Este trabalho propõe diretrizes para avaliar sistemas de gestão de poka-yokes (SGPK). As diretrizes foram desenvolvidas após revisão da literatura e estudos de caso destinados à identificação de boas práticas em organizações do ramo metalúrgico, metal-mecânico e automotivo. Em seguida, as diretrizes foram refinadas por meio de um estudo de caso no qual elas foram aplicadas para a avaliação de sete sistemas poka-yokes em uma empresa que utiliza práticas de produção enxuta (PE). As diretrizes propõem que os poka-yokes sejam avaliados com base em um conjunto de categorias (viabilidade econômica, gestão visual, manutenção, projeto e operação, estabilidade da produção e controle de qualidade), que são desdobradas em trinta características passíveis de avaliação. A aplicação das diretrizes no estudo de caso permitiu concluir que: (a) alguns dispositivos entendidos pelas empresas como poka-yoke podem estar distantes dos atributos necessários para caracterizar os mesmos como sistemas poka-yokes; (b) o avaliador precisa ter conhecimento técnico do processo em que o poka-yoke está instalado; (c) as diretrizes propostas podem ser utilizadas como subsídio para o desenvolvimento de novos sistemas poka-yokes; (d) a aplicação das diretrizes tende a ser mais útil para empresas que tem iniciativas de PE implementadas, visto que estas têm ênfase na redução de perdas e, se possuírem mapas de fluxo de valor, podem visualizar o impacto sistêmico de poka-yokes instalados em operações específicas. / This study presents guidelines to evaluate a management poka-yoke system. A literature review and the best practices review in organizations of branch metallurgy, metalworking and automotive preceded the development of the guidelines. Also, a case study was carried out with seven poka-yoke systems to validate the guidelines development in a company that uses lean production practices. The guidelines propose that poka-yoke systems be evaluated on a set of categories (economic viability, visual management, maintenance, design and operation, production stability and quality control), that are unfolded in 30 features capable of evaluation. The application of guidelines in the case study allowed to conclude that: (a) some devices understood by companies as poka-yoke may be far from the attributes necessary to feature then as poka-yoke systems; (b) the evaluator needs to have technical knowledge about the process where the poka-yoke is installed; (c) the guidelines proposed can be used as allowance for the development of new poka-yoke systems; (d) the application of the guidelines tends to be more useful for companies that have lean production initiatives implemented, because they develop efforts to combat wastes and, if they have value stream maps, they can see the systemic impact by poka-yoke systems in specifics operations.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-10T14:23:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-13. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-12-10T14:30:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000851407.pdf: 349620 bytes, checksum: c4f28202679e08ad9ffcf30801ef536a (MD5) / Foi estimada a prevalência estadual da brucelose bovina em abatedouros nos diferentes níveis de inspeção sanitária no Estado de São Paulo após a implantação do Programa Nacional de Controle e Erradicação da Brucelose e Tuberculose (PNCEBT), instituído em 2001. Para tanto, foram amostrados 1.490 bovinos em nove frigoríficos distribuídos em diferentes regiões do estado, dos quais três com inspeção federal (SIF), três com inspeção estadual (SISP) e três com inspeção municipal (SIM). Os soros foram analisados pelas provas do antígeno acidificado tamponado (AAT), e os reagentes foram confirmados pela reação de fixação de complemento (RFC). As prevalências obtidas por meio da RFC e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança, nos diferentes serviços de fiscalização, foram 0,40% [0,00% - 0,95%] (SIF), 2,00% [0,77% - 3,23%] (SISP) e 4,29% [2,67% - 6,48%] IC95% (SIM) e no estado foi estimada em 2,21% [1,47% - 2,96%]. Com os resultados obtidos, foi possível discutir a situação da brucelose bovina no Estado de São Paulo bem como o risco à saúde a que os trabalhadores de abatedouros estão expostos e a diferença entre os sistemas de inspeção vigentes no país. Concluiu-se que a soroprevalência da brucelose bovina no Estado de São Paulo permaneceu estável. Sugere-se que a adoção de novas medidas para complementar o PNCEBT poderiam acelerar o controle e a posterior erradicação da enfermidade; e que o aumento da fiscalização nos abatedouros de inspeção estadual e municipal acrescido de vigilância ativa nesses pontos poderia auxiliar no combate à doença / This study estimated the prevalence of bovine brucellosis in state of São Paulo as well as the prevalence in slaughterhouses with different levels of sanitary inspection in the same state after the implementation of the National Program for the Control and Eradication of Brucellosis and Tuberculosis (PNCEBT) established in 2001. Were sampled 1,490 animals in nine slaughterhouses distributed in different regions of the state, three with federal inspection (FI), three with state inspection (SI), and three with municipal inspection (MI). Sera were analyzed by Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and reaction of complement fixation test (CFT). The prevalence obtained through CFT in different inspection services were, 0.40% [0.00% - 0.95%] (FI), 2.00% [0.77% - 3.23%] (SI) e 4.29% [2.67% - 6.48%] IC95% (MI) and the state prevalence was estimated at 2.21% [1.47% - 2.96%]. With the results obtained, it was possible to evaluate the situation of the bovine brucellosis in state of São Paulo as well as the risk to public health that workers are exposed in slaughterhouses and the difference between the current inspection systems in the country . It was concluded that the seroprevalence of brucellosis in the state of São Paulo remained stable, and the adoption of new measures to enhance the PNCEBT could acelerate the control and eventual eradication of the disease. In addition, we also conclude that the increased surveillance in slaughterhouses with state and municipal inspection attached to surveillance at these points could assist in combating of disease

Submitted by EDNEA FREITAS PORTILHO null (edneaportilho@hotmail.com) on 2016-02-29T20:21:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 total_tese pdf.pdf: 3123535 bytes, checksum: 5e423abcc9b636c6fa5e7443987c0078 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-03-01T13:29:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 portilho_ef_dr_jabo.pdf: 3123535 bytes, checksum: 5e423abcc9b636c6fa5e7443987c0078 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-01T13:29:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 portilho_ef_dr_jabo.pdf: 3123535 bytes, checksum: 5e423abcc9b636c6fa5e7443987c0078 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-04 / A segurança alimentar é um assunto que tem sido debatido em todo o mundo, sendo de responsabilidade de todos envolvidos na cadeia produtiva, desde os agricultores, produtores, transportadores, fabricantes, manipuladores, o Estado, e, todas suas esferas governamentais, e os consumidores. Com esse conceito e com a necessidade da descentralização na esfera governamental dos serviços de inspeção para um melhor controle higiênico-sanitário dos estabelecimentos produtores de alimentos de origem animal, assim, sendo, o Serviço de Inspeção Municipal (SIM) é responsável por controlar a qualidade dos produtos de origem animal comercializados no município, e combater a clandestinidade, com isso diminuir os riscos de agravos à saúde transmitidos por microrganismos patogênicos veiculados através destes alimentos. Sendo Rio Verde, GO, o primeiro município goiano a implantar o Serviço de Inspeção Municipal no estado, o presente trabalho realizou um diagnóstico da implantação do SIM no município e da incidência de microrganismos patogênicos em produtos cárneos produzidos no município (quibe e cortes de frango temperado). Concluindo que o serviço de inspeção se encontra em fase de implantação apresentando falhas e necessidades de adequações técnicas, como adequação na legislação vigente à realidade do município, definir padrões e regimentar a profissão do responsável técnico, realizar fiscalizações com maior rigor nas áreas de manipulação e sobre os manipuladores. No diagnóstico de microrganismos patogênicos, foram encontradas prevalências inaceitáveis de Salmonella spp., Bacillus cereus e Listeria spp., comprovando as falhas presentes na manipulação, uma má aplicação dos Manuais de Boas Práticas de Fabricação, demostrando a necessidade de um maior compromisso por parte dos estabelecimentos e responsáveis técnicos com a saúde pública, de se responsabilizarem por mudanças necessárias para a diminuição dos riscos de agravos à saúde da população. / Food safety is an issue that has been debated worldwide, being the responsibility of all involved in the production chain, from farmers, producers, carriers, manufacturers, handlers, the state, and all its spheres of government, and consumers . With this concept and the need for decentralization in the government sphere of inspection services for a better hygienic and sanitary control of establishments producing food of animal origin, thus being the Municipal Inspection Service (SIM) is responsible for controlling the quality of animal products marketed in the city, and combat illegal immigration, thereby decreasing the risk of health problems transmitted by pathogenic microorganisms conveyed by these foods. And Rio Verde Go, the first municipality Goias to implement the Municipal Inspection Service in the state, this paper carried out a diagnosis of SIM deployment in the city and the incidence of pathogens in meat products produced in the municipality (kebab and seasoned chicken cuts ). Concluding that the inspection service is under implementation had shortcomings and needs of technical adaptations, such as adequacy in the current legislation the municipal reality, define standards and regiment the profession's technical manager, perform inspections more closely in the areas of handling and on the handlers. In the diagnosis of pathogenic microorganisms, unacceptable prevalence of Salmonella spp. were found., Bacillus cereus and Listeria spp., Proving the flaws present in the handling, incorrect application of Good Manufacturing Practices Manuals, demonstrating the need for a greater commitment by establishments and technicians in charge of public health, to take responsibility for changes needed to reduce the risks of harm to health.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-11-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:55:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 buzi_ka_me_bofmvz.pdf: 312188 bytes, checksum: dc8abb2b8c6363a59f058f66fdc27742 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho visou avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de queijos mussarela elaborados a partir de leite de búfala, adquiridos do comércio varejista, assim como, verificar a sua autenticidade, averiguando a possível presença de leite de vaca no produto. As análises microbiológicas compreenderam em contagem de coliformes totais e E. coli, contagem de Staphylococcus coagulase-positiva e pesquisa de Salmonella spp.; enquanto que, para a determinação da pureza das mussarelas, a técnica utilizada foi a eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida. Com base nos resultados obtidos na avaliação microbiológica, pode-se afirmar que 98% das amostras estão dentro dos padrões microbiológicos legais vigentes, embora algumas delas tenham apresentado valores para coliformes totais entre 103-106 UFC/g, indicando provavelmente condições inadequadas de higiene durante a fabricação dos queijos. Entretanto, 2% das amostras encontram-se em desacordo com a legislação, uma vez que apresentaram populações de coliformes fecais acima do permitido, como resultado de uma alta contaminação por E. coli. Mediante a caracterização eletroforética, detectou-se a presença de leite de vaca em 22% das amostras, adicionado, provavelmente, de forma intencional. / This study evaluated the microbiological of mozzarella cheese made from buffalo milk bought in retail outlets and validated their authenticity by checking the product for the possible presence of cow milk. Microbiological analysis included counts of E. coli, total coliform, positive coagulase Staphylococcus, and Salmonella spp. For the determination of mozzarella purity, we used polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Based on the results of the microbiological evaluation, we can state that 98% of samples are within the legal microbiological standards, although some have shown values of total coliforms between 103-106 UFC/g, which indicates poor conditions and hygiene during cheese manufacture. However 2% of samples showed fecal coliform populations outside the legal limits as a result of a high E. coli contamination. Electrophoresis detected cow milk in 22% of the samples which was probably added intentionally.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-08-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:42:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 siqueira_jl_dr_botfca.pdf: 1502700 bytes, checksum: 1d3a462ce07320745538f36861327089 (MD5) / Os objetivos deste trabalho foram analisar os erros dos métodos usuais de calibração dos pulverizadores e quantificar o impacto econômico de problemas detectados na inspeção periódica de pulverizadores nas principais regiões produtoras de grãos no Brasil. A base do trabalho envolveu uma coleta de dados nos moldes do projeto IPP (Inspeção Periódica de Pulverizadores), englobando estudos dos equipamentos de pulverização de propriedades rurais nos Estados do Paraná (PR), Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) e Mato Grosso (MT). De posse da base de dados foram desenvolvidos modelos de simulação para avaliação dos métodos de calibração, estimativa de erros e dos prejuízos causados pelos mesmos. Os resultados mostraram que todas as máquinas apresentaram falhas de manutenção e calibração, com destaques para problemas no estado e conservação das pontas de pulverização. No MT 82,4% das pontas de pulverização encontravam-se inadequadas para o uso, seguido de PR com 72,5%, MS com 62,5% e RS 59,3%. Os erros na taxa de aplicação foram significativos, com valores de 70,6% para o PR, 60,2% para o RS, 37,5% para o MS e 61,8% para o MT. No que se refere ao método de calibração, o módulo dos erros médios de leitura do copo calibrador variaram de 1,8% (RS) a 2,7% (PR), enquanto o módulo dos erros médios de calibração do sensor de fluxo dos computadores variou de 5,3% (RS) a 8,8% (MT). A maior freqüência de prejuízos devido a erros de calibração da taxa de aplicação ficou na faixa de R$ 4.000,00 por ano por pulverizador. Entretanto, os fatores ligados a calibração geraram perdas maiores que R$ 10.000,00 por pulverizador por ano em alguns casos. Os problemas de manutenção também causam prejuízos, com grande freqüência de valores até R$ 4.000,00 por ano por pulverizador. De acordo com os resultados obtidos nas coletas de dados e nas simulações... / The aim of this study was to analyze errors on the sprayer calibration process and to quantify the economic impact of problems detected on periodic inspection of crop sprayers on the main soybean production regions in Brazil. This work was based on the IPP Project (Periodic Inspection of Sprayers) with focus on sprayers used on the States of Paraná (PR), Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) e Mato Grosso (MT). After the data collection process, some models were developed in order to analyze the calibration methods and the economic losses related to it. The results showed that all the sprayers presented failures, with emphasis on nozzle problems (82.4% on MT, 72.5% on PR, 62.5% on MS and 59.3% on RS). The frequency of errors on spray volume calibration were 70.6% on PR, 60.2% on RS, 37.5% on MS and 61,8% on MT. On the calibration process, the absolute mean errors on using the measuring cylinder range were 1.8% (RS) to 2.7% (PR), while the absolute mean errors for the calibration of the flow sensor range were 5.3% (RS) to 8,8% (MT). The higher frequency of economic losses related to the calibration process was within R$ 4,000.00 per year per sprayer. However, this value was found higher that R$ 10,000.00 per year per sprayer in some cases. Problems related to maintenance caused losses frequently up to R$ 4,000.00 per year per sprayer. Based on the data collected and the simulation using the models it was concluded that the calibration process based on the measuring cylinder present errors both related to the visual use of it the and the variability of nozzle flow along the boom. The calibration of the sprayers with electronic control showed errors above to those found on the measuring cylinder calibration process and this may be due to a chain of errors that should be further studied. As a general view the calibration process based on the measuring cylinder shower errors that... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-09T12:28:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-07-30Bitstream added on 2015-04-09T12:47:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000816242.pdf: 881857 bytes, checksum: 49da12a74c98baff1b342bd8805c5ac7 (MD5) / Considerando a importância da inspeção sanitária dos produtos de origem animal, a responsabilidade constitucional delegada ao Estado e as freqüentes mudanças econômicas e legislativas deste setor, objetivou-se a realização de um diagnóstico de situação do Serviço de Inspeção de São Paulo – SISP, propondo-se a realização de uma análise retrospectiva do seu período inicial até os dias atuais e, ao mesmo tempo, explorando possíveis tendências desse serviço de modo a auxiliar no planejamento de ações e demandas futuras desse importante estado da federação. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida através de um processo analítico de um conjunto de documentos pertencentes à inspeção sanitária obtidos no Centro de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal - CIPOA e na unidade gerencial de recursos humanos da Coordenadoria de Defesa Agropecuária – CDA. Os resultados evidenciaram que as políticas de descentralização econômica sofridas pelo Estado de São Paulo na década de 90 e as normativas técnicas relativas à produção de alimentos publicadas nas esferas federais e estaduais no período correspondente à pesquisa influenciaram diretamente no processo de estruturação e dimensionamentos do serviço de inspeção estadual. Os levantamentos dos desafios técnicos e sanitários, como o índice de 1,36% de prevalência de cisticercose no ano de 2011 em bovinos abatidos nos estabelecimentos estaduais e as análises de Drip Test dentro do padrão legal em carcaças congeladas de frango oriundas das indústrias estaduais, demonstram que, apesar de apresentar números satisfatórios, podem significar também que há existência de falhas na capitação de dados oficiais. Novas determinações legais como as Boas Práticas de Fabricação não se encontram devidamente implantadas nos estabelecimentos registrados sugerindo a necessidade de mais efetiva ação fiscal por parte do serviço de inspeção, com treinamentos ... / Considering the importance of sanitary inspection of animal products , the constitutional responsibility delegated to the State and the frequent economic and legislative changes in this sector , aimed to the realization of a diagnosis of the situation Inspection Service Sao Paulo - SISP , proposing is conducting a retrospective analysis of his early period to the present day and , while exploring possible trends that in order to assist in planning future actions and demands of this important state of the federation service. The survey was developed through an analytical process of a set of documents belonging to sanitary inspection obtained in Inspection Center for Animal Products - CIPOA and managerial human resources unit of the Coordination of Agricultural Defense - CDA . The results showed that the economic policies of decentralization suffered by the State of São Paulo in the 90s and normative techniques for the production of published in the federal and state levels in the corresponding period of research directly influenced foods in the design and sizing of the service process state inspection. The surveys of technical and health challenges, like the index of 1.36% of cysticercosis' prevalence in 2011 in cattle slaughtered in state stores and analyzes Drip Test within the legal standard in frozen chicken carcasses originating from state industries, show that may have faults in the capture of official data despite the satisfactory numbers. New legal requirements such as Good Manufacturing Practices are not properly implemented in registered establishments indicates the need for more effective action by the tax inspection service with specific training to analyze and check the manual for your staff . The results showed a need for an update on legislation specifies the service because the current state technical regulations have become outdated before preconizações approaches and the food industry . For a perceptive next ...

As ações de Inspeção Predial em edificações verticais dentro do período de garantia legal são procedimentos essenciais dentro da Engenharia Diagnóstica. Fundamentados nestes procedimentos pode-se identificar precocemente danos que reduzem a vida útil dos subsistemas construtivos, bem como planejar e monitorar ações e planos de manutenções, proporcionando maior funcionalidade e segurança da edificação, garantindo a maximização dos prazos de garantia legais dos seus subsistemas construtivos. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor um roteiro para o processo de inspeção, permitindo que este seja utilizado por profissionais das diversas modalidades da Engenharia e Arquitetura, Peritos, etc., devidamente qualificados para a realização da inspeção predial, bem como Administradores de Condomínios, Sindicatos de Habitação, Síndicos, proporcionando assim uma padronização no processo de inspeção destas edificações, facilitando a identificação das não conformidades bem como a tempestividade da notificação destas ao construtor, através da elaboração de um roteiro com as etapas de inspeção de cada subsistema com seus respectivos prazos de manutenção. Este trabalho fornecerá subsídios para implantação de procedimentos que deverão se tornar rotina aos administradores das edificações recentemente construídas, minimizando as manifestações patológicas através do diagnóstico precoce, prolongando a vida útil dos subsistemas e gerando uma melhor relação de convivência entre condomínios e construtoras. / The Building Inspection actions in vertical buildings within the legal warranty period are essential procedures within the Diagnostic Engineering. Based on these procedures can identify early damage to reduce the service life of the building subsystems, as well as planning and monitoring actions and maintenance plans, providing greater functionality and security of the building, ensuring the maximization of the legal warranty periods of the constructive subsystems.The objective of this paper is to propose a roadmap for the inspection process, allowing it to be used by professionals from various forms of Engineering and Architecture, experts, etc., suitably qualified to carry out the building inspection and Condominium Managers, Unions Housing, Liquidators, thus providing standardization in these buildings inspection process, facilitating the identification of non-compliance as well as the timing of the notification of these to the constructor, by drawing up a road map with the inspection steps of each subsystem with their respective deadlines maintenance. This work will provide subsidies for the implementation of procedures to become routine for administrators of the buildings recently built, minimizing the pathological manifestations through early diagnosis, prolonging the useful life of the subsystem and generating a better relationship of coexistence between condominiums and builders.

abstract: Dimensional Metrology is the branch of science that determines length, angular, and geometric relationships within manufactured parts and compares them with required tolerances. The measurements can be made using either manual methods or sampled coordinate metrology (Coordinate measuring machines). Manual measurement methods have been in practice for a long time and are well accepted in the industry, but are slow for the present day manufacturing. On the other hand CMMs are relatively fast, but these methods are not well established yet. The major problem that needs to be addressed is the type of feature fitting algorithm used for evaluating tolerances. In a CMM the use of different feature fitting algorithms on a feature gives different values, and there is no standard that describes the type of feature fitting algorithm to be used for a specific tolerance. Our research is focused on identifying the feature fitting algorithm that is best used for each type of tolerance. Each algorithm is identified as the one to best represent the interpretation of geometric control as defined by the ASME Y14.5 standard and on the manual methods used for the measurement of a specific tolerance type. Using these algorithms normative procedures for CMMs are proposed for verifying tolerances. The proposed normative procedures are implemented as software. Then the procedures are verified by comparing the results from software with that of manual measurements. To aid this research a library of feature fitting algorithms is developed in parallel. The library consists of least squares, Chebyshev and one sided fits applied on the features of line, plane, circle and cylinder. The proposed normative procedures are useful for evaluating tolerances in CMMs. The results evaluated will be in accordance to the standard. The ambiguity in choosing the algorithms is prevented. The software developed can be used in quality control for inspection purposes. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Mechanical Engineering 2014

abstract: This dissertation contains a portfolio of papers in economics. The first paper, ``Vehicle Emissions Inspection Programs: Equality and Impact," presents the results of a study of the Arizona Vehicle Emissions Inspection Program. Using a unique data set, I find that the Arizona Vehicle Emissions Inspection Program is regressive in that it constrains the vehicle repair decisions of people on the low end of the income distribution more than those on the high end. I also find that the social cost of the program in Arizona is more than twice the social benefit, assuming a \$7 million value of statistical life. The second paper is ``Fiat Value in the Theory of Value." Because of advances in information processing technology, it is now technically feasible to have a currency-less monetary system. This paper explores one such system. In the model, prices are in units currency-less fiat money called fiat value, fiat value is a form of government debt, and the services of the stock of fiat value are a factor of production. In this system, the National accounts must be revised to account for money as a production factor, Friedman satiation is possible even with positive inflation, and various monetary policy regimes are explored. The third paper, ``Unconventional Monetary Policy in a Modern Paradigm of Money," uses the model developed in ``Fiat Value in the Theory of Value" to evaluate quantitative easing and interest on reserves policies as a response to liquidity shocks. I find that quantitative easing is an effective response to liquidity crises because it drives the marginal product of money to zero. When the marginal product of money is zero, the business sector does not have to pay to rent the services of money, a production factor that is free to create. I also show that a positive interest on reserve policy hampers the effectiveness of quantitative easing, and that quantitative easing does not cause a high inflation rate. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Economics 2017

L'apparence d'un produit joue un rôle important dans la perception de sa qualité par le client. Au-delà des fonctionnalités qu'il doit remplir, un produit doit désormais avoir un aspect irréprochable. Il n'y a cependant pas de surface parfaite car, à un niveau de grossissement donné, un écart par rapport à une surface idéale peut toujours être identifié. Pour détecter cet écart et évaluer son impact sur la qualité perçue du produit, les entreprises mettent généralement en place un contrôle visuel d'aspect de surface de leurs produits. Une première thèse a été réalisée au Laboratoire SYMME afin de proposer une méthodologie permettant de réduire la variabilité généralement observée sur les résultats de ce type de contrôle. Nos travaux se situent dans la continuité de ces travaux avec l'objectif de proposer des méthodes et des outils pour la maîtrise des trois étapes d'un contrôle visuel d'aspect : exploration, évaluation et décision. Le projet de thèse réalisé dans le cadre d'un programme européen de recherche INTERREG IV réunissait différentes Universités et Entreprises. Les pratiques des entreprises partenaires ont procurés un terrain d'expérimentation des recherches proposées. Partant de cette observation, nous avons proposé une conceptualisation du contrôle visuel humain débouchant sur des propositions de méthodes et outils adaptés aux trois étapes. Ces propositions ont été testées dans les entreprises partenaires pour vérifier leur robustesse à la variété des situations industriels. Nous avons par exemple proposé un nouveau test R2&E2 Conformité qui mesure la variabilité d'un contrôle visuel et contribue à l'identification des sources possibles de cette variabilité. Outre cette conceptualisation pour la création d'outils, nous listons un ensemble de recommandations à suivre par les entreprises pour une meilleure exploration des anomalies. Nous proposons également un ensemble d'attributs sensoriels permettant de caractériser, en vue de l'évaluer, toute anomalie d'aspect. Enfin, nous montrons comment, en formalisant le processus d'expertise, un contrôleur peut évaluer une anomalie d'aspect et juger de son impact sur la qualité perçue du produit. / The product appearance plays an important role in the perception of quality by the customer. Beyond the features that must be satisfied, now a product must have a flawless appearance. However, there is no perfect surface, because a given level of magnification, a deviation from an ideal surface can always be identified. To detect this deviation and assess its impact on perceived product quality, companies usually set up a visual inspection of the surface appearance of their products. A first PhD thesis was carried out at the Laboratoire SYMME to propose a methodology to reduce the variability generally observed on the results of this type of inspection. Our work is in the continuity of this thesis with the aim to propose methods and tools for the control of three stages of visual inspection of surface appearance: exploration, evaluation and decision. The thesis project carried out under of a European research program INTERREG IV brought together different Universities and Companies. The practices of corporate partners have brought a testing field for the proposed researches. Based on this observation, we proposed a conceptualization of human visual inspection leading to proposals for methods and tools adapted to the three stages. These proposals were tested in the partner companies to verify their robustness to a variety of industrial situations. For example, we proposed a new test R2&E2 Compliance which measures the variability of a visual inspection and helps to identify possible sources of this variability. In addition to this conceptualization for the development of tools, we list a set of recommendations to be followed by companies for a better exploration of anomalies. We also propose a set of sensory attributes to characterize, with a view to evaluate any anomaly appearance. Finally, we show how to formalize the expertise process, a controller can evaluate an anomaly appearance and judge its impact on the perceived quality of the product.