This article explores how inservice teachers articulate and challenge notions of effective teaching as part of an environment of high-stakes teacher evaluation (HSTE) in Tennessee. Drawing on data from public forum speeches at school board meetings, policy documents, and interviews, we used thematic discourse analysis to investigate how teacher effectiveness is discursively constructed by teachers. Findings demonstrate how participants drew upon competing definitions of effective teaching to build a discursive case for potential areas for improvement regarding the observation of teaching as part of HSTE policies. Because measures of teacher performance are an issue of much debate in the United States, teachers’ descriptions of the relationships between teaching evaluations, observations, professional development, and student learning are critical to understanding how to develop effective procedures for observation and evaluation. Implications for developing evaluation informed by teachers’ experiences are discussed.

The purpose of this study is to understand the opportunities for professional learning teachers encounter over the span of their careers. I conduct two qualitative case studies of mid-career teachers from Ontario, Canada to obtain insights into their teacher development experiences over their first eight years in the teaching profession. The analysis of interviews conducted during this period led me to identify four learning opportunities that were significant for the participants: mentoring at the beginning of the career, learning from and with colleagues, mandated collaborative learning, and part-time graduate studies. The teachers highlight the limits and possibilities of these opportunities considering their professional needs and contexts. Drawing on these findings, some practical recommendations for the design and implementation of teacher development programs are suggested.

The purpose of this study is to understand the opportunities for professional learning teachers encounter over the span of their careers. I conduct two qualitative case studies of mid-career teachers from Ontario, Canada to obtain insights into their teacher development experiences over their first eight years in the teaching profession. The analysis of interviews conducted during this period led me to identify four learning opportunities that were significant for the participants: mentoring at the beginning of the career, learning from and with colleagues, mandated collaborative learning, and part-time graduate studies. The teachers highlight the limits and possibilities of these opportunities considering their professional needs and contexts. Drawing on these findings, some practical recommendations for the design and implementation of teacher development programs are suggested.

Teacher preparation programs invest significant resources to influence the beliefs of preservice teachers, including clinical faculty who mentor preservice teachers during practicum experiences. Despite the work of university personnel to guide preservice teachers' beliefs, their influence wanes once preservice teachers cross the threshold into inservice teaching. New mentors, including mentor teachers, instructional coaches, and administrators take the place of university personnel. This quantitative study examined how the beliefs of 77 novice inservice teachers changed toward reform-based mathematics instruction during their first year of teaching. Of the 77 subjects, 50 were interns and 27 had completed student teaching. Near the end of their first year of teaching, subjects were surveyed for their current beliefs at the time of completing the survey. Their beliefs from the time immediately preceding the beginning of their first year of teaching were measured retrospectively. During their first year, school-based personnel served as their "˜transitional faculty' as they supported the novice teachers' teaching experiences. The novice inservice teachers' perceptions of the transitional faculty's beliefs and support, as well as the alignment of their curriculum materials, were also surveyed. Relationships between changes in the beliefs of the novice inservice teachers and their perceptions of their transitional faculty and curriculum were examined. The overall belief means for novice inservice teachers decreased, the extent of which is statistically significant. Analyses of covariance revealed that the perceived beliefs and support of transitional faculty played a statistically significant role in the belief change of novice inservice teachers, as did their curriculum materials. This study highlights the importance of creating systems to improve mentor selection and training so the work of university personnel is not undone during the novice's first year of teaching.

Este trabalho apresenta resultados de uma investigação acerca dos usos das mídias interativas utilizadas no PEC - Formação Universitária Municípios, um programa de formação de professores em serviço que encerrou suas atividades em dezembro de 2004. O programa faz parte das políticas educacionais que têm incentivado a adoção da Educação a Distância (EaD) e o uso das Novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (NTIC) na formação docente. A metodologia qualitativa utilizada na pesquisa envolveu atividades de observação in loco, entrevistas gravadas com alunas-professoras e profissionais do programa e coleta de documentos de tipo diverso -impressos, digitalizados e em vídeo. As análises basearam-se nos conceitos de uso, consumo, estratégias e táticas de Michel de Certeau (1994), de apropriação, de Roger Chartier (2001) e de técnica, de Piérre Lévy (1999). Os usos das NTICs constituem o foco do trabalho e são entendidos sob três aspectos: uso potencial, uso proposto e uso efetivado. Parte-se da hipótese de que na proposta de formação do programa predomina um modelo industrial de EaD, em que ensino e aprendizagem relacionam-se como uma forma especial de produção e consumo. Porém, esse uso não é necessariamente passivo. Considerando que as políticas atuais enfatizam o papel das novas mídias, como meio e como finalidade das ações de formação em serviço, o trabalho busca analisar criticamente os discursos que defendem o uso das novas tecnologias em educação como forma de inclusão de docentes e alunos na denominada Sociedade da Informação e aqueles que enfatizam a contribuição inédita da EaD pelo caráter de interação e interatividade. As análises empreendidas levaram a perceber várias ambigüidades na execução do programa, decorrentes, de um lado, das contradições internas a que esteve sujeito, dada a complexidade da proposta que envolveu várias instituições e instâncias de decisão; e, de outro, de sua proposta metodológica, de vez que assentada em uma concepção instrumental das mídias interativas. Ao lançar mão das novas tecnologias como meio de formação em massa, o PEC acabou por transformar suas potencialidades em obrigatoriedades, promovendo massificação, padronização e mecanização do ensino. Todavia, as alunas-professoras, na condição de consumidoras astuciosas, apropriaram-se das mídias de formas diversas daquelas previstas pelo programa, adequando o uso das mesmas a suas próprias necessidades. Tais apropriações, como parte integrante e positiva de um processo de autoformação, não foram levadas em conta pelo programa, a despeito de sua proposta pedagógica colocar ênfase e adotar como um de seus princípios o valor da experiência prática dos docentes. / This work presents the results of an investigation concerning the uses of interactive media utilized in the PEC - Formação Universitária Municípios, a high education program for inservice primary teachers, which ended its activities in December 2004. The program is part of the current public policies in education that have encouraged the implementation of distance education methodology and the use of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in teacher education. A qualitative approach was taken, consisted of in loco observation, recorded interviews with the student-teachers and professionals who worked for the program, and gathering of printed, digitalized and recorded documents. The analyses are based on the concepts of use, consumption, strategies and tactics by Michel Certeau (1994), of appropriation by Roger Chartier (2001) and of technique by Piérre Lévy (1999). The focus of the study is the use of the ICT, with regard to three aspects: their potential use, their intended use and their actual use. The work starts with the assumption that the industrial distance education model is the core of the program and consider that, in such model, the teaching and learning relate to each other in a productive consumptive (not necessarily passive) manner. It was taking into account that the current public policies emphasize the role of the new media and technologies as a means as well as an end of the in-service education. With that in mind, the work aims at making a critical analysis of both the discourse of those who support the use of ICT in education as a means of inclusion of teachers and pupils in the so called Society of Information and of those who underline the brand new contribution of distance education based on its interaction and interactivity characteristics. The analyses mad explicit the various ambiguities of the program due, in part, to the complexity of its proposal that involved different institutions and levels of decisions, and also to the employed methodology based on an instrumentalist concept of the interactive media. Making use of the technologies as a means of mass education, the PEC ended to transforming the potential uses of the new technologies in mandatory ones, which resulted in mass use, standardization and mechanization of the education. Nevertheless, the student-teachers, as clever consumers, appropriated of the media in ways that were not anticipated by the program, tailoring them to their own necessities. In spite of having as pedagogical principle the value of the practical experiences, such appropriations were not appreciated by the program as being an essential part of the teacher?s self-education.

Este trabalho apresenta resultados de uma investigação acerca dos usos das mídias interativas utilizadas no PEC - Formação Universitária Municípios, um programa de formação de professores em serviço que encerrou suas atividades em dezembro de 2004. O programa faz parte das políticas educacionais que têm incentivado a adoção da Educação a Distância (EaD) e o uso das Novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (NTIC) na formação docente. A metodologia qualitativa utilizada na pesquisa envolveu atividades de observação in loco, entrevistas gravadas com alunas-professoras e profissionais do programa e coleta de documentos de tipo diverso -impressos, digitalizados e em vídeo. As análises basearam-se nos conceitos de uso, consumo, estratégias e táticas de Michel de Certeau (1994), de apropriação, de Roger Chartier (2001) e de técnica, de Piérre Lévy (1999). Os usos das NTICs constituem o foco do trabalho e são entendidos sob três aspectos: uso potencial, uso proposto e uso efetivado. Parte-se da hipótese de que na proposta de formação do programa predomina um modelo industrial de EaD, em que ensino e aprendizagem relacionam-se como uma forma especial de produção e consumo. Porém, esse uso não é necessariamente passivo. Considerando que as políticas atuais enfatizam o papel das novas mídias, como meio e como finalidade das ações de formação em serviço, o trabalho busca analisar criticamente os discursos que defendem o uso das novas tecnologias em educação como forma de inclusão de docentes e alunos na denominada Sociedade da Informação e aqueles que enfatizam a contribuição inédita da EaD pelo caráter de interação e interatividade. As análises empreendidas levaram a perceber várias ambigüidades na execução do programa, decorrentes, de um lado, das contradições internas a que esteve sujeito, dada a complexidade da proposta que envolveu várias instituições e instâncias de decisão; e, de outro, de sua proposta metodológica, de vez que assentada em uma concepção instrumental das mídias interativas. Ao lançar mão das novas tecnologias como meio de formação em massa, o PEC acabou por transformar suas potencialidades em obrigatoriedades, promovendo massificação, padronização e mecanização do ensino. Todavia, as alunas-professoras, na condição de consumidoras astuciosas, apropriaram-se das mídias de formas diversas daquelas previstas pelo programa, adequando o uso das mesmas a suas próprias necessidades. Tais apropriações, como parte integrante e positiva de um processo de autoformação, não foram levadas em conta pelo programa, a despeito de sua proposta pedagógica colocar ênfase e adotar como um de seus princípios o valor da experiência prática dos docentes. / This work presents the results of an investigation concerning the uses of interactive media utilized in the PEC - Formação Universitária Municípios, a high education program for inservice primary teachers, which ended its activities in December 2004. The program is part of the current public policies in education that have encouraged the implementation of distance education methodology and the use of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in teacher education. A qualitative approach was taken, consisted of in loco observation, recorded interviews with the student-teachers and professionals who worked for the program, and gathering of printed, digitalized and recorded documents. The analyses are based on the concepts of use, consumption, strategies and tactics by Michel Certeau (1994), of appropriation by Roger Chartier (2001) and of technique by Piérre Lévy (1999). The focus of the study is the use of the ICT, with regard to three aspects: their potential use, their intended use and their actual use. The work starts with the assumption that the industrial distance education model is the core of the program and consider that, in such model, the teaching and learning relate to each other in a productive consumptive (not necessarily passive) manner. It was taking into account that the current public policies emphasize the role of the new media and technologies as a means as well as an end of the in-service education. With that in mind, the work aims at making a critical analysis of both the discourse of those who support the use of ICT in education as a means of inclusion of teachers and pupils in the so called Society of Information and of those who underline the brand new contribution of distance education based on its interaction and interactivity characteristics. The analyses mad explicit the various ambiguities of the program due, in part, to the complexity of its proposal that involved different institutions and levels of decisions, and also to the employed methodology based on an instrumentalist concept of the interactive media. Making use of the technologies as a means of mass education, the PEC ended to transforming the potential uses of the new technologies in mandatory ones, which resulted in mass use, standardization and mechanization of the education. Nevertheless, the student-teachers, as clever consumers, appropriated of the media in ways that were not anticipated by the program, tailoring them to their own necessities. In spite of having as pedagogical principle the value of the practical experiences, such appropriations were not appreciated by the program as being an essential part of the teacher?s self-education.

Esta dissertação, resultado de uma pesquisa etnográfica realizada em determinada escola municipal da cidade de São Paulo, trata de contextos e situações de formação contínua de professores com o uso de tecnologias de comunicação e informação. Para o levantamento de dados, além de observações focais foram utilizados registros oficiais feitos pelos professores em horário coletivo e entrevistas a oito professoras da referida unidade escolar, a fim de orientar uma discussão para saber como ocorre (e se ocorre) a incorporação de tecnologias pelos professores e a relação disto com a sua formação contínua; analisar se esta incorporação é desencadeada por interesse próprio dos professores; e verificar quais são as possibilidades de formação mediante o uso destas tecnologias. Para orientar a análise dos dados coletados foram utilizados alguns conceitos fundamentais, quais sejam: contextos, situações e formação contínua de professores, inclusive no caso específico do uso de tecnologias de comunicação e informação. A formação contínua é entendida a partir dos conceitos de professor reflexivo e de professor pesquisador, sendo estes fundamentados em metáforas com origens no fenômeno da desregulação da Educação. Percebeu-se, neste trabalho, uma possibilidade metodológica para a proposição de situações didáticas de formação de professores em contextos semelhantes. / This research work is the result of an ethnographic study at a Municipal School in the city of São Paulo. It is about inservice teacher education\'s contexts and situations using Communication and Information Technologies. For the data analyses, added to focal observations , it was examined some official registries done by teachers during the joint hours and interviews with eight teachers from the same school. The idea was to discuss how the technology is incorporated by the teachers, how this happened (if this happened) and also how this is linked to their inservice education; to analyze if the technology integration is developed because of the teachers interest and to verify the possibilities of education by using those technologies. The data analysis was guided by some concepts such as: contexts, situations and inservice teacher education, including inservice teacher education using communication and information technologies. The inservice education is understood according to reflective teacher and research-teacher concepts. Those concepts are based on metaphors that have its origins in the deregulation of education phenomenon. In this research work, it was developed a methodological possibility to didactic situations for inservice teacher education in similar contexts.

Esta dissertação, resultado de uma pesquisa etnográfica realizada em determinada escola municipal da cidade de São Paulo, trata de contextos e situações de formação contínua de professores com o uso de tecnologias de comunicação e informação. Para o levantamento de dados, além de observações focais foram utilizados registros oficiais feitos pelos professores em horário coletivo e entrevistas a oito professoras da referida unidade escolar, a fim de orientar uma discussão para saber como ocorre (e se ocorre) a incorporação de tecnologias pelos professores e a relação disto com a sua formação contínua; analisar se esta incorporação é desencadeada por interesse próprio dos professores; e verificar quais são as possibilidades de formação mediante o uso destas tecnologias. Para orientar a análise dos dados coletados foram utilizados alguns conceitos fundamentais, quais sejam: contextos, situações e formação contínua de professores, inclusive no caso específico do uso de tecnologias de comunicação e informação. A formação contínua é entendida a partir dos conceitos de professor reflexivo e de professor pesquisador, sendo estes fundamentados em metáforas com origens no fenômeno da desregulação da Educação. Percebeu-se, neste trabalho, uma possibilidade metodológica para a proposição de situações didáticas de formação de professores em contextos semelhantes. / This research work is the result of an ethnographic study at a Municipal School in the city of São Paulo. It is about inservice teacher education\'s contexts and situations using Communication and Information Technologies. For the data analyses, added to focal observations , it was examined some official registries done by teachers during the joint hours and interviews with eight teachers from the same school. The idea was to discuss how the technology is incorporated by the teachers, how this happened (if this happened) and also how this is linked to their inservice education; to analyze if the technology integration is developed because of the teachers interest and to verify the possibilities of education by using those technologies. The data analysis was guided by some concepts such as: contexts, situations and inservice teacher education, including inservice teacher education using communication and information technologies. The inservice education is understood according to reflective teacher and research-teacher concepts. Those concepts are based on metaphors that have its origins in the deregulation of education phenomenon. In this research work, it was developed a methodological possibility to didactic situations for inservice teacher education in similar contexts.

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