Chan Wai-Lin. / "June 2003." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 199-209). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

This dissertation examines South Korea as an emergent middle power in East Asia, and how this is being reflected on its diplomatic behavior in relation to the processes of regionalism. The literature of middle powers suggests that countries such as South Korea can play useful roles to promote cooperation in several specific areas. In East Asia, the need for regional institutionalization became evident since the Asian Financial Crisis (AFC) of 1997-98, yet the attempts of China and Japan for regional leadership are often viewed as problematic. Hence, this research confirmed its main hypothesis which points to South Korea as a capable middle power to lead East Asian regionalism. Thus, in those particular instances where Korea has chosen to display middlepowermanship – as a catalyst, facilitator and/or manager of regionalist projects – the advancement in the processes of regional institutionalization in East Asia was generally observed. In doing so, this research looked into South Korea’s foreign policy behavior towards East Asian regional processes and towards Northeast Asia as a subregion. Regional institution-building attempts, as well as the creation of regional governance were the main aspects observed; hence this research falls within the theoretical boundaries of international political economy and international relations. Neoliberal theories related to neo-functionalism, institutionalism and especially inter-governmentalism were considered to understand regionalism, while preferring a constructivist point of view to explain the relations among states. A qualitative type of methodology was favored, including interviews with policy-makers and experts, as well as archival research of primary and secondary sources. Ultimately, this study has both practical and theoretical contributions, since the literature on middle powers does not often consider applications to regionalism, a process which is usually advanced and led by great powers. Thus, study conclusions suggest several improved practical understandings of East Asian regionalism in general, recommendations for its continuing advancement and possible future strategies for South Korea’s role in it as the regional middle power. / This dissertation examines South Korea as an emergent middle power in East Asia, and how this is being reflected on its diplomatic behavior in relation to the processes of regionalism. The literature of middle powers suggests that countries such as South Korea can play useful roles to promote cooperation in several specific areas. In East Asia, the need for regional institutionalization became evident since the Asian Financial Crisis (AFC) of 1997-98, yet the attempts of China and Japan for regional leadership are often viewed as problematic. Hence, this research confirmed its main hypothesis which points to South Korea as a capable middle power to lead East Asian regionalism. Thus, in those particular instances where Korea has chosen to display middlepowermanship – as a catalyst, facilitator and/or manager of regionalist projects – the advancement in the processes of regional institutionalization in East Asia was generally observed. In doing so, this research looked into South Korea’s foreign policy behavior towards East Asian regional processes and towards Northeast Asia as a subregion. Regional institution-building attempts, as well as the creation of regional governance were the main aspects observed; hence this research falls within the theoretical boundaries of international political economy and international relations. Neoliberal theories related to neo-functionalism, institutionalism and especially inter-governmentalism were considered to understand regionalism, while preferring a constructivist point of view to explain the relations among states. A qualitative type of methodology was favored, including interviews with policy-makers and experts, as well as archival research of primary and secondary sources. Ultimately, this study has both practical and theoretical contributions, since the literature on middle powers does not often consider applications to regionalism, a process which is usually advanced and led by great powers. Thus, study conclusions suggest several improved practical understandings of East Asian regionalism in general, recommendations for its continuing advancement and possible future strategies for South Korea’s role in it as the regional middle power.

Submitted by Liliane Ferreira (ljuvencia30@gmail.com) on 2018-06-18T15:44:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Daiane Lima da Silva - 2018.pdf: 1423945 bytes, checksum: 997f988a5d8d27a26d453d0469003b75 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-06-27T10:31:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Daiane Lima da Silva - 2018.pdf: 1423945 bytes, checksum: 997f988a5d8d27a26d453d0469003b75 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-27T10:31:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Daiane Lima da Silva - 2018.pdf: 1423945 bytes, checksum: 997f988a5d8d27a26d453d0469003b75 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-30 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar e descrever a contribuição das políticas públicas para o processo de institucionalização do campo da economia solidária. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de enfoque qualitativo e finalidade exploratória e descritiva. Adotou-se como estratégia de pesquisa casos múltiplos, e foram selecionados quatro casos para o estudo. O objeto de análise foram as políticas públicas estaduais de economia solidária. Para a coleta de dados recorreu-se à pesquisa documental e entrevistas. A pesquisa documental foi realizada em duas fases, anteriormente à pesquisa em campo e ao final da análise dos casos pesquisados. Os dados foram tratados com o auxílio do software NVivo, e a estratégia de análise foi a análise por meio de categorias analíticas. A escolha das categorias de análise foi feita a priori tendo como fundamento o referencial teórico. Foi examinada a implementação dos instrumentos instituídos pelas políticas públicas de economia solidária e como contribuíram para fomentar e apoiar os empreendimentos econômicos solidários. Primeiramente foram analisados e caraterizados os contextos de cada caso, identificando como a economia solidária estava presente na estrutura de cada estado, os programas voltados ao tema, a quantidade de pessoas envolvidas na implementação da política e os recursos orçamentais destinados a essas políticas. Depois foram identificados os instrumentos instituídos em lei e aqueles implementados com base nas principais áreas apontadas pela literatura que precisam de apoio do poder público, que são comercialização, apoio técnico, formalização, acesso ao crédito e ações intragovernamentais e com outros atores da política. Foram identificados nos quatro casos de análise ações e atividades desenvolvidas nessas cinco áreas. Foi possível constatar também que a prática das atividades públicas investigadas está em consonância com o quadro teórico a respeito da economia solidária. Conclui-se que dois casos possuem alto grau de implementação, por estarem proporcionando, por meio de suas ações, reconhecimento social e legitimação, e disseminando a cultura da economia solidária. / Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar e descrever a contribuição das políticas públicas para o processo de institucionalização do campo da economia solidária. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de enfoque qualitativo e finalidade exploratória e descritiva. Adotou-se como estratégia de pesquisa casos múltiplos, e foram selecionados quatro casos para o estudo. O objeto de análise foram as políticas públicas estaduais de economia solidária. Para a coleta de dados recorreu-se à pesquisa documental e entrevistas. A pesquisa documental foi realizada em duas fases, anteriormente à pesquisa em campo e ao final da análise dos casos pesquisados. Os dados foram tratados com o auxílio do software NVivo, e a estratégia de análise foi a análise por meio de categorias analíticas. A escolha das categorias de análise foi feita a priori tendo como fundamento o referencial teórico. Foi examinada a implementação dos instrumentos instituídos pelas políticas públicas de economia solidária e como contribuíram para fomentar e apoiar os empreendimentos econômicos solidários. Primeiramente foram analisados e caraterizados os contextos de cada caso, identificando como a economia solidária estava presente na estrutura de cada estado, os programas voltados ao tema, a quantidade de pessoas envolvidas na implementação da política e os recursos orçamentais destinados a essas políticas. Depois foram identificados os instrumentos instituídos em lei e aqueles implementados com base nas principais áreas apontadas pela literatura que precisam de apoio do poder público, que são comercialização, apoio técnico, formalização, acesso ao crédito e ações intragovernamentais e com outros atores da política. Foram identificados nos quatro casos de análise ações e atividades desenvolvidas nessas cinco áreas. Foi possível constatar também que a prática das atividades públicas investigadas está em consonância com o quadro teórico a respeito da economia solidária. Conclui-se que dois casos possuem alto grau de implementação, por estarem proporcionando, por meio de suas ações, reconhecimento social e legitimação, e disseminando a cultura da economia solidária.

No description available.

At a time when the rest of Canada, and indeed much of the Western World, was looking for alternatives to large custodial mental hospitals, people in the Western Canadian province of Saskatchewan celebrated the opening of one of the country's largest asylums. The province remained committed to the institution throughout the interwar years, offering few alternatives for people deemed insane or mentally defective. People on the outside often saw the asylum as an economic boon, a marker of civilization, or as an institution that was crucial for protecting the health and safety of the public. Patients and their families, however, struggled against an institution where patients were subjected to a broad range of indignities. By carefully considering Saskatchewan's regional social and political culture, I examine the values that were projected onto the asylum by those on the outside and the boundaries that were established between the patients and the public that enabled the public to see the asylum as necessary despite widespread patient suffering. I argue that the public accepted the Weyburn Mental Hospital first as a monument worthy of celebration and then as a necessary, though perhaps regrettable, tool for segregation. The asylum in the interwar years is best understood as a political rather than a medical institution, where politicians and the asylum administration cultivated an image for the institution that conformed to regional values. The government and the media defined the patient experience for a curious public, portraying the institution and its patients in a way that not only legitimized the asylum but that also assigned it meaning far beyond its stated medical function. The values associated with the asylum changed over time, but were always guided by political concerns and were always facilitated by manipulating the relationship between the asylum, its patients, and the surrounding community.

This study (1) developed and tested the Socially Supportive Activity Inventory (SSAI) to assess the quantity and quality of socially supportive activities that institutionalized elders receive, and (2) tested the predicted relationships among the variables proposed in the hypothesized causal model, socially supportive activities, self-transcendence, and depression in institutionalized elders. For pilot testing psychometric properties of the SSAI, the content validity was 0.96. Test-retest reliability from a sample of 10 participants yielded stability coefficients of 0.76-1.00, indicating the SSAI is a highly relevant and reliable culturally-based instrument. In the main study, a total of 196 participants were recruited from eight elder care institutions. The results showed an elder's expectation of filial responsibility did not have a moderating effect on the willingness to be/remain institutionalized and on perceived stress. An elder's acceptance of institutionalization was significantly related to perceived stress and indirectly affected depression. The mediator effect of self-transcendence on the relationship between perceived stress and depression was supported. The participation of elderly residents in socially supportive activities demonstrated a moderating effect on the strength of a negative relationship between perceived stress and self-transcendence. In the modified model, an elder's willingness to remain institutionalized, perceived stress, and self-transcendence were significant predictors of depression, accounting for 54.7% of variance. Self-transcendence was the best predictor of depression. These findings contribute to an awareness of importance of culture factors as potential stressors. These findings also help to explain how the psychosocial mechanism of participation in socially supportive activities and the perception of self-transcendence act on depressed elders.

Legitimacy is a central concept within organization studies and it is widely accepted that being granted legitimacy is crucial for organizations in today’s society. Legitimacy is known to be based on rationality which during the course of research development has come to include not only technical aspects, but also socially constructed factors affected by stakeholder’s personal values. Moreover, it is known that there are multiple dimensions of legitimacy and that organizations are evaluated based on method of operation, output and goals, and vision. These can be judged differently by stakeholders in the same field, arriving at possibly contradictive legitimacy judgements regarding the same organization. However, we are not familiar with if the context in which an organization operates affects the legitimacy judgement made by its stakeholders. This thesis therefore aimed to study how the context an organization operates in can affect the legitimacy judgement with a comparative case study. The study shows that the operational context in itself can be a factor in the evaluation of the organization. It also indicates that different contexts can cause different and contradictive legitimacy judgements among the stakeholders even though the operational task and output is essentially the same.

Business ethics is a much debated issue in contemporary America. As many ethical improprieties gained widespread attention, organizations tried to control the damage by institutionalizing ethics through a variety of structures, policies, and procedures. Although the institutionalization of ethics has become popular in corporate America, there is a lack of research in this area. The relationship between the cultural dimensions of individualism/collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity/femininity and the perceptions of managers regarding the institutionalization of ethics is investigated in this study. This research also examined whether managers' level of cognitive moral development and locus of control influenced their perceptions. Data collection was performed through a mail survey of managers in the U.S. and India. Out of the 174 managers of American multinationals who responded to the survey, 86 were Americans and 88 were Indians. Results revealed that managers' perceptions were influenced by the four cultural dimensions. Managerial perceptions regarding the effectiveness of codes of ethics and the influence of referent groups varied according to their nationality. But, managers from both countries found implicit forms of institutionalizing ethics, such as organizational systems, culture, and leadership to be more effective in raising the ethical climate of organizations than explicit forms such as codes of ethics, ethics officers, and ethics ombudspeople. The results did not support the influence of moral reasoning level and locus of control type on managerial perceptions. The results suggested that in order for ethics institutionalization efforts to be successful, there must be a fit or compatibility between the implicit and explicit forms of institutionalizing ethics. The significance of this study rests on the fact that it enriched our understanding of how national culture affects managerial perceptions regarding the institutionalization of ethics. This is the first comparative study between U.S. managers and Indian managers that examines the variables, both explicit and implicit, which influence how ethical values are cultivated and perpetuated in organizations.

American prisons are swollen and distended. Over 2 million Americans sit in jail or prison today. About 2/3 of the incarcerated are parents. They parent approximately 2 million children in America today who are separated from mom or dad because of incarceration. Their children suffer from poverty, inconsistency in caregivers, separation from siblings, reduced opportunity to health and education and increased risk for substance abuse, alcoholism and incarceration themselves. Children of the incarcerated are seven times more likely than their peers to become incarcerated as adults.Many of these children are unable to visit their parents. Over half the mothers in prison today live over 100 miles from home. Children who visit their parents are unable to touch them. 42% of the incarcerated today had a parent who was incarcerated, nearly half grew up families that received welfare benefits, and 42% had a substance-abusing parent. Familial poverty, alcoholism and crime set up a subsequent cycle of generational recidivism. This thesis proposes that the normalization of the prison or jail environment while visiting with parents contributes to the generational cycle of recidivism. Coupled with a lack of opportunity before parental incarceration and ineffective parental rehabilitation, these children return to the facilities as adults. Can families be restored and rehabilitated through education and health opportunities in an environment devoid of an institutional feel? Could an urban university partner with the Department of Corrections to administer such a program? What environment and program model is a viable alternative to reunite these families both during incarceration and as a re-entry that is meaningful and enduring? Can we arrest the cradle to cage cycle? This thesis outlines such a project and facility located in context of Richmond, Virginia. Theoretically, programming will be offered by Virginia Commonwealth University. Statistics and facts will be set within the Richmond environment.

Quel lien existe-t-il entre la formation des stratégies et le contexte institutionnel au sein duquel les stratèges opèrent? Pour tenter de répondre à cette question, ce travail doctoral met en œuvre un design de recherche interprétativiste qui permet d'explorer les caractéristiques de la finance islamique avant d'analyser la façon dont les banques islamiques libanaises élaborent et mettent en œuvre leurs stratégies. L'étude révèle que les possibles institutionnels du champ naissant de la finance islamique restent ouverts et que les firmes qui y opèrent peuvent se positionner au sein d'amorces institutionnelles qui se distinguent par l'importance qu'elles accordent aux facteurs technique, religieux et socioéconomique ainsi que par la relation qu'elles prônent avec la finance dite conventionnelle. En adoptant la configuration qui leur semble la plus à même de faciliter la mise en œuvre de stratégies qui assurent leur pérennité, les organisations choisissent ainsi un ordre cognitif spécifique qui influence à la fois leur agir stratégique et l'ensemble des situations de gestions auxquelles elles peuvent être confrontées. Par la même occasion, elles participent à la diffusion d'un modèle institutionnel spécifique et contribuent, donc, indirectement à son institutionnalisation. C'est ainsi que le champ de la finance islamique est, non seulement, l'arène d'une « lutte » concurrentielle entre institutions financières islamiques mais aussi le théâtre d'un conflit symbolique qui oppose les futurs potentiels de la finance islamique et qui a pour enjeux la forme finale du champ ainsi que sa relation avec la finance dite conventionnelle. / How does the institutional context impact the formation of strategies? This PhD thesis tries to answer this question using an interpretative research design while utilizing Islamic finance as a field of study. It analyzes the methods used by Lebanese Islamic banks to set up and implement their strategies locally and abroad. The thesis reveals that the field of Islamic finance is still in a pre-institutionalization phase. It uncovers the parameters of three possible institutionalization paths according to the importance given to technical, religious or socioeconomic factors as well as the way the banks define their relationship to conventional finance. By choosing one of these options, Lebanese Islamic banks opt for a specific cognitive framework that influences their strategies and organizational behavior altogether. In turn, these firms also contribute to the diffusion of the principles underlying their choice and therefore, indirectly, to their institutionalization. Hence, instead of being just an arena for a traditional inter-firm competitive war, Islamic finance becomes the ground of a symbolic struggle that opposes the different potential futures of the field, and one that will shape the final form of the industry and its relationship with conventional finance.