South African learners continue to perform poorly in high school Circle Geometry. Lack of learner confidence and motivation in Mathematics may be the contributing factors to the low success rate in Circle Geometry. These factors, coupled with Conventional Teaching Instructions (CTI), may have contributed to the significant reduction in the number of learners enrolled for Mathematics, and provided a rationale for the study that explored a possible alternative teaching pedagogy to motivate and eventually improve learner performance in Circle Geometry. The study aimed to investigate the comparative effects of Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) and CTI on the performance and motivation of Grade 11 learners in the topic of Circle Geometry. The population of the study consisted of Grade 11 Mathematics learners from 65 secondary schools in the Ekurhuleni North District of Gauteng province in South Africa. Using convenience sampling techniques two schools with n=136 Grade 11 Mathematics learners and two teachers participated in the study. One school formed the experimental group (n=71) and the other school formed the control group (n=65). The study followed a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group approach consisting of pre-and post-test measures. Intact classes participated in the study as it was not possible to randomly select participants for the study. Both groups wrote a standardised achievement pre-test to ascertain their performance status at the beginning of the study. CAI was implemented in the experimental school while CTI was implemented in the control school. A similar post-test was administered on both groups to measure the comparative effects of each teaching method on the performance of learners. A questionnaire was also administered to both groups to measure the motivation of learners. A purposive sample (n=12) was selected from both groups to participate in semi-structured interviews to account for the results of the test and the questionnaire. A socio-constructivist theory framed the study. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyse data. The results of this investigation indicated that the use of the computer software, GeoGebra, in the teaching and learning of Circle Geometry improved the performance and motivation of Grade 11 learners. / Mathematics Education / M. Ed. (Mathematics Education)

Submitted by Simone Maisonave (simonemaisonave@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-08T12:54:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Genivaldo Gonçalves Pinto_Tese.pdf: 8871325 bytes, checksum: ba674418b1d4a2f8bd41f4036f86bdba (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Simone Maisonave (simonemaisonave@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-08T12:55:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Genivaldo Gonçalves Pinto_Tese.pdf: 8871325 bytes, checksum: ba674418b1d4a2f8bd41f4036f86bdba (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2016-09-08T21:42:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Genivaldo Gonçalves Pinto_Tese.pdf: 8871325 bytes, checksum: ba674418b1d4a2f8bd41f4036f86bdba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-08T21:42:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Genivaldo Gonçalves Pinto_Tese.pdf: 8871325 bytes, checksum: ba674418b1d4a2f8bd41f4036f86bdba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-24 / Sem bolsa / Esta pesquisa dedica-se a analisar as manifestações da cultura militar na educação brasileira durante parte da Primeira República, com destaque para a cidade de Pelotas, no Rio Grande do Sul. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, realizada por meio de alguns exemplares das revistas O Tiro e O Tiro de Guerra, editadas pelo Ministério da Guerra de 1909 a 1930, documentos digitalizados do Center for Research Libraries, Almanach de Pelotas, Relatórios do Município de Pelotas, Álbum de Pelotas, Lembranças do Gymnasio Gonzaga, documentos escolares do Museu da Escola Municipal Pelotense e bibliografias. A primeira parte descreve a história da educação militar, iniciada pelo exército português no território brasileiro em 1694, constituindo-se em matriz e inspiração herdadas pelo Exército do Brasil soberano, que, a partir dos arsenais de guerra, dispensou preocupação educacional não somente aos seus efetivos, como às crianças e adultos civis de suas vizinhanças. Participou, ainda, da alfabetização de parcela de seus militares de baixa patente em outros tipos de aquartelamento, por meio das Escolas Regimentais. Descreve, ainda, a importante participação de civis na criação de alguns Batalhões Patrióticos, sobretudo o da Escola Polytechinica que, nos primeiros anos da República, garantiu sua consolidação. Expõe os esforços do exército para contar com uma doutrina de guerra atualizada, experimentando, até meados do século XX, as doutrinas alemã, francesa e americana como ideais. Por fim, descreve o percurso histórico do surgimento da educação física no Brasil, tendo o Exército brasileiro desempenhado papel preponderante na sua adoção e desenvolvimento. A segunda parte deste trabalho aborda o início das atividades desportivas, tanto aquelas ligadas ao tiro ao alvo nas associações de cultura alemã, como as iniciadas pelos militares e civis em algumas instituições militares. Expõe, ainda, a criação da Sociedade de Propaganda do Tiro Brazileiro, na cidade de Rio Grande, no Rio Grande do Sul, seus resultados e a inspiração à criação de outras associações com a finalidade de instruir cidadãos a partir dos 16 anos de idade no aprendizado do tiro para a defesa da pátria, sob a coordenação da Confederação do Tiro Brasileiro, concomitante à campanha em prol do serviço militar obrigatório. A terceira e última parte relata as inúmeras dificuldades enfrentadas pelo Exército brasileiro na Guerra da Tríplice Aliança, sendo que duas delas – a baixa qualificação profissional de sua tropa afetada pela pouca escolarização e o despreparo para atirar –perdurariam, ainda, como preocupações por muito tempo. Consciente disso, desde então o Ministério da Guerra manteve-se à procura de uma solução, descobrindo, no início do século XX, que poderia sanar essas deficiências com a introdução de sua cultura militar nas Linhas, Tiros e nas instituições educacionais civis, através das Escolas de Instrução Militar. Como resultado, Pelotas foi considerada um locus privilegiado para a disseminação daquela cultura, inclusive da pedagogia escoteira em algumas instituições, contribuindo para a formação de uma juventude patriótica e cívica. / This research aimed at analyzing the manifestations of military culture in Brazilian education in part of the First Republic, especially in Pelotas city, in Rio Grande do Sul. This study is about a documental research developed by some magazine samples O Tiro e O Tiro de Guerra, edited by the War Minister from 1909 to 1930, digital documents from Center for Research Libraries, Alamanach from Pelotas city, reports on Pelotas city, Pelotas album, Gonzaga gymnasium memories, scholar documents of the Pelotense school and bibliographies. The first part describes the history of military education, initiated by the Portuguese army in Brazil in 1694, it is formed by matrix and inspiration inherited by Brazil sovereign army, which, from the war arsenal, dismissed educational concern not only to its permanent, as children and civil adults of its surroundings. It made part of the literacy of its low rank militaries in other kinds of barracks, by Regimentals Schools. Also, it highlights the civil participation in the creation of Patriotic Battalions, especially Polytechnic School which ensured its consolidation in the first years. It exposes army's efforts to deal with an update war doctrine, experimenting until the mid-twentieth century, the German, French and American doctrines as ideals. Finally, it describes the historical background of the emergence of physical education in Brazil, and the Brazilian Army performance in its adoption and development. The second part of this study focuses on the beginning of the sporting activities, those ones linked to target shooting in associations of German culture, as well those ones started by militaries and civics in some military institutions. Also, it exposes the creation of Propaganda Society of Brazilian shot, in Rio Grande city, in Rio Grande do Sul, its results and inspirations to the creations of other associations in order to instruct the 16-years-old citizens how to shot to defend their homeland, by command of Brazilian Shooting Confederation, concomitant to the campaign in favor of the mandatory military service. The third and final part relates numerous difficulties faced by the Brazilian Army in the Triple Alliance War, two of them are - the low professional qualification of its troops affected by poor education and lack of shoot preparation – they would endure concerns for a long time. The War Ministry, aware of this, remained in searching of a solution, discovering, in the beginning of twentieth century that it could remedy these deficiencies with the introduction of its military culture in Lines, Shoots and in civil educational institutions, through the Military instruction schools. As a result, Pelotas was considered a privileged locus to the dissemination of that culture, including the scout pedagogy in some institutions, contributing in the formation of a patriotic and civic youth.

The abstract The main aim of the thesis is preparation of the edition of an educational text by Simon Lomnický from Budeč. My work includes the correction of grammar, syntactic and ortographic errors, some of them need special decision, which has no influence on the uniqueness of the middle czech language. I have also analysed main themes and motives, which were similar to the themes of an another same genre books. The end of the life of Simon Lomnicky wasn't very happy and there were a lot of bad legends about his political behavior and his death during 19 th century,, which was destroyed on the beggening of the 20th century. I was also trying to find the origin of these rumors and make decision of its.

Instruktioner som hjälper En studie om förutsättningar för lärande och anpassningar i praktiska ämnen på ett naturbruksprogram, med utgångspunkt i Galperins teori om stegvist lärande Sara Otterdahl och Josefin Westling Sammanfattning Syftet med studien var att undersöka på vilket sätt lärandesituationer utformas och anpassas i praktiska moment, på ett naturbruksprogram, för att elever ska utveckla ett eget kunnande. Observationer utgjorde den främsta insamlingsmetoden och kompletterades med intervjuer och audiovisuellt material. Utöver sex observationer av lektionstillfällen genomfördes intervjuer med 2 lärare och 5 instruktörer. Metoden för bearbetningen av materialet var en kvalitativ innehållsanalys, där kategorier skapades inom vilka datamaterialet sorterades och analyserades. Studien bygger på Galperins teori om det stegvisa lärandet. Teorin talar om hur instruktioner kan och bör struktureras samt hur elever utvecklar lärandet med hjälp av rätt orienteringsbas (instruktioner). Det specialpedagogiska fältet kopplas i studien till resultatet genom att Galperins teori och metod kan ses som ett sätt att förebygga svårigheter och att anpassa när svårigheter uppstår. En första slutsats i studien är att de instruktioner som ges innan en uppgift ska genomföras inte är tillräckliga utan att lärare och instruktörer ger elever fortlöpande anpassade instruktioner. De instruktioner som används när eleverna inte själva klarar av att utföra uppgifterna är till stor del muntliga och ges till en eller en mindre grupp elever. Studien visar att instruktionerna hjälper eleverna att klara av att genomföra uppgifterna och att detta tycks ha att göra med att instruktionerna ger eleverna förståelse för materiella objekt och symboler och hjälper eleverna att komma tillbaka till orienteringsbasen. En andra slutsats i studien är att eleverna behöver en orienteringsbas som tar hänsyn till den komplexa undervisningsmiljön som kännetecknas av att eleverna behöver klara av att samspela med djur och att hantera den egna kroppen. Eleverna behöver instruktioner för hur de ska göra detta och studien visar att det behöver ske en växelverkan mellan agerande och orienteringsbas, där eleven i de oförutsägbara situationer som uppstår behöver få anpassade och fortlöpande instruktioner.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The objective of this work is to analyze, in a comparative perspective, instructions guides produced by United States and Great Britain in the Second World War. We analyzed the Instructions for American Servicemen in Britain (1942), Instructions for British Servicemen in France (1944), and Instructions for American Servicemen in France During World War II (1944). We also sought to make a counterpoint of these analyses with the leaflet 112 Gripes about the French (1945), whose objective was to list Americans gripes about the French behavior and provide possible solutions. The first manual, produced in 1942, had the function of instructing the American soldiers sent to fight in Great Britain. The second, to guide British fighters who were going to France in 1944. The third, also produced in 1944, had as an objective to indicate to the Americans the behavior before the French. From this, it was possible to identify those guides as part of a military formation project conceived by the American and British states in order to instruct the soldiers concerning to the behavior before the local inhabitant. As a theoretical reference, we use Norbert Elias’ theory of the Civilizing Process, in which the author analyzes the history of customs from the formation of the Modern National State. Therefore, we observed that besides the militarily efficient combatant, the states tried to form the cosmopolitan-citizen soldier, who should represent the image of his homeland and project a behavior in order to insert himself into the allied culture. / O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar, em perspectiva comparada, manuais de instruções produzidos pelos Estados Unidos e Grã-Bretanha na Segunda Guerra Mundial. Analisamos o Instructions for American Servicemen in Britain (1942), Instructions for British Servicemen in France (1944) e o Instructions for American Servicemen in France During World War II (1944). Também, buscamos fazer um contraponto dessas análises com o folheto 112 Gripes about the French (1945), cujo objetivo foi elencar queixas de comportamentos dos americanos em relação aos franceses e dar possíveis soluções. O primeiro manual que foi produzido em 1942, teve a função de instruir os soldados americanos enviados para lutar na Grã-Bretanha. O segundo, para orientar os combatentes britânicos que se dirigiram à França em 1944. O terceiro, também produzido em 1944, teve como objetivo indicar aos americanos o comportamento diante dos franceses. A partir disso, foi possível identificarmos estes manuais dentro de um projeto de formação militar, pensado pelos Estados americano e britânico a fim de instruírem os soldados sobre o comportamento frente ao habitante local. Como referencial teórico, utilizamos Norbert Elias, na teoria do Processo Civilizador, em que o autor analisa a história dos costumes a partir da formação do Estado Moderno. Assim, observamos que além do combatente eficiente militarmente, os Estados tentaram formar o soldado cidadão cosmopolita, aquele que deveria representar a imagem de sua pátria e projetar um comportamento para se inserir na cultura do aliado. / São Cristóvão, SE

A desktop virtual reality environment of a campus area (called Silcton) was used to examine how instructing participants on performing exploration in an unfamiliar environment impacts the acquired spatial knowledge. Participants explored the Silcton virtual environment, after having received differing instructions on what to do. Two instruction conditions were tested: (i) the participant was provided with instructions to freely explore the Silcton virtual environment for at least 10 minutes (ii) the individual explored the environment while being instructed to pay specific attention to the environment’s layout. By providing different types of instructions before exploring an unfamiliar environment, we can learn more about how the instructions' wording impacts the acquired spatial knowledge, especially when aiming for a particular behavior or memory effects. We also tested for participants’ spatial abilities and observed differences between genders and based on individual differences. The present study shows no statistically significant differences in pointing and model-building scores between any of the tested groups, namely, the different instruction groups, gender, and groups with 'low' and 'high' spatial abilities. Time spent in the environment and pointing error showed a significant negative correlation, which indicates that as experience with the environment increases, participants become better at pointing to targets in the environment. The lack of significant results might be attributed to the overall small sample sizes and/or the distribution of men and women in the two instruction groups. Therefore, for future research a close monitoring of the experimental process and a larger retainment of participants are required to provide solid evidence and draw any general conclusion. / En stationär virtuell verklighetsmiljö på ett campusområde, kallad Silcton, användes för att undersöka hur instruktioner för deltagare relaterat till att utforska okänd miljö påverkar den förvärvade rumsliga kunskapen. Deltagarna utforskade Silctons virtuella miljö, efter att ha fått olika instruktioner om vad de ska göra. Två instruktionsförhållanden testades: (i) deltagaren fick instruktionen att fritt utforska Silctons virtuella miljö i minst 10 minuter (ii) deltagaren fick instruktionen att utforska miljön samtidigt som han skulle ägna särskild uppmärksamhet åt miljöns design. Genom att tillhandahålla olika typer av instruktioner innan vi utforskar en okänd miljö kan vi lära oss mer om hur instruktionernas formulering påverkar den förvärvade rumsliga kunskapen, särskilt när man siktar på ett visst beteende eller visa minneseffekter. Vi testade också för deltagarnas rumsliga förmågor och observerade skillnader mellan könen och individuella skillnader. Resultatet för studien visar inga statistiskt signifikanta skillnader i pek- och modellbyggande poäng mellan någon av de testade grupperna, nämligen de olika instruktionsgrupperna, kön och grupper med "låga" och "höga" rumsliga förmågor. Tid i miljön och pekfel visade en signifikant negativ korrelation, vilket indikerar att när erfarenheten med miljön ökar blir deltagarna bättre på att peka på mål i miljön. Bristen på signifikanta resultat kan hänföras till de övergripande små urvalsstorlekarna och/eller fördelningen av män och kvinnor i de två instruktionsgrupperna. Därför krävs för framtida forskning en noggrann övervakning av den experimentella processen och ett större antal deltagare för att tillhandahålla solida bevis och dra några allmänna slutsatser.

The aim of my thesis is the Construction technological project of nursery school building. The work involves technical report building equipment, technological instruction for selected activities, inspection and test plans, design of mechanical assemblies, transport links, schedule of health and safety, as well as environmental protection, itemized project budget, timetable and building maintenance instructions

Vi har undersökt hur instruktionernas utformning inför deltagande i en kamratrespons påverkar högstadieelevers motivation att lära sig samt måluppfyllelse av kunskapskravet att utforma egen undersökning i ämnet biologi. Efter en kort genomgång av hur en egen undersökning ska utformas fick eleverna från tre åk 7 klasser och två åk 8 klasser i uppgift att utforma en egen undersökning i ämnet biologi. Uppgiften var utformad efter nationella provet del 3 från 2017. Vid nästa lektion blev elever indelade i par efter likvärdig måluppfyllelse. Slumpmässigt fick elevparen antingen förenklade, ospecificerade instruktioner som inbjöd till öppen, elevledd dialog eller detaljerade, punktformade instruktioner som uppmuntrade till en specifik innehåll och samtalsstruktur. Vi genomförde en enkät före och efter deltagandet i kamratresponsen som uppmätte elevens motivation att lära sig de olika kunskapskraven för biologi i högstadiet samt elevens upplevelse av deltagandet och sitt eget lärande. Uppgiften bedömdes efter Skolverkets bedömningsmall för rättning av nationella prov. Vi fann inga belägg för att elevers motivation att lära sig kunskapsmålen i ämnet biologi påverkades av varken kamratrespons som helhet eller instruktionernas utformning. Däremot fann vi en högre förbättringsgrad av måluppfyllelse bland de elever som fick de detaljerade, strukturerade instruktionerna jämfört med de förenklade, öppna instruktionerna. Vi drar slutsatserna att kamratrespons är ett användbart pedagogisk verktyg för att ge individuell formativ bedömning som leder till förbättrad måluppfyllelse under arbetes gång i kunskapskravet att forma egen undersökning och att utformningen av instruktionerna bör vara tydliga och detaljerade för att nå maximal resultat.

This diploma thesis focuses on the Czech language and the Czech cultural background studies teaching in the 5th grade of the Czech division of the Czech and Slovak School & Community Manchester (CSM). Initially, based on the available data, this thesis provides a characterization of the Czech community in the United Kingdom. What follows is a description of the Czech and Slovak School & Community Manchester (CSM) organization, which focuses predominantly on its aims and the form that the Czech language and the Czech cultural background studies teaching of children and adults takes. Subsequently, this thesis provides an analysis of the content of the CSM's School Education Programme and, furthermore, it evaluates the possibility of realizing this programme to the fullest extent within the bounds of the school year. The following parts concentrate on the description of a fifth-grader from the point of view of developmental psychology and the specifics of the CSM students and the teaching of them. The concluding part contains teaching materials created and applied in the 5th grade of CSM by the author of this thesis. The materials take into consideration the uniqueness of the teaching of the CSM students. Concerning the teaching materials, this thesis elaborates on the purposes of their creation,...

This essay aims to investigate theoretically how two currently used coursebooks, What’s Up 9 and Solid Gold 1, in a local area of Southern Sweden, present (introduces and covers) grammar. The overall aim is to investigate how grammar is presented, using the present simple and the present continuous as examples. The findings are also mapped to teaching approaches, as well as SLA (Second Language Acquisition) research, to see what approaches are favoured for teaching grammar in the first decades of the 21st century. In order to investigate the course- books, a qualitative content analysis and conceptual analysis was chosen with the presentation of grammar mapped into different categories, by using concepts for teaching and approaches used in SLA. The results show that the two proposed coursebooks favoured a FoFs (Focus on Forms) approach for presenting grammar. Furthermore, the results show that grammar is pre- sented explicitly and, if the teachers use the structures proposed in the coursebook rigidly, they automatically follow a deductive teaching procedure. When using a FoFs, explicit instructions and taking a deductive teaching approach, it may be regarded as the coursebooks suggest a grammar-translation approach as well. However, when observing other exercises connected to the reading texts in the coursebooks, it was detected that both coursebooks favoured a text- based approach for teaching, where the learners are supposed to learn the structure of different texts. In doing so, the grammatical structures are learned subconsciously and implicitly, which indicates that grammar is, in general, taught implicitly in the coursebooks, but presented (intro- duced and covered) explicitly.