Students in the United States take language courses for various reasons. Many Spanish heritage language learners (HLLs) and the majority of second language learners (L2Ls) enroll in Spanish classes in the United States. Based on state demographics, sometimes immigrants from Spanish-speaking countries join HLLs and L2Ls in mixed-classrooms. Many times, these groups take classes together, even though their language abilities, motivations, and linguistic needs differ significantly. Such a learning setting presents challenges for them as well as for instructors. This study builds upon and reinforces findings from previous studies regarding teaching mixed-classes. Data were gathered from 41 students taking AP Spanish at the secondary level through pre- and post-questionnaires, journal reflections, observations and interview with four of the participants. Findings reveal that all groups enjoyed working together in a mixed-classroom setting. Additionally, their language learning experience progressed as they worked collaboratively and learned reciprocally. The study found that scaffolded debates and class discussions aided students with their language learning. Furthermore, the study shows the need to help students with reading and literacy skills, listening skills and acquisition of Hispanic cultures. Lastly, the study also shows the importance of instructors' approaches, practices and materials to teaching mixed-classes and the need for focused and individualized instruction for better results with each group.

Covid-19 har påverkat samhället på flertal olika sätt. Med uppmaningar och råd om social distansering kan sådant som tidigare varit vardagliga aktiviteter bli alltmer svårt att genomföra. Denna pandemi har orsakat att många hellre utför sina träningspass hemifrån och under en sådan period kan det behövas alternativa sätt att få träningsinstruktioner på. Augmented Reality är ett sätt att förstärka användarens verklighet. Genom att nyttja kamerateknologi som reflekterar det användaren ser kompletterar systemet samtidigt den bilden, vanligtvis med 3D modeller. Denna teknik har tidigare använts inom områden som visualisering av information och instruktioner. Flertal studier som gjorts inom Augmented Reality och instruktioner har använt enheter som är mindre tillgängliga för allmänheten. Dessa enheter är exempelvis digitala glasögon eller AR headset. En mer konkret studie på mobilbaserad AR hade behövts göras inom ett område som träningsinstruktioner, vilket kräver fokus både på den mobila enheten och verkligheten på ett annat sätt än vad som hade behövt om användaren burit glasögon eller headset.  Denna studie utforskar Augmented Reality kopplat till träningsinstruktioner i en egenskapad (skapad av oss) mobilbaserad applikationsprototyp med ett fokus påinteraktiv design utifrån instruktionsstruktur och heuristiker inom användbarhet. För att utföra detta användes primärt Cognitive Load Theory som ett ramverk både för skapandet av prototypens instruktionsmaterial och i analysen samt besvarandet av forskningsfrågorna. I studien utfördes användartester på sammanlagt sju deltagare. Resultatet visade attAugmented Reality i en mobilbaserad prototyp har potential. Däremot finns det problematik som är viktigt att ha i åtanke vid design av AR, instruktionsstruktur och det grafiska gränssnittet. I allmänhet handlar dessa om markörbaserad teknik, interaktioner i koppling till fysiska handlingar och hur lätt det är att ta in instruktionerna baserat på dess struktur och prototypens gränssnitt / Covid-19 has affected society as we know it in many ways. Social distancing has been called for and this has caused daily activities that once were prominent to become harder to perform. During a period, such as this, alternative methods for training instructions would then be more searched out for. Augmented Reality is a technology which can be used to enhance the user’s world. This is accomplished by using camera technology in synchronization with other technologies to affect the camera and therefore the users view. Which for example could be via 3D models to enhance the world. This technology has been used in other studies with the focus of instructional material and physical training. However, these studies have often used such equipment that is not commonly available, and more concrete research about the use of a mobile based Augmented Reality application with the purpose of visualizing training instructions would be needed. As the interaction with a mobile unit varies a lot in contrast to that with a headset or glasses. This study investigates Augmented Reality in connection to training instructions by using a mobile based prototype with focus on how to design based on instructional structure and usability heuristics. The study has primarily used cognitive load theory as a framework for the prototypes instructional design but also in the analysis and the methods used to answer the research questions. The study conducted user tests with seven participants in total. The result showed that Augmented Reality in a mobile based prototype has potential. However, there are problems that you must think about when designing for AR, instructional structure and the graphical interface. In general, it is about marker based Augmented Reality, interactions with the graphical interface while doing physical actions and the ease of understanding instructions based on structure and graphical user interface.

Emma Diruf Seiler (1821-1886) was a Bavarian-American voice teacher and scientist who wrote and published Altes und Neues über die Ausbildung des Gesangorganes mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die Frauenstimme (Old and New in the Art of Singing, with Special Attention to the Female Voice) in 1861 while working in Leipzig. It was translated by William Henry Furness and published in Philadelphia as The Voice in Singing in 1868. This pedagogue and her writings are largely unknown to those who study historic bel canto pedagogy. In the opening of Seiler's pamphlet, she explained her purpose for writing was "to bring into harmony things which have always been treated separately, the Science and the Art of Singing..." Aside from brief comments in a few books on vocal pedagogy, Emma Seiler is largely unknown. Neither her contribution to voice science and pedagogy, nor the impact of her integrated philosophy on teaching have been subjected to scholarly scrutiny. The purpose of this document is to explore her philosophy on teaching, her method of female vocal instruction, and her impact on voice instruction. This dissertation historicizes evidence-based pedagogy through Seiler's example.

This thesis deals with smart house automation, the application of products in this field, and their use. It also describes a specific solution developed in this work for smart house automation and its hardware and software properties. The developed smart house automation panel is a compact device designed primarily for non-commercial use. It is a multipurpose device whose specific function is set by the user by selecting control instructions. This work contains a description of these instructions, the software for building them, and examples of practical applications.

The aim of the master thesis is to create and verify the control algorithm of a personal lift. First part of the thesis focuses on a literature review investigating the requirements for personal lifts. Based on the information found in the review, selected measures were implemented in the model so that it would be the most suitable to the requirements for personal lifts. A brief introduction of the lift and its norms is followed by a description of the programme and control algorithm, including the description of the used add-on instructions. Last part describes the visualization which is used to control the lift model. In addition to controlling, the visualization provides statistical data, the current status of the programme and information about the set parameters, inputs, outputs and faults.

This thesis concerns preparation and organization of an additional building to an industrial hall belonging to SAND TEAM company in Holubice which specialises in material forming research.Thesis focusses on technological realization plan of the building object.Description of other construction objects is included.

This thesis deals with the preparation and organization of construction of Logistic center of waste for processing biologically decomposable waste in Vsetín. It is focused mostly on technological procedure of realization of main building object, based on the budget, the progress chart, the technological instructions and the inspecting and test plan. The thesis also contains a description of other objels with time and financial planning. It is designed and described the construction site equipment, the composition of machinery for construction and the design of the supply of material resources.

Manual assembly workers have nowadays a much higher workload than before. Not only do they have to deal with many more product variants, but as aconsequence they also receive many more information signals that they have to act upon. This study focuses on the information assembly workers receive through visual instructions. By conducting a literature review in the domains of product development with focus on design for assembly, cognition related to informationin instructions and different instruction formats like paper, tablet, and augmented reality (AR), commonalities and differences could be identified. Assembly operations are generally divided in handling a part and joining a part, and instructions should inform the assembly worker about when what should be assembled where and how. Each of these aspects has an impact on the overall complexity of the assembly process. To realise which of these aspects is most critical for an assembly worker can be of help in creating and delivering effective, tailor made instructions. The main finding is that there is not a one size fits all solution when it comes to the effectiveness of instructions, but that the type of instructions and the way they are delivered should in the first place be adjusted to the complexity of the assembly operations and secondly - if possible - also adjusted to the experience of the worker. The outcomes mentioned in this document should help laying the foundation for rules and guidelines when it comes to manual assembly instructions and its factors to consider.

(in English): This Master's work attempts to analyze the selected documents of dominion's administration, which were being published by the office workers of the dominion's management during the period from the end of the 16th to the half of the 17th century, and through the metody of comparison it tries to find out the official form of the manor's leading methods and the communication between the owner of domain and his subordinate inhabitants.

Introduction: The case study was conducted at the non-profit housing company AB GotlandsHem. The purpose of the study is to increase knowledge about working methods and processes in GotlandsHems property system and provide suggestions for possible measures for development and implementation suggestions.  Problem description: Knowledge, information and understanding of the property system is lacking to get a consensus on working methods and processes, but also where instructions are and who is responsible in the property system. This may be due to the fact that GotlandsHem worked to introduce a process approach in the organisation.  Theory: In order to gain an understanding of the current situation, the theoretical starting point of the study has been offensive quality development and processes. Management systems, roles and responsibilities as well as instructions have been used to highlight opportunities for increasing knowledge about working methods and processes.  Method: The study follows a qualitative research design. Total Quality Management was used to attack the problem area. Surveys, interviews, observations and document collection have been conducted. In the identification of improvement proposals, the tools relationship diagrams, tree diagrams and matrix diagrams have been used. The PDSA cycle has been used as a starting point for further implementation.  Results: The results show that there is a lack of knowledge about the property system. Instructions are perceived as incomplete, unclear, incorrect, missing and difficult to find. Responsibilities and roles have a large connection to working methods and processes, which the majority find difficult to find information about.  Conclusions: A mapping of the processes could increase the understanding of working methods and processes. Clearly stated responsibility and a clear structure in the management system can solve the problem linked to instructions as well as navigating the intranet. A needs-adapted education plan would mean that everyone gets an introduction.