No

EU is an organization that has expanded really fast during the last years. When you read about different EU membership processes you notice that some processes have been much faster than others. Spontaneously you think that this depends om that some countries have not been fulfilling the Copenhagen criteria. However, during the last decennium some scientists have written articles about motives that have affected the membership processes. The basic problem in my essay is how we are supposed to understand a membership process? Since I was interested in if I could see the same inconsistent behavior pattern in other membership processes I chose to study Turkey and Croatia. The purpose with my essay is to see how the Copenhagen criteria is or has been used in Turkey's and Croatia's processes and which motives that have been emphasized by scientists. After I have been reading official documents and articles I can conclude that both countries fulfill the political and economic criteria, but it is only Croatia that fulfills the administrative criteria. However, both countries have received critique about their treatments of minorities during the whole processes. According to scientists, security and identity have been strong motives in both countries' processes. When I have analyzed my material from an institutional perspective I can also conclude that EU's enlargement policy has affected the both countries' behavior and development. On the other hand, EU's enlargement policy has been affected by the context both within and outside the organization. Besides the policy has not seem to change the memberstates' preferences, which has resulted in that single memberstates have been acting on their own benefits.

Lots of literature discusses IS/IT adoption or diffusion. However, few studies focus on the initiation stage of organizational innovation process. The entrance of organizational innovations issues into agenda represents legitimation and it influences further organizational action. Therefore, this study empirically testified the factors affecting organizational discussion frequency of knowledge management project issues, controlling for the size of knowledge management scope definition. The results showed that the characateristics of knowledge management project issues and the existence of sponsors had significant impact on the issue discussion frequency about knowledge management. However, the institutional pressures did not demonstrate significant impact on the issue discussion frequency or show great influence on the issue characteristics. Neither did the organizational strategy demonstrate its impact on knowledge management project issues. Theoretically, this study is built based on perspectives of agenda building and institutional perspective, and provides more complete model to explain the discussion of organizational innovation issues. For practical knowledge management proponents who attempt to initiate knowledge management in organizations, they need to understand how knowledge management issue is placed into agenda for organizational legitimating.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:31:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 zandonato_zl_me_prud.pdf: 401707 bytes, checksum: 1a20aed4c79762688493f864c56d1491 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A pesquisa investigou as diferentes visões de alguns autores relativas à indisciplina e violência e analisou as ligações entre indisciplina escolar e relações professor-aluno. A discussão sobre indisciplina escolar e relações professor-aluno se deu sob duas perspectivas: a moral e a institucional. A perspectiva moral foi focalizada a partir do referencial piagetiano sobre a teoria do desenvolvimento moral e a perspectiva institucional foi enfocada a partir de autores como Aquino e Guirado. Apresentamos a investigação realizada durante cinco sessões de observações em três classes de terceiras séries do Ciclo I do Ensino Fundamental de três escolas municipais de Presidente Prudente. Além das observações, aplicamos um questionário a três alunos de cada classe e às três professoras das respectivas classes. Os dados obtidos foram tabulados e descritos, de acordo com sua propriedade. Estes mesmos dados foram examinados e discutidos posteriormente tendo como referência as duas perspectivas propostas para análise. As três escolas investigadas chamadas de Escola 1, de Escola 2 e de Escola 3 apresentaram características diferentes com referência às relações professor-aluno. Na Escola 1 encontramos relações marcadas pelo respeito unilateral, onde a professora mantinha uma postura autoritária em que buscava cumprir o papel de transmissora de conteúdos científicos e morais. Na Escola 2 observamos um ambiente em estado de anomia, onde não pôde ser percebida a responsabilização por papéis institucionais ou de referência moral, a não ser em atitudes pontuais como o uso mecânico de frases de cunho reflexivo. Na Escola 3 encontramos um ambiente em que as influências externas parecem determinar as relações inter pessoais, inclusive entre professor-aluno e retrata a descrença do professor no poder transformador da educação escolar... / The research investigated the different views of some authors regarding to the indiscipline and violence and analyzed the link between school indiscipline and relationships teacher-student occured under two perspectives: the morals and the institutional. The moral perspective was focused on the piagetiana theory about the moral development and the institutional perspective was focused on authors as Aquino and Guirado. We present the investigation that took place in five sessions of observations in three classes of third grade in Cycle I of Fundamental teaching in three municipal schools of Presidente Prudente. Besides these observation, we applied a questionnaire to three students of each observed class and to three teachers of the respective classes. The obtained dates were tabulated and described, according to its property. These same dates we analyzed and talked over under the reference of the two perspectives proposed. The three investigated schools called: School 1, School 2 and School...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Orientador: Maria Suzana de Stefano Menin / Resumo: A pesquisa investigou as diferentes visões de alguns autores relativas à indisciplina e violência e analisou as ligações entre indisciplina escolar e relações professor-aluno. A discussão sobre indisciplina escolar e relações professor-aluno se deu sob duas perspectivas: a moral e a institucional. A perspectiva moral foi focalizada a partir do referencial piagetiano sobre a teoria do desenvolvimento moral e a perspectiva institucional foi enfocada a partir de autores como Aquino e Guirado. Apresentamos a investigação realizada durante cinco sessões de observações em três classes de terceiras séries do Ciclo I do Ensino Fundamental de três escolas municipais de Presidente Prudente. Além das observações, aplicamos um questionário a três alunos de cada classe e às três professoras das respectivas classes. Os dados obtidos foram tabulados e descritos, de acordo com sua propriedade. Estes mesmos dados foram examinados e discutidos posteriormente tendo como referência as duas perspectivas propostas para análise. As três escolas investigadas chamadas de Escola 1, de Escola 2 e de Escola 3 apresentaram características diferentes com referência às relações professor-aluno. Na Escola 1 encontramos relações marcadas pelo respeito unilateral, onde a professora mantinha uma postura autoritária em que buscava cumprir o papel de transmissora de conteúdos científicos e morais. Na Escola 2 observamos um ambiente em estado de anomia, onde não pôde ser percebida a responsabilização por papéis institucionais ou de referência moral, a não ser em atitudes pontuais como o uso mecânico de frases de cunho reflexivo. Na Escola 3 encontramos um ambiente em que as influências externas parecem determinar as relações inter pessoais, inclusive entre professor-aluno e retrata a descrença do professor no poder transformador da educação escolar...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletronico abaixo) / Abstract: The research investigated the different views of some authors regarding to the indiscipline and violence and analyzed the link between school indiscipline and relationships teacher-student occured under two perspectives: the morals and the institutional. The moral perspective was focused on the piagetiana theory about the moral development and the institutional perspective was focused on authors as Aquino and Guirado. We present the investigation that took place in five sessions of observations in three classes of third grade in Cycle I of Fundamental teaching in three municipal schools of Presidente Prudente. Besides these observation, we applied a questionnaire to three students of each observed class and to three teachers of the respective classes. The obtained dates were tabulated and described, according to its property. These same dates we analyzed and talked over under the reference of the two perspectives proposed. The three investigated schools called: School 1, School 2 and School...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre

Cost of debt is a key cognitive anchor for managerial decisions and an important determinant of firm profitability. We extend international management research by analyzing the effects of institutional distance, institutional quality, and their dynamics on the cost of debt in the context of foreign direct investments (FDI). We test our conceptual model on a sample of companies making 3,764 greenfield foreign direct investments from developed into less developed markets. Using hierarchical linear modelling, we show that the financial consequences of internationalizing into countries with weak institutions depend on both the institutional distance between countries, as well as their institutional quality. Furthermore, we find that recent changes in institutional quality form expectations about future development and ultimately influence post investment financing costs.

The thesis examines why and how a Malaysian telecommunication company TM, adopted balance scorecard (BSC). The focus lies in the new institutional theory (NIS), particularly the institutional change model of Hopper and Major (European Accounting Review, 16(1), pp. 59-97, 2007), supplemented by theoretical triangulation involving economic, labour process and actor network theories to enrich observations and extend theory. An explanatory case study is used which employed semi structured interviews, document reviews, informal conversation and observations as method of data collection. Why TM adopted BSC lay in a complex, interrelated chain of institutions, including the government as the main shareholder, management consultants and competitor. BSC was seen as a symbol of improved competitiveness and efficiency but its diffusion and adoption involved mimetic, coercive and normative pressures. The initial reason of adopting BSC was mimetic as a way for TM to move forward after privatisation process. In addition, BSC was also seen as a tool for TM to better transformed itself in order to compete with new players in the telecommunication industry. It is also an act of gaining legitimacy as TM moved from government agency to a privatised entity. Hence, adopting new management accounting practice provides TM an acknowledgment as a private entity. Government transformation programme in 2004 acts as coercive pressure for TM to fully redesign the BSC and tie it to the reward system. Various actors were mobilized to translate and modify BSC to become a working practice in the company. This translation process continues even after the implementation of BSC as new actors join the organisation and existing actors left the organisation. TM executives adopted and used BSC whereas the operational employees showed resistance to the new system. Thus, two separate performance reward systems continue to be practiced in TM which one is based on BSC methodology while the other following the old performance measurement system.

Multinational Corporations (MNCs) currently face not only a dynamic business environment and challenging profit target, but also increased expectations from the public to take responsibility for addressing social, economic, and environmental issues. There is a tendency that the leading companies in the global market, especially MNCs, put more effort to the Social Innovation (SI). This study is to investigate what drives the MNCs to be involved in social innovation. In order to find out the reasons, we make use of the literature related to social innovation and social entrepreneurship to develop a framework of the motivation of MNCs towards social innovation. The framework combines three different perspectives (Individualistic Perspective, Organizational Perspective, and Institutional Perspective) to describe the motivation of MNCs. It includes ten main factors: philanthropy, ethics, self-awareness, new business opportunities, interfuntional collaboration, corporate culture, laws and regulations, market demands, strategic collaboration and territorial development. The study is also built on rich data collected through semi-structured interviews together with secondary sources from four MNCs in the different industries: KPMG, Coca-Cola, Porsche, and Philips. However, the empirical evidence indicates a revised framework of motivations of the social innovation in MNCs, including six main factors: self-awareness, new business opportunities, interfuntional collaboration, corporate culture, market demands, and strategic collaboration. Our research made a step into unexplored field of motivation of the MNC being involved in SI and hopefully will go further to investigate the rationale for such involvement.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-08-06T11:16:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 claricebreviglieriporto.pdf: 6344933 bytes, checksum: da5f358d5bfa14a39f003088a9bedc33 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-08-06T11:17:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 claricebreviglieriporto.pdf: 6344933 bytes, checksum: da5f358d5bfa14a39f003088a9bedc33 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T11:17:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 claricebreviglieriporto.pdf: 6344933 bytes, checksum: da5f358d5bfa14a39f003088a9bedc33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-13 / PROQUALI (UFJF) / As incertezas no mercado atual provenientes das turbulências ambientais e das relações altamente complexas e globalizadas levam as empresas multinacionais a estabelecerem múltiplas alianças para sustentar sua vantagem competitiva. Essas múltiplas alianças se constituem em redes ou portfólios de alianças. Simultaneamente, surge como imperativo a capacidade de inovar para assegurar um melhor diferencial competitivo, levando as empresas a adotar estratégias orientadas à inovação. A indústria automobilística mundial é caracterizada por grandes avanços tecnológicos e representa muito bem as novas formas de relacionamento e operação entre empresas respondentes de uma mesma rede de relacionamentos, inclusive alianças. A gestão da cadeia de fornecedores por meio desses novos arranjos organizacionais é representativa de inovações no setor onde as empresas buscam maior competitividade. As montadoras, empresas multinacionais, dependem do conhecimento dos seus parceiros para desenvolver e entregar produtos inovadores aos consumidores, sendo necessário então, compartilhar informações, recursos, produtos e serviços em todo o portfólio/redes de alianças. Para que esse fluxo ocorra da melhor forma é necessário que a empresa desenvolva a estrutura de governança e a capacidade de aprendizagem. As multinacionais da indústria automobilística são empresas globais, que atuam em diferentes países e estão sujeitas a diferentes pressões institucionais. Para manter sua vantagem competitiva, as empresas precisam compreender e seguir as normas locais, identificando os mecanismos institucionais. Por ser um setor constituído por portfólios de alianças a indústria automobilística possui uma forte cadeia econômica que tem impacto sobre o sistema econômico e social do país, tornando-se responsável por um grande número de empregos, arrecadação tributária e aquecimento do mercado de crédito. A partir desse cenário o objetivo final da pesquisa desenvolvida é: Propor um arcabouço analítico que possa auxiliar os executivos de empresas multinacionais em países emergentes, do setor automobilístico, orientadas estrategicamente à inovação, na análise e no gerenciamento dos seus portfólios de alianças com vistas a contribuir para o desempenho em inovação, considerando suas especificidades institucionais. Para atingir o objetivo foi realizada uma revisão da literatura abrangendo as principais teorias relacionadas ao tema: a teoria das redes, a institucional e a dos portfólios de aliança procurando verificar o impacto dessas no desempenho em inovação das empresas multinacionais. O arcabouço proposto é uma variação do modelo SNA – IF de Macedo-Soares (2015) onde foram acrescentados indicadores relativos ao contexto institucional e específicos ao caso de empresas multinacionais do setor automobilístico em países emergentes. O método adotado foi do estudo de caso múltiplo, envolvendo duas montadoras multinacionais instaladas no Brasil. Para a escolha das montadoras foi feita uma análise dos grupos estratégicos, utilizando a análise de fator, onde se identificou três grupos distintos. Para o estudo de caso foi escolhido uma empresa de cada um dos dois grupos mais relevantes. Utilizando-se de múltiplas fontes de evidências, como a análise documental e a análise dos questionários estruturados, se consolidou o arcabouço SNA – IF_Institution Version. Os resultados da pesquisa empírica comprovaram a adequação da aplicação do arcabouço SNA – IF_Institution Version no sentido de prover elementos que possam auxiliar os executivos das empresas do setor automobilísticos na análise e no gerenciamento dos seus portfólios de alianças com vistas a contribuir para o desempenho em inovação, face suas especificidades institucionais. / The uncertainties in the current market stemming from environmental turbulences and highly globalized and complex relations make multinational companies establish multiple alliances to support their competitive advantage. These multiple alliances are made up of networks or alliances. Simultaneously, the capacity to innovate becomes imperative, so as to assure a competitive differential, enabling companies to adopt innovation-oriented strategies. The world auto industry is characterized by great technological advances and successfully represents the new ways of relationship and operation between companies taking part in the same relationship network, including alliances. The management of the supply chain through these new organizational arrangements is representative of innovations in the sector where companies seek more competitiveness. The car companies, which are multinationals, depend on the expertise of their partners to develop and deliver innovative products to consumers, thus rendering it necessary to share information, resources, products and services in the entire portfolio/alliance network. In order for this flow to happen in the best way possible, it is necessary that the company develop the structure for governance and the capacity to learn. Multinationals of the auto industry are global companies, which are present in several different countries and are subject to different institutional pressures. So as to keep their competitive advantage, companies must comprehend and follow the local norms, identifying institutional mechanisms. Since it is a sector made up of alliance portfolios, the industry has a strong economic chain that has impact on the social and economic systems of the country, becoming responsible for a large number of jobs, tax collection and the strengthening of the credit market.From this scenario, the final objective of the research developed is: To propose an analytical framework which can help executives from multinational companies in emerging countries, from the auto sector, strategically guided to innovation, to analyse and to manage their alliance portfolios aiming to contribute for the performance in innovation, considering their institutional specificities. To reach such goal, a literary review encompassing the main theories related to the theme was conducted: The theories of networks, the institutional and that of alliance portfolios aiming to verify their impact on the innovation performance of multinational companies.The proposed framework is a variation of the SNA-IF model from Macedo-Soares (2015) to which we added indicators related with the institutional context and specific to the case of multinational companies from the auto industry in emerging countries. The adopted method was the multiple case study, involving two international car companies with factories in Brazil. To choose them, an analysis of the strategic groups was carried out, using the factor analysis, in which three groups were identified. For the case study, one company from each of the two more relevant groups was chosen. Using multiple sources of evidence, such as documental analysis and an examination of structured questionnaires, the SNA-IF_Institution Version framework was consolidated. The results from the empirical research prove the adequacy of applying the SNA-IF_Institution Version framework in order to provide elements that can help executives from the auto industry to analyze and manage their portfolios of alliances so as to contribute to the innovation performance, in face of their institutional specificities.