No description available.

<p>The present thesis deals with Åland, i.e. the Åland Islands, as a language environment. Its main focus is on the language attitudes of adolescents. The status, role and use of Swedish, Finnish and English are topical. Its main part consists of an empirical study, which is based on an extensive questionnaire answered by students in grade 9 of primary school and in the second grade of the (theoretical) secondary school in Åland.</p><p>The thesis includes a description of Åland as a language environment. The legal framework making Åland an autonomous region in Finland with Swedish as the only official language is presented. Language policies in Åland are compared with those of Sweden and Finland (outside of Åland). Special treatment is given to the school as a linguistic environment and recent language related debate in Åland.</p><p>The central questions in the questionnaire relate to language choice, media habits, subjective estimations of the respondents’ own language competence and language attitudes in a broad sense.</p><p>Six hypotheses based on a model of secure and insecure majorities and minorities as well as the Interactive Acculturation Model are postulated and treated.</p><p>The results of the empirical study reveal very strong feelings of affinity towards Åland. Attitudes towards English and English-speakers are in general positive. The results reveal somewhat ambivalent attitudes towards Finnish and Finland. Many variables show a tendency among the respondents to favour Sweden ahead of Finland and negative attitudes towards Finnish but there are also other conflicting results. The respondents who have parents who speak Finnish to them display more positive attitudes towards Finnish and Finland. These differences between the groups are statistically significant. However, the group with a Finnish language background also displays its strongest feelings of affinity towards Åland.</p>

The present thesis deals with Åland, i.e. the Åland Islands, as a language environment. Its main focus is on the language attitudes of adolescents. The status, role and use of Swedish, Finnish and English are topical. Its main part consists of an empirical study, which is based on an extensive questionnaire answered by students in grade 9 of primary school and in the second grade of the (theoretical) secondary school in Åland. The thesis includes a description of Åland as a language environment. The legal framework making Åland an autonomous region in Finland with Swedish as the only official language is presented. Language policies in Åland are compared with those of Sweden and Finland (outside of Åland). Special treatment is given to the school as a linguistic environment and recent language related debate in Åland. The central questions in the questionnaire relate to language choice, media habits, subjective estimations of the respondents’ own language competence and language attitudes in a broad sense. Six hypotheses based on a model of secure and insecure majorities and minorities as well as the Interactive Acculturation Model are postulated and treated. The results of the empirical study reveal very strong feelings of affinity towards Åland. Attitudes towards English and English-speakers are in general positive. The results reveal somewhat ambivalent attitudes towards Finnish and Finland. Many variables show a tendency among the respondents to favour Sweden ahead of Finland and negative attitudes towards Finnish but there are also other conflicting results. The respondents who have parents who speak Finnish to them display more positive attitudes towards Finnish and Finland. These differences between the groups are statistically significant. However, the group with a Finnish language background also displays its strongest feelings of affinity towards Åland.

Psykopatiska drag kan ge negativa konsekvenser såsom ett antisocialt beteende och låg empati. För att kunna förebygga har forskningen tittat på olika orsaker till att sådana drag utvecklas. Man har bland annat tittat på om otrygga anknytningsstilar har ett samband med psykopatiska drag.   I den här studien deltog 102 personer i ett bekvämlighetsurval. Av de som svarade var 83,3% kvinnor och resten män, de flesta var i åldersgrupperna mellan 41–64 år.   Denna studie visade ett svagt samband mellan otrygg-undvikande anknytningsstil och psykopatiska drag. Andra studier har gjorts med andra urvalsgrupper med problematik såsom psykiatrisk diagnos och kriminalitet. Förmodligen hade resultatet blivit annorlunda med ett annat urval. Tendensen är dock att det finns ett samband mellan otrygg-undvikande anknytningsstil och psykopatiska drag. / Psychopathic traits can have negative consequences such as antisocial behaviour and low empathy. In order to be able to prevent it, research has looked at various reasons why such traits develop. Among other things, they have looked at whether insecure attachment styles have a connection with psychopathic traits.   In this study, 102 people participated in a convenience sample. Of those who responded, 83.3% were women and the rest were men, most were in the age groups between 41–64 years.   This study showed a weak association between insecure-avoidant attachment style and psychopathic traits. Other studies have been done with other sample groups with problems such as psychiatric diagnosis and crime. Probably the result would have been different with a different selection. The tendency, however, is that there is a connection between insecure-avoidant attachment style and psychopathic traits.

The present essay attempts a psychoanalytic interpretation of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Jay Gatsby’s id, superego, ego, and core issues. The first stage of the paper offers an analysis of Gatsby’s id, superego and ego; and finds that the id largely rules his behaviour, with few instances where the ego takes control and manifests the superego. The second stage proposes that three psychoanalytic core issues are identifiable in the character of Gatsby: fear of abandonment, low self-esteem and insecure or unstable sense of self. Through the lens of Psychoanalytic Criticism, the present essay looks at fictional literature in order to gain insight into the human psyche, in hopes of discussing and spreading awareness about mental health.

No description available.

No description available.

Using latent growth curve modeling, this longitudinal study examined the patterns of the discrepancy between desired and actual frequency of sexual intercourse for 331 married couples over a period of 5 years. In addition, couple insecure attachment and control variables such as age, length of relationship, income, race, and education were used to predict each partner's sexual desire discrepancy (SDD) and its change over the 5 year time period. Participants were asked to report their actual frequency of sexual intercourse and their desired frequency in each wave of data collection. Discrepancy scores were created for each year by subtracting the reported actual frequency from the reported desired frequency separately for wives and for husbands. In terms of change over time, findings showed a significant change across time for wives with a trend toward less discrepancy over time. Husbands' discrepancy scores were higher than wives and remained stable over the five years. Insecure attachment predicted the average SDD for husbands. Wife income predicted the change in SDD over the five years for husbands but not for wives. Wife race predicted the average SDD for husbands. Implications for research and clinical use are highlighted.

No description available.

Användandet av timanställning har ökat i flera arbetsbranscher, bland annat inom äldreomsorgen. Det är vanligare med lägre självskattad hälsa inom lågavlönade kvinnodominerade yrken, exempelvis vård- och omsorg i jämförelse med mansdominerade yrken. Många studier har undersökt samband mellan olika former av osäkra anställningar och en rad hälsoutfall, men få studier har undersökt enbart timanställdas självskattade hälsa. Syftet med denna studie är således att undersöka associationen mellan självskattad hälsa och anställningsform, samt associationen mellan självskattad hälsa och föredragen anställningsform bland anställda inom äldreomsorgen. Studien är en kvantitativ metod med tvärsnittsdesign och registerdata användes från forskningsprojektet Flexibelt Arbete (Flexa-A) i Högskolan Gävle. Urvalet bestod av 302 timanställda och 110 fast anställda inom äldreomsorgen i Sverige. En ojusterad och justerad logistisk regressionsanalys genomfördes, den justerade analysen inkluderar förväxlingsvariablerna; kön, ålder, ursprung, rökvanor och fysisk aktiv på fritiden. Resultatet från den ojusterade modellen visade att timanställda hade ungefär 3 gånger  högre odds att skatta sin hälsa högre än fast anställda  (P= 0,001, OR = 3,062) och efter justering visade modellen att timanställda hade fortfarande högre självskattad hälsa än fast anställda. Däremot identifierades inget samband mellan föredragen anställning och självskattad hälsa (P=0,9). Slutsatsen var att timanställda inom äldreomsorgen hade högre självskattad hälsa än fast anställda, däremot finns det inga skillnader i självskattad hälsa mellan timanställdas föredragna anställningsform. Eftersom att användningen av timanställning ökar inom olika arbetsbranscher, är det av vikt att fortsätta studera kring timanställdas självskattade hälsa och om det finns skillnader inom olika yrkesgrupper. / The use of zero hours contracts has increased in several workplaces including elderly health care. It is more common to have lower self- rated health in low-paid female-dominated workplaces, such as in health care, compared to male-dominated workplaces. Many studies have investigated the associations between various forms of job insecurity and a range of health outcomes, but few studies have specifically examined the self-rated health of zero hours contracts. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the association between self-rated health and employment type, as well as the association between self-rated health and preferred employment among employees in elderly care.  The study is a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design and uses register data collected from research project Flexible work: Opportunity and Challenge (FLOC) at the University of Gävle. The sample included 302 zero hours contract employees and 110 permanent employees in elderly care. An unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analysis were conducted; the adjusted model included the confounding variables: gender, age, origin, smoking habits and physical activity during leisure time. The result from the unadjusted model showed that employees with zero hours contract had 3 times higher odds of rating their health as high compared to permanent employees (P= 0,001, OR = 3,062), and after adjustment the model showed that zero hours contracts still had higher self-rated health than permanent employees. While there was no association between preferred employment and self- rated health (P=0,9). The conclusion was that employees with zero hour contracts in elderly care had higher self-rated health then permanent employees, and there are no differences in self-rated health between zero hours contracts employees preferred form of employment. Since the use of zero hours contracts is increasing within different work industries, it important to continue studying zero hours contract employees’ self-rated health.