire les effets secondaires des agents anticancéreux existants, le Laboratoire de Synthèses Métallo-Induites a développé depuis plusieurs années des complexes organométalliques du ruthénium RDC (Ruthenium Derivative Compound) dans lesquels un des ligands est fortement lié au métal par une liaison convalente σ C-Ru qui est elle-même stabilisée par une liaison intramoléculaire N-Ru. Cette thèse présente les avancées récentes du laboratoire dans ce domaine et plus particulièrement le développement d’une chimiothèque de RDC de seconde génération dans laquelle le ligand cyclométallé est stabilisé par deux liaisons N-Ru. Plusieurs complexes ont ainsi atteint des IC50 significativement inférieur à la micromole. En parallèle, le même type d’études a été réalisé sur des complexes de l’osmium aboutissant à une chimiothèque ODC (Osmium Derivative Compound) d’une quarantaine de composés. Cette étude est d’un intérêt particulier car non seulement elle complète la famille des RDC, mais elle permet également de vérifier l’impact du changement de métal. Les études biologiques ont ainsi montré que l'osmium présente un réel intérêt dans le développement de nouveaux médicaments antitumoraux particulièrement efficaces. Les mesures des propriétés physico-chimiques telles que le potentiel d’oxydo-réduction et la lipophilie (log(Po/w)) ont permis de corréler ces paramètres à leur activité in vitro, se rapprochant ainsi d’une éventuelle relation propriété-activité (P.A.R.). Le réel rôle du potentiel d’oxydo-réduction deviendra probablement plus clair au fur et à mesure de notre avancée dans la résolution du mécanisme d'action de ces espèces. / Since the clinical success of platinum drugs (cisplatin and its derivatives) as anticancer agent, medicinal inorganic chemistry has become a field of growing interest because it offers an alternative for the design of therapeutic agents that are not readily available to organic compounds. Although cisplatin is one of the most widely used drugs in chemotherapy, it is not effective for all types of cancer. Moreover, platinum drugs are the cause of disabling side effects (neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, weight loss, nausea…) and their applicability is limited by innate or induced resistance to platinum in a narrow range of tumours. Therefore, this clinical success has promoted the search for cytotoxic compounds with enhanced activities and more acceptable toxicity profiles. This has stimulated interest in complexes containing other heavy metals of the platinum group such as ruthenium because these compounds show lower toxicity than drugs based on platinum. Some ruthenium compounds have already shown promising anticancer activity and two RuIII complexes trans-[RuCl4-(DMSO)(Im)]ImH (NAMI-A and trans-[RuCl4(Ind)2]IndH (KP1019) recently enter in clinical phase for their respectively antimetastatic and cytotoxic properties.In the essential aim of increasing activity and reducing side effects of anticancer agents, the Laboratoire de Synthèses Métallo-Induites has developed for several years organometallic ruthenium compounds RDC (Ruthenium Derivative Compound) in which one of the ligand is strongly bound to the metal via a strong σ C-Ru bond and stabilized by an intramolecular N-Ru bond. This thesis presents the recent advances of the laboratory in this field and the development of a second generation RDC in which the cylometallating ligand is stabilized by two N-Ru bonds. Thus, several complexes pass the symbolic barrier of the nanomolar range for their IC50 indicating a critical improvement. At the same time, we decided to focus our studies on osmium heavier congener, not only to complete the RDC chemical library, but also to verify the impact of exchanging the metal. An extensive chemical library ODC (Osmium Derivative Compound) of forty cyclometalated osmium complexes was synthesized and evaluated in vitro. Biological studies on these ODCs showed that osmium is another metal that deserves attention for the development of new effective antitumour drugs. The measurements of physicochemical properties such as red-ox potential and lipophylicity (log(Po/w)) allowed us to tentatively correlate these parameters to the level of activity, thus approaching a possible Property-Activity Relationship (P.A.R.). More insight into the role of the red-ox potential will probably become clearer as we progress into the mechanism of action of these species.

L’un des axes de recherche du laboratoire Synthèse Métallo-Induites consiste en le développement de nouveaux complexes métallacycliques à chiralité planaire. Le défi majeur de cette thèse, a été l’élaboration de nouvelles approches sélectives de synthèse de complexes cationiques et neutres métallacyliques à chiralité planaire dont le métal chélaté est un centrestéréogène pseudo-tétraédrique.Le projet de thèse fut initié lors de l’étude d’une réaction inhabituelle de cycloruthénation d’un ligand dérivé de la 2-phénylpyridine qui était capable de produire un complexe ruthénacyclique OC-6 triscationique, homobinucléaire et à chiralité planaire comme produit secondaire en une seule étape à partir de substrats simples. Ce type de produit homobinucléaire ne peut se former uniquement que lorsqu’un groupement fortement donneur comme le N,N-diméthylamino (-NMe2) est présent sur le ligand départ. C’est donc à la lumière de ce résultat que nous avons engagé une étude systématique de la synthèse de nouveaux composés iridacycliques à chiralité planaire. Les fragments métalliques positivement chargés (Cp*Ir2+, Cp*Ru+) et neutre (Cr(CO)3) pourraient p-coordiner un fragment aryle riche en électrons d’un composé cyclométallé suivant un cours stéréochimiqueconditionné par la nature des entités ainsi introduites. Une des conséquences inattendues de ces recherches est l’émergence du concept de chiralité constitutionnelle déportée qui a surgi lors de l’étude du comportement conformationnel du complexe endo dicationique IrIr(NMe2) dont les groupes méthyles portés par le substituant N,N-diméthylamino dénotent une diastéréotopicité remarquable en spectroscopie de RMN 1H.A cette quête fondamentale de sélectivité s’est aussi greffée une exploration des propriétés catalytiques de nos complexes qui se sont révélés comme d’excellents précatalyseurs pour la promotion de réactions comme l’oxydation de l’eau et l’hydroamination/hydrosilylation d’alcynes vrais. / One of the main research domain in the laboratory of «Synthèse Metallo-Induites» consists in the development of new planar chiral metallacycles complexes. The challenge of this thesis was the development of new selective approaches for the synthesis of new cationic and neutral planar chiral metallacycles complexes in which the chelated metal is a pseudotetrahedral stereogenic center.The thesis project was initiated by the study of the unusual cycloruthenation of a 2-phenylpyridine ligand which was able to produce a tris-cationic homobimetallic planar chiral ruthenacycle as secondary product in a one step reaction starting from simple substrates. This type of homobimetallic product is only formed when a strong electrodonationg group as NMe2 is present on the starting ligand. In view of this result, we engaged a systematic study by synthesizing new planar chiral iridacycles compounds. The positively charged metal fragments (Cp*Ir2+, Cp*Ru+) and neutral (Cr(CO)3) may p-coordinate the electronic rich aryl fragment of the iridacyclic compound by virtue of the coulombic imbalance in the coordination sphere of the chelated metal center. One of the unexpected consequence of this research is the emergence of the concept ″deported constitutional chirality″, which appeared during the study of the conformational behaviour of an endodicationiciridacyclic complex where the methyl groups carried by the N,N-dimethylamino substituent diastereotopicity.To this fundamental quest for selectivity an explanation of the catalytic proprieties of our complexes was added. They were found to be good precatalysts for the promotion of the water oxidation catalysis and to be promising catalysts for tandem hydroamination/hydrosilation of terminal alkynes.

The synthesis of a rigid 4,5-bis(triphenylphosphinimino)-2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene (Ph3PN)2XT (1) ligand is outlined, along with a modified synthesis for previously reported 1,8-bis(triphenylphosphinimino)naphthalene (Ph3PN)2NAP (3). Reaction of neutral (Ph3PN)2XT with [Y(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2] resulted in double cyclometallation, yielding the base-free monoalkyl complex, [({Ph2(C6H4)PN}2XT)Y(CH2SiMe3)] (2). Layering a concentrated THF solution of 2 with hexanes at −28 °C afforded THF-coordinated [({Ph2(C6H4)PN}2XT) Y(CH2SiMe3)(THF)]·2THF (2-THF·2THF), with a distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry and approximately meridional coordination of the pentadentate {Ph2(C6H4)PN}2XT dianion. Similarly, (Ph3PN)2NAP reacted with [Y(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2] to afford a THF-coordinated monoalkyl complex, [{(Ph2(C6H4)PN)2NAP}Y(CH2SiMe3)(THF)] (4-THF). Layering a DME solution of 4-THF with hexanes at −28 °C afforded X-ray quality crystals of [{(Ph2(C6H4)PN)2NAP}Y(CH2SiMe3)(κ2-DME)]·hexane (4-DME·hexane), with a highly distorted pentagonal bipyramidal geometry and a facial coordination mode of the tetradentate {Ph2(C6H4)PN}2NAP dianion The synthesis of a rigid 4,5-bis(1,3-diisopropylimidazol-2-imine)-2,7,9,9-tetramethylacridan H(AII2) ligand (5) was achieved via a Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reaction. Reaction of the proligand H(AII2) with [M(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2] (M = Y(6), Sc(8)) yielded the base free dialkyl complexes [(AII2)Y(CH2SiMe3)2] (6) and [(AII2)Sc(CH2SiMe3)2] (8). The reaction of 6 with one equivalent of [CPh3][B(C6F5)4] yielded [(AII2)Y(CH2SiMe3)][B(C6F5)4] (7) in-situ. Complex 7 proved to be a potent intramolecular hydroamination catalyst for a variety of aminoalkane substrates. The attempted synthesis of 4,5-bis(1,3-diisopropylimidazol-2-imine)-2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene (XII2) via the Staudinger reaction resulted in the isolation of the triazene intermediate 4,5-bis(1,3-diisopropylimidazol-2-yliedene{triazene})-2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene XIA2 (9). Reaction of XIA2 with one equivalent of [Y(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2] led to the isolation of [(XIA2)Y(CH2SiMe3)3] (10). Synthesis of XII2 (11) was achieved via a Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reaction. Reaction of XII2 with one equivalent of YCl3(THF)3.5 resulted in the isolation of [(XII2)YCl3] (12). In contrast, the reaction of XII2 with one equivalent of [Y(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2] led to several unidentified products. Reaction of XII2 with 1 equivalent of [H(Et2O)2][B(C6F5)4] led to the isolation of the precursor [H(XII)2][B(C6F5)4] (13). The reaction of 13 with 1.1 equivalents of [M(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2] (M = {Y(14), Sc(15)} led to the isolation of the monocationic [(XII)2M(CH2SiMe3)2][B(C6F5)4] complexes. The reaction of [(XII)2Sc(CH2SiMe3)2][B(C6F5)4] with 1.1 equivalents of B(C6F5)3 led to the abstraction of a methyl anion from the silicon center, with concomitant migration of the remaining alkyl group to the positively charged silicon, forming a new CH2SiMe2CH2SiMe3 alkyl group. This process is accompanied by MeB(C6F5)3 anion formation, forming a contact ion pair to afford the dicationic species [(XII)2Sc(CH2SiMe3)][MeB(C6F5)3][B(C6F5)4] 16. In contrast, the reaction of 15 with 1.3 equivalents of [CPh3][B(C6F5)4] in the presence of 5 equivalents of toluene resulted in the synthesis of [(XII)2Sc(CH2SiMe3)(ɳx-toluene)][B(C6F5)4]2 17 in-situ. Complex 17 is a highly potent ethylene polymerization catalyst with an activity of 868 kg/mol·atm·h. The reaction of 15 with [HNMe2Ph][B(C6F5)4] led to the cyclometallation of the resulting NMe2Ph byproduct to yield [(XII2)Sc(C6H4NMe2)][B(C6F5)4]2 (18) in-situ. The synthesis of a rigid, asymmetric 4-(1,3-diisopropylimidazol-2-imine)-5-(2,6-diisopropylanilido)- 2,7-di-tert-butyl-9,9-dimethylxanthene XAI (19) ligand was achieved by a two step Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reaction with initial cross coupling of 1,3-diisopropylimidazol-2-imine followed by the cross-coupling of 2,6-diisoproylaniline. The reaction of XAI with 1.1 equivalents of [Y(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2] yielded [(XAI)Y(CH2SiMe3)2] (20). Subsequent reaction of [(XAI)Y(CH2SiMe3)2] with 1 equivalent of [CPh3][B(C6F5)4] in the presence of 10 equivalents of toluene resulted in the synthesis of the toluene coordinated [(XAI)Y(CH2SiMe3)(ɳx-toluene)][B(C6F5)4] (21) complex. Similar to 7, complex 21 was highly active for intramolecular hydroamination of various substrates. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Cationic group 3 alkyl complexes are underreported in comparison to analogous group 4 complexes. The scarcity of these complexes can be attributed to their propensity to engage in undesirable reactions such as ligand redistribution and cyclometallation. To increase the thermal stability of such complexes, design features, such as carefully positioned steric bulk and ligand rigidity are beneficial. Additionally, such ligands must also have considerable donor ability, in order to stabilize inherently electron deficient cationic metal centers. This work details the synthesis of a variety of neutral and monoanionic ligands that incorporate the aforementioned design features, which were utilized in the successful synthesis of a variety of neutral, monocationic and extremely rare dicationic group 3 alkyl complexes. The cationic monoalkyl complex in this work proved to be a highly potent intramolecular hydroamination catalyst. Furthermore, a rare dicationic scandium complex was highly active for ethylene polymerization

Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wird die Synthese neopentyl- und neosilylsubstituierter Phosphane zur Verwendung als Liganden in katalytisch aktiven Palladiumkomplexen beschrieben. Die Aktivität wurde in der Suzuki-Miyaura Kreuzkupplungsreaktion getestet. Während die neosilylsubstituierten Phosphane 2:1 Addukte (5b und 5d) mit geeigneten Palladiumsalzen bilden, welche moderate Katalyseaktivität zeigen, untergehen die neopentylsubstituierten Komplexe schnelle Cyclometalierungsreaktionen in Gegenwart von Basen und bilden die katalytisch wenig aktiven Palladacyclen (6a, 6e, and 6g). Die deaktivierende Cylometallierung konnte durch Darstellung der Palladiumcomplexe ausgehend von Pd(cod)Cl2 in Abwesenheit von Basen vermieden werden. Die erhaltenen 2:1 Phosphaneaddukte zeigten deutlich verbesserte Aktivität. Daraus wurde geschlossen, dass die Cyclomettalierung als Nebenreaktion eine wichtige Deaktiverungsmöglichkeit darstellt, diese Überlegung veranlasste uns Trialkylphosphane mittlerer Größe, mit Substituenten die nur schwer eine Cyclometallierungen eingehen können zu testen. Die Verwendung der Phosphoniumsalze 4h (R = Cy, R‘ = neopentyl) und 4m (R = iPr, R‘ = CH2Cy) führt zu höheren Aktivitäten in der Suzuki-Miyaura Kreuzkupplung, als bestes Katalysatorsystem hat sich die Kombination aus Pd2(dba)3 oder Pd(OAc)2 und entsprechendem Phosphoniumsalz ergeben. Im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit werden Synthesen zu neuen biphenylbasierten Diphosphanen (70, 71, 76, and 77) vorgestellt. Die Palladiumkomplexe wurden ebenfalls auf ihre Eignung als Katalysatoren in palladiumkatalysierten Suzuki-Miyaura Kreuzkupplungen getestet und zeigen für diese Klasse von Komplexen gute Aktivität. Das Tetraphosphan 82 wurde für die Synthese des zweikernigen Palladium(II)-komplex 83 eingesetzt. Durch die Koordination des D2h-symmetrischen Tetraphosphanes an die Palladiumatome wird die Symmetrie des Moleküls erniedrigt und folglich erhält man den formal D2-symmetrischen Komplex 83. / In the first part of this thesis, the synthesis and catalytic activity of neopentyl and neosilyl substituted phosphine palladium complexes is described. The complexes have been tested in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. Whereas the neosilyl substituted phosphines form 2:1 adducts (5b and 5d) with Palladium salts which showed moderate activity, the neopentyl complexes quickly undergo cyclometallation in presence of bases to form Palladacycles (6a, 6e, and 6g) which showed only moderate catalytic activity. Cyclometallation could be avoided by the preparation starting from Pd(cod)Cl2 in the absence of bases. The obtained 2:1 phosphine adducts showed superior activity. We concluded that cyclometallation process is an important deactivation pathway, this prompted us to test trialkyl phosphine ligands with medium size but substituents not reliable to cyclometallation. We have been pleased to find that 4h (R = Cy, R‘ = neopentyl) and 4m (R = iPr, R‘ = CH2Cy) showed good activity in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. The best results have been obtained by in situ preparation of active catalyst from Pd2(dba)3 or Pd(OAc)2 and the appropriate phosphonium salt. In the second part of this thesis, the first synthesis of a new family of biphenyl based bisphosphine ligands (70, 71, 76, and 77) has been reported. Their palladium complexes were successfully tested as catalyst in the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. Within the class of bisphosphine based palladium complexes they show good activity in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. Systematically, was expanded our synthesis strategy and we were able to introduce the first synthesis of a highly symmetric 2,2',6,6'-tetraphosphinobiphenyl. Tetraphosphine 82 was used as ligand in a dinuclear palladium(II) complex 83. Upon complexation the D2h symmetric 2,2’,6,6’-tetraphosphine lead to a chiral D2 symmetric complex 83.

Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wird die Synthese neopentyl- und neosilylsubstituierter Phosphane zur Verwendung als Liganden in katalytisch aktiven Palladiumkomplexen beschrieben. Die Aktivität wurde in der Suzuki-Miyaura Kreuzkupplungsreaktion getestet. Während die neosilylsubstituierten Phosphane 2:1 Addukte (5b und 5d) mit geeigneten Palladiumsalzen bilden, welche moderate Katalyseaktivität zeigen, untergehen die neopentylsubstituierten Komplexe schnelle Cyclometalierungsreaktionen in Gegenwart von Basen und bilden die katalytisch wenig aktiven Palladacyclen (6a, 6e, and 6g). Die deaktivierende Cylometallierung konnte durch Darstellung der Palladiumcomplexe ausgehend von Pd(cod)Cl2 in Abwesenheit von Basen vermieden werden. Die erhaltenen 2:1 Phosphaneaddukte zeigten deutlich verbesserte Aktivität. Daraus wurde geschlossen, dass die Cyclomettalierung als Nebenreaktion eine wichtige Deaktiverungsmöglichkeit darstellt, diese Überlegung veranlasste uns Trialkylphosphane mittlerer Größe, mit Substituenten die nur schwer eine Cyclometallierungen eingehen können zu testen. Die Verwendung der Phosphoniumsalze 4h (R = Cy, R‘ = neopentyl) und 4m (R = iPr, R‘ = CH2Cy) führt zu höheren Aktivitäten in der Suzuki-Miyaura Kreuzkupplung, als bestes Katalysatorsystem hat sich die Kombination aus Pd2(dba)3 oder Pd(OAc)2 und entsprechendem Phosphoniumsalz ergeben. Im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit werden Synthesen zu neuen biphenylbasierten Diphosphanen (70, 71, 76, and 77) vorgestellt. Die Palladiumkomplexe wurden ebenfalls auf ihre Eignung als Katalysatoren in palladiumkatalysierten Suzuki-Miyaura Kreuzkupplungen getestet und zeigen für diese Klasse von Komplexen gute Aktivität. Das Tetraphosphan 82 wurde für die Synthese des zweikernigen Palladium(II)-komplex 83 eingesetzt. Durch die Koordination des D2h-symmetrischen Tetraphosphanes an die Palladiumatome wird die Symmetrie des Moleküls erniedrigt und folglich erhält man den formal D2-symmetrischen Komplex 83. / In the first part of this thesis, the synthesis and catalytic activity of neopentyl and neosilyl substituted phosphine palladium complexes is described. The complexes have been tested in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. Whereas the neosilyl substituted phosphines form 2:1 adducts (5b and 5d) with Palladium salts which showed moderate activity, the neopentyl complexes quickly undergo cyclometallation in presence of bases to form Palladacycles (6a, 6e, and 6g) which showed only moderate catalytic activity. Cyclometallation could be avoided by the preparation starting from Pd(cod)Cl2 in the absence of bases. The obtained 2:1 phosphine adducts showed superior activity. We concluded that cyclometallation process is an important deactivation pathway, this prompted us to test trialkyl phosphine ligands with medium size but substituents not reliable to cyclometallation. We have been pleased to find that 4h (R = Cy, R‘ = neopentyl) and 4m (R = iPr, R‘ = CH2Cy) showed good activity in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. The best results have been obtained by in situ preparation of active catalyst from Pd2(dba)3 or Pd(OAc)2 and the appropriate phosphonium salt. In the second part of this thesis, the first synthesis of a new family of biphenyl based bisphosphine ligands (70, 71, 76, and 77) has been reported. Their palladium complexes were successfully tested as catalyst in the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. Within the class of bisphosphine based palladium complexes they show good activity in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. Systematically, was expanded our synthesis strategy and we were able to introduce the first synthesis of a highly symmetric 2,2',6,6'-tetraphosphinobiphenyl. Tetraphosphine 82 was used as ligand in a dinuclear palladium(II) complex 83. Upon complexation the D2h symmetric 2,2’,6,6’-tetraphosphine lead to a chiral D2 symmetric complex 83.