A pesquisa intenta verificar como se dá o itinerário de ascensão do conhecimento da verdade e das ciências, conforme a descrição apresentada no De libero arbítrio, com apoio nos paralelos constantes dos diálogos De ordine e De quantitate animae, compostos por Agostinho no período Cassicíaco-Roma (386-396 d.C). Tomando como referência a ascensão intelectual apresentada no livro II do De libero arbitrio, e tendo por base as noções de condução/guia e julgamento/instituição aplicadas à razão, verificamos como o itinerário da alma no conhecimento probatório da realidade divina apresenta, para além da escalada em subida hierarquizante do sensível até Deus, o conhecimento como o movimento de perfazimento da realidade conhecida em eternidade, dado que a razão assenta e está fundamentada na verdade eterna e imutável, e todo ato cognitivo é por ela conduzido/orientado e adjudicado/instituído, o que, em última instância, equivale a afirmar que a eternidade se perfaz na realidade conhecida, precisamente no átimo temporal do instante em que se reconhece qualquer conhecimento como verdadeiro. Para tanto, trata-se de verificar como, em cada nível do conhecimento em ascensão, o passo seguinte está suposto - na verdade o contém e perfaz, fundamentando-o - no anterior, de maneira que a etapa posterior, necessária e permanentemente, ratifica e adjudica a etapa anterior. E, assim como o instante, ao instituir a totalidade temporal, é figuração da eternidade2, o conhecimento em ascensão perfaz e figura a absolutidade na veracidade, através da percepção imediata e perenemente simultânea ao seu perfazimento da totalidade da ordenação harmoniosa e universal dos seres (De ordine); da funcionalidade do ato imaginativo presente na simultaneidade verificada entre as percepções sensível/concreta e interior/espiritual (De quantitate animae); bem como nos sobreditos atos de condução e julgamento efetuados no perfazimento do conhecimento universal (De líbero arbitrio) / This dissertation intends see the occurrence of the itinerary of souls ascension in the knowledge of truth and science, according to the description given in De libero arbitrio, with suport in the parallels lectures presents in the dialogues De ordine and De quantitate animae, composed in the Augustines Cassissiacum - Rome period (386-396 AD). Referring to intelectual ascension exposted in Book II of De libero arbitrio, and based on the notions of driving/guide and judgment/institution, in the rational way, we verified like the itinerary of the soul in probatory knowledge of divine reality shows, in addition to climbing \"hierarchical elevation\" of a sensibility to God, the knowledge of how the movement of factoring of reality known in eternity, as the reason rests and is founded on the eternal and unchangeable truth, and every cognitive act is driven/oriented and award/established by reason, which, ultimately, is equivalent to saying that eternity is known totals in this reality, precisely in the temporal instant that one recognizes any knowledge as true. For this purpose, it is to see how, at each level of knowledge on the rise, the next step is supposed to - actually contains and makes up reasons it - the previous, so that the subsequent necessary step and permanently, ratifies and awards the previous step. And just like the instant, by introducing the temporal totality, is like a previous or figuration of eternity, also knowledge and totals rising figure the absoluteness truthfulness through the immediate perception - and its perennially simultaneous factoring - the totality of universal and harmonious ordering of beings (De ordine); the functionality of the imaginative act in this concomitance observed between sensitives perceptions and interiority (De quantitate animae); as well as the aforesaid acts of conduct and judgment made in making of universal knowledge (De libero abitrio)

Vi ville med denna uppsats undersöka om instant messaging matchar de kommunikationsbehov som IT-anställda har. För att ta reda på detta använde vi oss av ett kvalitativt angreppssätt i form av intervjuer. Dessa intervjuer skapade även ytterligare kunskap vilken vi benämnt barriärer. En lista på IM-funktioner hämtades från Wikipedia och reviderades senare av oss. Kommunikationsbehoven identifierades under analysen av intervjuerna. Matchningen genererade en tabell som kan användas som karta över vilka IM-funktioner som tillgodoser några vanliga kommunikationsbehov som finns på datortäta arbetsplatser. Barriärerna är till för att visa vad som försvårar tillgodoseendet av behoven. Vidare erhöll vi även kunskap om att de av oss identifierade kommunikationsbehov som i dagsläget inte tillgodoses av IM inte heller behöver göra det. Vi kom också fram till att IM skulle kunna utvecklas till att vara en brygga mellan annan kommunicerande programvara och kollegor.

Instant Messaging (IM) is becoming increasingly popular in social as well as workplace environments. In fact, many employees use the same IM client to communicate with both colleagues and social contacts. Thus, there are valid concerns about the impact of IM on employee productivity. One of the major advantages of IM over other workplace communication tools such as e-mail and the telephone is the implementation of presence information. In particular, presence awareness is used to determine the avail- ability and willingness of a contact to engage in communication. A current problem with IM is the one-for-all approach to presence: all contacts receive the same set of presence information. However, presence is rooted in social psychology where it is known that the awareness of another person changes the behavior of oneself. Therefore the identity of a contact affects the availability and willingness directed towards that contact. In order for presence information to be provided to contacts, it must be represented in some type of data format. The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has done much work in standardizing IM and presence systems. In particular their data format for presence describes a rich set of presence information including, but not limited to, location, activity, awareness, and mood information. Such information may be sensitive and access to it needs to be controlled to ensure privacy. As with access control policies, managing the information as the number of contacts increases becomes cumbersome and complex. This dissertation draws on the theoretical foundations of presence, current standards in the domain of IM, and lessons from access control to present an enhanced presence handling model for IM. The model is developed in stages, with each stage providing a specific improvement. The first stage of the model is grounded on the current work of the IETF. As such it distributes presence on a per-watcher basis. In the second stage of the model watchers fulfill a specific role and based on this role they receive only the entrusted presence information. In practice, it implies that a "friend" may get more (or less) information than a "colleague". The third stage of the model introduces the concept of availability profiles by drawing on social awareness principles. Availability profiles add the ability to transform presence and change the presentity's behavior to incoming messages according to the provided presence information. Finally the dissertation reports on the development of the RoBIM (Role- Based Instant Messenger) prototype. RoBIM is a standards-based IM system that conforms to the IETF SIMPLE protocol and provides various standard IM features. Here, RoBIM serves as a proof-of-concept for the proposed model. This study contributed to the domain of IM and presence by addressing some of the current presence handling issues. Most importantly, the proposed model takes into account the interpersonal effects of individualizing presence information for different contacts. Thus, the model challenges conventional thought and implementation of presence in IM.

The following thesis aims to describe the transformation of telco operators' business strategy evoked by the growing popularity and usage of Internet services like WhatsApp, Skype and Netflix, also known as over-the-top services. The thesis provides comprehensive overview of transformations in the telecom industry that have been taking place globally, explaining the drivers that led to inception of free or cheaper Internet-based services, their business models. It then narrows down to the thorough analysis of the Czech market, capturing the implications that over-the-top services have on business strategy of the major Czech telco players. The analysis is strongly supported by industry reports, statistics and quantitative research. The primary research adds in telco customers' perspectives, usage and value perception of over-the-top services, as well as their satisfaction with respective telco services and their pricing. Derived findings identify major developments and trends in the Czech telco market; they also suggest compelling observations for related businesses.

This master thesis is focused on designing the client and the server part of an application for text and multimedia communication between its users. The design takes into account reusing of the components and making them easily embeddable into another application. The project consists of a detailed analysis of communication protocols used for this type of applications, a description of possibilities of the iOS platform and development on this platform. Finally, the implementation and its possible extensions are described.

Workshop "Netz- und Service-Infrastrukturen" Der Vortrag beleuchtete den Gedanken einer Instant-Messenger Infrastruktur für die Uni und den sich daraus ergebenden Möglichkeiten, Problemen sowie offenen Fragen.

The lack of physical communication cues, such as facial expressions, in text-only communication has prompted the creation of emoticons to represent feelings. Moreover, the emoticon has become a new “cultural” language adopted by a community of users who find emoticons useful for expressing an emotional state during their online communication. Using emoticons in computer-mediated communication (CMC), which includes any means of communication on the Internet, especially instant messaging (IM) programs, helps users convey and enhance the underlying emotional aspects of their communication facilitating user communication by providing non-verbal cues and clues to clarify a message. Although many researchers have studied the differences in the use of emoticons between males and females and different age groups and some even report cross-cultural differences and similarities between CMC and face-to-face (FTF) communication such research is not sufficient to understand the effective use of emoticons. The current research explores three categories of emoticons - textual, pictorial, and animated emoticons – to ask the broad question: Do North Americans and South Koreans use emoticons differently? The research examines the cross-cultural differences involved in using emoticons, focusing on the visual aspect of online communication that provides emotional cues to understand the differences in their use. Textual emoticons and pictorial emoticons of MSN messenger are used in this study's questionnaires. The results indicate the cross-cultural differences of emoticon use and recognition between North Americans and South Koreans.

A new class of fluorous materials was developed to create a hybrid solid-solution phase strategy for the expedient preparation of 125I-labelled compounds, without the need of HPLC purification. The system is referred to as a hybrid platform in that it combines solution phase labelling and fluorous solid-phase purification in one step as opposed to two separate individual processes. Initial success was achieved by treating fluorous stannanes, coated on fluorous silica, with [125I]NaI and chloramine-T (CAT) as the oxidant, where the desired nonfluorous radiolabelled products were isolated in minutes in biocompatible solutions in high purity (>98%) free from excess starting material and unreacted radioiodine. This platform was initially developed through a model system based on a fluorous benzoic acid derivative. The platform was then validated with simple aryl and heterocyclic derivatives, known radiopharmaceuticals including meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) and iododeoxyuridine (IUdR), and a new agent with high affinity for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). The limitation of the platform was the presence of non-radioactive UV impurities which came from the oxidants employed. To resolve this issue a new class of fluorous oxidants based on chloramine-T (CAT, F-CAT) were prepared. F-CAT, was prepared in 87% overall synthesis yield from commercially available starting materials and found to be effective in labelling arylstannanes and proteins with [125I]NaI. The utility of the oxidant was further demonstrated in successfully preparing a radioiodinated tetrazine (125I-Tz) through a concomitant oxidation-halodemetallation reaction. 125I-Tz can be used to label biomolecules through bioorthogonal coupling reactions with prosthetic groups containing strained alkenes including norbornene and trans-cyclooctene (TCO). The reported hybrid platform labelling approach is readily accessible and requires minimal radiochemistry expertise and should therefore find widespread use. It is also noteworthy that a second generation of the fluorous oxidant, F-CAT2, was also prepared with the aim of obtaining an oxidant which has a higher solubility in perfluorinated solvents. Application of F-CAT2 for oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulphur in a fluorous-aqueous biphasic system was demonstrated. This approach offers a new metal-free approach to scrubbing sour gas wells and demonstrates that the fluorous oxidants developed here have utility beyond radiochemistry. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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