The problem of this study was to determine the effectiveness of instant replay television as a method for teaching certain physical aspects of choral conducting to undergraduate college or university students majoring in music education.

A partir da leitura do livro Mínimos, Múltiplos e Comuns de João Gilberto Noll, este trabalho busca empreender um estudo sobre as relações entre a escrita do artista e tempo na figura dos instantes ficcionais, observando a questão do microrrelato e da exigência fragmentária (cf.P. Lacoue-Labarthe e Jean-Luc Nancy), na perspectiva do inacabado/unidade, o que projeta uma hipótese de conjunto constelar para a escrita de João Gilberto Noll. Inicialmente realiza-se uma reflexão de alguns temas importantes na fortuna crítica sobre o escritor, com a intenção de saber como estes reverberam na sua escrita para, em seguida, tratar do fragmento e suas perspectivas estéticas de inacabamento e de totalidade, com relação ao tempo e como dessas questões surge a metáfora crítica do instante ficcional. As leituras críticas usadas como operadores nortearam-se a partir das noções de fragmento (romântico), e de Acontecimento, relacionadas ao par conceitual Cronos/Aiôn deleuziano / Based on the reading of Mínimos, múltiplos e comuns, by João Gilberto Noll, this work seeks to undertake a study on the relationship between the artist writing and the time in the figure of "fictional instants, noting the issue of the micro-relate and the fragmentary requirement (cf.P. Lacoue-Labarthe and Jean-Luc Nancy), in the view of the unfinished / unit, which casts a whole constellate hypothesis on the writing of João Gilberto Noll. Initially, a reflection on some important topics that are recurrent in the critical fortune of the writer is carried out with the intention of finding out how they reverberate in his writings; then, the fragment and its aesthetics perspectives of incompleteness and wholeness are treated with respect to time; finally, it is observed how, from these issues, the critical metaphor of the fictional instant takes place. The critical readings used as operators have been guided by the notions of the fragment (romantic), and Event which is related to the conceptual pair Cronos / Aeon Deleuzian

A utilização da Internet cresceu amplamente nos últimos anos e tem propiciado o desenvolvimento de diversas ferramentas de comunicação via web. Têm se destacado, de maneira especial, as ferramentas que possibilitam a disponibilização online de conteúdos diversos, criados pelos próprios usuários, como as wikis. O sucesso obtido pelas wikis deve-se, em grande parte, à pequena quantidade de esforço necessário para a edição das páginas, indicando que esta característica é muito apreciada pelos usuários. Visando tornar o processo de edição de wikis ainda mais ágil, este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de como os mensageiros instantâneos podem auxiliar nesta tarefa. Assim, uma nova nova forma de interação no processo de edição de wikis, por meio de Mensageiro Instantâneo, foi projetada e implementada. Essa forma de interação proposta altera a forma de interação com wikis convencional, no sentido de possibilitar que o autor do conteúdo a ser editado na wiki não necessite mudar de seu ambiente de comunicação, que atualmente tem sido muito utilizado, o de troca de mensagens por meio do mensageiro instantâneo. Além disso, esta pesquisa possibilitou a identificação de diversas vantagens e desvantagens da utilização de bots de mensageiros instantâneos, encontradas na literatura, bem como durante os experimentos e estudos de caso realizados / The Internet usage has grown significantly in recent years and has fomented the development of several communication tools via web. Tools that make available the various online contents created by the users, such as wikis should be especially highlighted. The success achieved by wikis is due in large extent to the small amount of effort required to edit pages. This is an indicator that this feature is very appreciated by users. In order to make the editing process of wikis even faster, this work presents a proposal of using integrated Instant Messaging tools features with wikis. Thus, a new means of interaction in the process of editing in wikis, via Instant Messenger, was designed and implemented. This proposed means of interaction augments the way of interaction with conventional wikis, by enabling authors to edit the wiki content without having to shift from his/her communication environment in use. This proposal is supported by the fact that Instant Messaging systems have been widely used and adopted. Moreover, this research provides evidences to help the identification of advantages and disadvantages of the use of bots in Instant Messaging, from the results of the experiments and case studies conducted

Book Summary: The education and care of children under the age of eight has become one of the major focuses of attention in recent education research and policy-making around the world, and it is now widely recognised that investment in provision at this stage can be both cost effective and beneficial to the social fabric of communities. Approaches to education in nurseries, kindergartens and preschools have traditionally been significantly different from those that inform the teaching of older children but, until recently, these approaches have had little impact on education beyond early years settings. This wide-ranging collection of papers provides a valuable resource for scholars who need to ground their own study in wider historical and global discourses concerning the education of children under eight. Including both important historical sources and contemporary analysis of current issues, this fascinating set represents a broad variety of countries, cultures and traditions.

This study consists of qualitative interviews with 8 graduate students about the use of synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC), or instant message (IM), programs in their interpersonal relationships. Participants were interviewed twice, once via an instant message program and once in a face-to-face setting. They were asked about their frequency of use, their use of multi-tasking, and the types of conversations they have via IM. Results of the interviews are discussed, with a concentration on the paradoxical nature of IM communication as impersonal, but at the same time, conducive to personal disclosure and intimacy.

<p>There are few empirical studies about instant messaging, and the measurements used are somewhat diverse. The main purpose of this study was to investigate if depression and loneliness differed in relation to instant message habits among young adolescents. Special focus was also on motivation behind, and time spent on instantmessaging. The study was conducted using a self report questionnaire,using 3 factors for motivation and 8 items to measure time. The 365 participants were between ages 12 and 16. The study found that depression and loneliness differed in many ways depending on what measurement compared with. The conclusion drawn is that future studies have to use more precise measurements.</p> / <p>Det finns få empiriska studier om chattande och de mått som används varierar. Huvudsyftet med den här studien var att undersöka om depression och ensamhet skilde sig i relation till chatt-vanor blandunga tonåringar. Speciellt fokus låg också på motivation bakom och tid spenderad med chattande. Studien genomfördes med ensjälvrapports frågeformulär och använde tre faktorer för motivation och 8 <em>items </em>för att mäta tid. De 365 deltagarna var mellan åldrarna 12till 16. Studien fann att depression och ensamhet skiljde sig på mångasätt beroende på vad för mått man jämförde med. Slutsatsen som drasär att framtida studier måste använda mer precisa mått.</p>

Currently SMS is the most popular one for text messaging market, and the traffic of SMS was 5.9 trillion messages in 2011 which occupies 64.1% of the global text market. According to the research from Informa, the market share of SMS will down to 42.1% in 2016. At the same time, global mobile instant messaging traffic will increase from 1.6 trillion messages in 2011 to 7.7 trillion messages in 2016, doubling its share of global messaging traffic from 17.1% in 2011 to 34.6% in 2016. The number of IM users in 2011 reaches 2.6 billion and there are various kinds of instant messaging application available in market already. Each IM application tries to focus on the different features to differentiate from other competitors. Some IM applications are focusing on the computer users like MSN or Skype and others are focusing on the mobile device users like Whatsapp or Line. ChatInn provides a new way to help people to keep communication between different platforms. Whatsapp, one of the major competitors of IM service provider, after reaching 1m users by the end of 2009, Whatsapp’s downloads increased tenfold during 2010. The company does not reveal its current user numbers but analysts assume it is in the tens of millions. ChatInn is a web base instant messaging service which can work on the computers and the mobile devices. ChatInn’s goal is to provide a quick, simple and a safe way for person who wants a quick short meeting or chatting. Not like other IM applications, ChatInn doesn’t require the installation or the complicated registration to be able to use this service. For the new user, the only required information is the username and password, no other personal information is needed. To host or start a short meeting or chatting, the user only needs to send out the meeting url link which is generated by ChatInn to the target contact. The target contact could just simply click on the link from the computer or mobile device to enter the meeting or chatting. ChatInn also provides the app for mobile device users which allow the user could be always contacted online just like other IM apps. ChatInn is expected to reach 100K users in 6 months and more than 1 million users in the 3rd year of operation. Advertising will be the major profit center, and it highly depends on the size of user base. There will be net profit in the end of 2nd year and will generate net profit of 5.29M. When the active users keep growing steadily, ChatInn would start global marketing promotion as well in order to keep expending the business scale.

There are few empirical studies about instant messaging, and the measurements used are somewhat diverse. The main purpose of this study was to investigate if depression and loneliness differed in relation to instant message habits among young adolescents. Special focus was also on motivation behind, and time spent on instantmessaging. The study was conducted using a self report questionnaire,using 3 factors for motivation and 8 items to measure time. The 365 participants were between ages 12 and 16. The study found that depression and loneliness differed in many ways depending on what measurement compared with. The conclusion drawn is that future studies have to use more precise measurements. / Det finns få empiriska studier om chattande och de mått som används varierar. Huvudsyftet med den här studien var att undersöka om depression och ensamhet skilde sig i relation till chatt-vanor blandunga tonåringar. Speciellt fokus låg också på motivation bakom och tid spenderad med chattande. Studien genomfördes med ensjälvrapports frågeformulär och använde tre faktorer för motivation och 8 items för att mäta tid. De 365 deltagarna var mellan åldrarna 12till 16. Studien fann att depression och ensamhet skiljde sig på mångasätt beroende på vad för mått man jämförde med. Slutsatsen som drasär att framtida studier måste använda mer precisa mått.

Abstract Enabled by the development of information technologies, telecommuting and telework have been incorporated into organizations for around 30 years. However, there still exists resistance to this work arrangement, particularly from middle-level managers. Formal knowledge about how to manage telework is needed to keep the managers better informed. I conducted a qualitative exploratory study to investigate how managers exercise controls in the telework environment and examined the role of the use of information technologies in organizational controls in this work environment. Based on interview data with people from two work groups that participate in telework program, I found that the managers exercise a portfolio of controls that consist all four documented control forms (outcome, behavior, clan and self control), and controlling the employees’ adoption and use of information technologies is a new form of behavior control in the telework environment.

The thesis is aimed to propose a financial innovation called COCONUT payment system. This innovative payment system is based on a combination of the cash and electronic money, presented as an ATM-like machine for purchase and payment execution, and operated via an electronic account, which allows its users to operate as a credit cards owner. This study commences with a review of the current major payment systems in the United States, followed by an analysis of the strength and weakness of these systems, and then proposes a payment system that combines the most popular two: cash and credit card with a healthier mechanism on financial control to both avoid the recurrence of financial crisis caused by credit crush and keep the current benefits. The COCOCNUT system can be applied not onbly to the market of the USA, but BRIC, developing and under seveloped countries’ market, those regions where cash remains the major payment way. As for the feasibility and the probability of promoting and applying this new system to replace the current systems or to implement in the new markets, the proposed COCONUT payment system, takes into consideration the differences of markets and regional regulations. The COCONUT project also provides trial calculations of its value proposition from the perspective of the project realization.