Islands are valuable research systems for evolution and conservation, but most work has focused on oceanic islands. Far less study has occurred on near-shore islands where inter-island and island-mainland dispersal is an important microevolutionary process. Further studies in near-shore systems would aid the expansion of island evolutionary theory and conservation initiatives. In this thesis, I studied populations of Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) on near-shore islands along the Pacific coast of North America to examine the causes and consequences of dispersal for microevolutionary and ecological processes. Within an island metapopulation, where inter-island distances ranged from 200m to 2km, male and female immigration rates were influenced by adult density and sex ratio respectively, suggesting that intrasexual territoriality influences immigration. Islands differed in immigration levels, with low immigration and high resident recruitment on more isolated islands. I next examine genetic structuring at a larger spatial scale (0-300km). I found that the scale of genetic structuring within continuously distributed populations was less than 10km, suggesting that Song Sparrows are a sedentary passerine. Regional comparisons revealed that holding geographic distance constant, larger genetic distances occur in areas located at subspecific boundaries or across water barriers. The apparent reduction in dispersal to islands had broad-scale consequences. Across Pacific Coast islands, island populations consistently had lower genetic variation than mainland populations. Small and remote island populations tended to have the lowest genetic variation. From an in situ conservation stance, populations on large, remote islands could be important contributors to intraspecific genetic diversity because of high genetic differentiation. Finally, I link genetic structuring with contemporary dispersal and show that migration rates among the Channel Islands are low, suggesting that these islands are demographically independent. The absence of shared mtDNA haplotypes between extant and extinct populations suggests that inter-island migration was historically low, potentially explaining why the two extirpated islands have not been recolonized. Collectively, my thesis results increase our understanding of the mechanisms of divergence on insular populations by examining factors affecting dispersal, the spatial scale of divergence and estimating the consequences of reduced gene flow on islands for broad-scale patterns of genetic variation, microevolution and demographic stability.

Islands are valuable research systems for evolution and conservation, but most work has focused on oceanic islands. Far less study has occurred on near-shore islands where inter-island and island-mainland dispersal is an important microevolutionary process. Further studies in near-shore systems would aid the expansion of island evolutionary theory and conservation initiatives. In this thesis, I studied populations of Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) on near-shore islands along the Pacific coast of North America to examine the causes and consequences of dispersal for microevolutionary and ecological processes. Within an island metapopulation, where inter-island distances ranged from 200m to 2km, male and female immigration rates were influenced by adult density and sex ratio respectively, suggesting that intrasexual territoriality influences immigration. Islands differed in immigration levels, with low immigration and high resident recruitment on more isolated islands. I next examine genetic structuring at a larger spatial scale (0-300km). I found that the scale of genetic structuring within continuously distributed populations was less than 10km, suggesting that Song Sparrows are a sedentary passerine. Regional comparisons revealed that holding geographic distance constant, larger genetic distances occur in areas located at subspecific boundaries or across water barriers. The apparent reduction in dispersal to islands had broad-scale consequences. Across Pacific Coast islands, island populations consistently had lower genetic variation than mainland populations. Small and remote island populations tended to have the lowest genetic variation. From an in situ conservation stance, populations on large, remote islands could be important contributors to intraspecific genetic diversity because of high genetic differentiation. Finally, I link genetic structuring with contemporary dispersal and show that migration rates among the Channel Islands are low, suggesting that these islands are demographically independent. The absence of shared mtDNA haplotypes between extant and extinct populations suggests that inter-island migration was historically low, potentially explaining why the two extirpated islands have not been recolonized. Collectively, my thesis results increase our understanding of the mechanisms of divergence on insular populations by examining factors affecting dispersal, the spatial scale of divergence and estimating the consequences of reduced gene flow on islands for broad-scale patterns of genetic variation, microevolution and demographic stability.

Submitted by Josiane ribeiro (josiane.caic@gmail.com) on 2015-04-24T18:13:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Letícia Nunes Gomes.pdf: 884628 bytes, checksum: b65762ed58bd435049dc190f13fb8b8e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vitor de Carvalho (vitor_carvalho_im@hotmail.com) on 2015-05-19T18:20:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Letícia Nunes Gomes.pdf: 884628 bytes, checksum: b65762ed58bd435049dc190f13fb8b8e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-19T18:20:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Letícia Nunes Gomes.pdf: 884628 bytes, checksum: b65762ed58bd435049dc190f13fb8b8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Esta dissertação examina a temática da insularidade no romance A Louca de Serrano, de Dina Salústio. Tema explorado desde os “claridosos”, nesta narrativa possui um significado diferente da tradição literária cabo-verdiana. A insularidade não é vista pelo viés geográfico e sim pelos sentimentos das personagens Filipa e Louca. Personagens que foram isoladas na comunidade serranense por apresentarem o diferente e o novo. A trajetória de Filipa reproduz esse isolamento através da frieza e solidão de seu comportamento. A Louca tem a insularidade imposta a ela pela comunidade como uma tentativa de silenciar o seu discurso. / This thesis examines the theme of insularity in the novel A Louca de Serrano, byDina Salústio. The theme has been explored since the “claridosos” and in this narrativetakes a significance different from that of the Caboverdian literary tradition. Insularity hereis not seen from the geographical point-of-view but from the feelings of the maincharacters, Filipa and Louca (the crazy one). These characters have been isolated withinthe Serranean community for bringing in the different and the new. The trajectory of Filipareproduces this isolation through the coldness and solitude of her behavior. Louca has theinsularity imposed on her as an attempt at silencing her discourse.

Orientador: Fabio Akcelrud Durão / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T02:33:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nacaguma_Simone_D.pdf: 1367922 bytes, checksum: 0e2df912514ae5c6b5a78ceb24805e97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Em comemoração aos quinhentos anos dos Açores, em 1932, Vitorino Nemésio (1901-1978), poeta e ficcionista açoriano, cunhou o neologismo açorianidade a fim de expressar a singularidade da existência do homem açoriano profundamente marcado pela condição de ilhéu. O objetivo desta tese consiste em identificar e analisar alguns elementos medulares de sua açorianidade a partir de um percurso sobre a sua narrativa de ficção. Nosso percurso tem início em seu primeiro romance (Varanda de Pilatos, 1927 ), inclui as três novelas de A Casa Fechada (1937) e finaliza-se em seu último romance, Mau Tempo no Canal (1944). A análise de Varanda de Pilatos e das novelas de A Casa Fechada revelou um caráter ambíguo do feminino, sob diversos aspectos, concebido essencialmente por um sincretismo entre uma ancestralidade mítica pagã e outra cristã. Esse sincretismo se expressou, inicialmente, por meio da evocação dos mitos de Vesta/Vênus e da Virgem Maria. Verificamos, todavia, que esses mitos se desdobram em outros mitos femininos, os quais, por sua vez, guardam todos, por um lado, a matriz do duplo feminino Lilith/Eva; e, por outro, o feminino como expressão de forças ctônicas e telúricas que remontam à mítica clássica. Esse sincretismo, contudo, não se apresenta de forma "estática"; sob uma perspectiva cronológica, essas narrativas espelham uma progressiva diluição desses mitos, o que culmina em Mau Tempo no Canal. Grosso modo, poderíamos dizer que essas narrativas, em certa medida, narram o processo de ocultamento e de sincretismo desses mitos femininos ao mesmo tempo em que narram o seu aburguesamento, visto que, segundo a nossa leitura, é a partir do drama masculino originado no contexto do casamento por interesse que o feminino nemesiano se configura, embora não se limite a esse aspecto. Na verdade, o conflito nemesiano recorrente consiste no casamento por interesse como obstáculo à reunião dos amantes.Assim, poderíamos dizer que o feminino nemesiano é erigido a partir do contexto social insular açoriano, e de sua singular religiosidade, ao mesmo tempo em que se funda em uma concepção mítica da própria Terra, isto é, o feminino nemesiano se caracterizaria, por sua condição liminar entre o local (particular) e o universal, entre o sagrado e o profano, entre o Bem e o Mal, entre a bruxa e a santa, entre o diabo e o divino, entre a sombra do enigma e a luz do conhecimento. Refletir, portanto, sobre a açorianidade de Vitorino Nemésio implica refletir sobre a relação entre o masculino e o feminino insulares, o que acreditamos constituir traço medular de sua açorianidade, isto é, de sua poética / Abstract: In 1932, to celebrate the 500th anniversary of Azores, the azorean poet and fictionist Vitorino Nemésio (1901-1978) coined the neologism 'azoreanity' to express the Azorean's peculiar existence, which was deeply marked by their insular condition. This dissertation intends to identify and analyze some central elements of Nemésio's 'azoreanity' condition through his work of fictional narrative. In order to do that, we examined his first novel Varanda de Pilatos (1927 ), his three short stories in A Casa Fechada (1937) and his last novel, Mau Tempo no Canal (1944). The analysis of Varanda de Pilatos and A Casa Fechada revealed, in some aspects, an ambiguous character of the 'feminine'. The syncretism of a pagan mythical origin and a Christian one, conceived of this ambiguous character. Initially, the syncretism was expressed via the evocation of the myths of Vesta/Venus and of the Virgin Mary. These myths, however, unfolded into other feminine myths, which on the one hand kept the matrix of the double 'feminine' Lilith/Eve, and on the other hand the 'feminine' as the expression of chtonic and telluric forces that go back to Classical Mythology. Nonetheless, this syncretism was not presented in a 'static' fashion. Under a chronological perspective, these narratives mirrowed a progressive 'dilution' of these myths, which culminated in Nemésio's last novel Mau Tempo no Canal.We could say that these narratives, to a certain extent, narrate the process of concealment and syncretism of these feminine myths, and at the same time narrate their mbourgeoisement, since, according to our reading, it is from the masculine drama originated in the context of marriage of convenience that the nemesian 'feminine' is formed, although not exclusively. In fact, the recurrent nemesian conflict consists of the marriage ofconvinience as an obstacle for the reunion of lovers. In this way, we could say that the nemesian 'feminine' was built on the social context of the insular Azorean and their religious peculiarity, and, concomitantly, it was founded in the mythical conception of the Earth; i.e., the nemesian 'feminine' would be characterized by its liminal condition, between the 'local' (restricted) and the 'universal', between the 'sacred' and the 'profane', between Good and Evil, between the witch and the saint, the devil and the 'divine', between the enigma's shadow and the knowledge's light. Therefore, to think of Vitorino Nemésio's 'azoreanity' implies thinking of the relation between the insular 'masculine' and 'feminine', which we believe constitutes the essential trait of his 'azoreanity', i.e., of his poetics / Doutorado / Historia e Historiografia Literaria / Doutor em Teoria e História Literária

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é demonstrar a especificidade do universo insular. Para tal, os conceitos de insularidade, maritimidade, litoralismo, ilheidade e condição arquipelágica foram elencados de modo a abarcar fatores comuns no âmbito da miríade de possibilidades que as ilhas são capazes de ensejar. O intento central foi, assim, explorar esses conceitos por intermédio de representações gráficas capazes de transcender a simples analogia com a realidade, típica dos mapas. Trata-se, pois, do método da Coremática, desenvolvido pelo geógrafo francês Roger Brunet na busca de uma argumentação feita não somente pelas palavras, mas pelas imagens. A princípio, com as possibilidades de representação geométrica existentes, é possível compor uma série de figuras estruturantes ou basilares que, combinada ou individualmente, são capazes de expressar as dinâmicas fundamentais de determinado espaço geográfico. Com efeito, lançou-se mão do método coremático para demonstrar a especificidade da forma insular, tendo, como estudo de caso, Montão de Trigo, uma ilha localizada no litoral norte do estado de São Paulo. Empregou-se, assim, uma modelização gráfica da ilha, a partir da qual se foi capaz de identificar determinados traços distintivos, tais quais a relação terra-mar; as ligações internas e externas; as centralidades intrainsulares; as formas de compartimentar o território; o direito de propriedade e o direito de uso do espaço insular; os graus de antropização; e, finalmente, o papel da influência marítima no assentamento humano. / This work shows the specific feature of the islands. To do so, we used the concepts of insularity, maritime dimension, coastal condition, sense of belonging to an island and archipelagic nature, that can describe different situations related to the islands. The main idea was to present these concepts by using some graphical depictions, which can go beyond the simple analogy with geographical reality that the maps usually present; by using, therefore, a method that could argue with images instead of words: the Chorématique, developed by the French geographer Roger Brunet. Firstly, with the current representation possibilities in terms of geometry, Brunet proposed some basic or structural images that can be used (separately or jointly) in different situations to show the most important aspects of a region. By applying this method to demonstrate the island distinctiveness, we created some basic images as well as Brunet done. Then, we presented a graphic model that shows the essential geography of Montão de Trigo, a small island in the northern coast of São Paulo State, Brazil. Among all the features of the island, there are different types of phenomena: relationships between ocean and land; domestic and foreign linkages; center places; natural and human regions; ownership and rights of use the land; degrees of human intervention; and, finally, the maritime influences in the process of human settlement.

Islands are valuable research systems for evolution and conservation, but most work has focused on oceanic islands. Far less study has occurred on near-shore islands where inter-island and island-mainland dispersal is an important microevolutionary process. Further studies in near-shore systems would aid the expansion of island evolutionary theory and conservation initiatives. In this thesis, I studied populations of Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) on near-shore islands along the Pacific coast of North America to examine the causes and consequences of dispersal for microevolutionary and ecological processes. Within an island metapopulation, where inter-island distances ranged from 200m to 2km, male and female immigration rates were influenced by adult density and sex ratio respectively, suggesting that intrasexual territoriality influences immigration. Islands differed in immigration levels, with low immigration and high resident recruitment on more isolated islands. I next examine genetic structuring at a larger spatial scale (0-300km). I found that the scale of genetic structuring within continuously distributed populations was less than 10km, suggesting that Song Sparrows are a sedentary passerine. Regional comparisons revealed that holding geographic distance constant, larger genetic distances occur in areas located at subspecific boundaries or across water barriers. The apparent reduction in dispersal to islands had broad-scale consequences. Across Pacific Coast islands, island populations consistently had lower genetic variation than mainland populations. Small and remote island populations tended to have the lowest genetic variation. From an in situ conservation stance, populations on large, remote islands could be important contributors to intraspecific genetic diversity because of high genetic differentiation. Finally, I link genetic structuring with contemporary dispersal and show that migration rates among the Channel Islands are low, suggesting that these islands are demographically independent. The absence of shared mtDNA haplotypes between extant and extinct populations suggests that inter-island migration was historically low, potentially explaining why the two extirpated islands have not been recolonized. Collectively, my thesis results increase our understanding of the mechanisms of divergence on insular populations by examining factors affecting dispersal, the spatial scale of divergence and estimating the consequences of reduced gene flow on islands for broad-scale patterns of genetic variation, microevolution and demographic stability. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

Une meilleure compréhension de l’origine et de l’évolution de la diversité du vivant nécessite de développer des approches biogéographiques basées sur la phylogéographie. Ce travail de thèse considère ainsi la structure phylogéographique du myrte commun (Myrtus communis L., Myrtaceae), plante caractéristique et commune des matorrals de Méditerranée, et ses liens de parenté avec le myrte de Nivelle (Myrtus nivellei Batt. & Trab.), endémique des montagnes du Sahara central. Un des objectifs consiste à examiner plus particulièrement l’influence de la paléogéographie et des changements climatiques sur la diversité génétique de ces deux taxons. La démarche choisie se veut intégrative, en combinant données génétiques (séquençage et génotypage multiloci), paléobotaniques, modélisation de l'évolution moléculaire, polymorphisme et héritabilité de la croissance en conditions contrôlées, et modélisation de la niche bioclimatique. L’analyse de 173 populations de myrte commun et de 23 populations de myrte de Nivelle a révélé un fort signal phylogéographique, dont le cadre spatio-temporel provient de la datation des divergences et de la reconstruction des aires ancestrales au sein de phylogénies moléculaires établies grâce aux méthodes bayésiennes d’analyse phylogénétique. Trois résultats principaux peuvent être présentés. (i) A partir d’une origine remontant au début du Miocène, l’histoire du myrte commun se résume à deux périodes de diversification associées aux changements environnementaux survenus à la transition Miocène / Pliocène, et au cours du Pléistocène. Si un phénomène de vicariance ancien a conduit à l’isolement d’une lignée est-méditerranéenne, des phénomènes récents de diversification ont été détectés à l’ouest avec migration en retour vers l’est de la Méditerranée, mais aussi vers la Macaronésie et vers le Sahara. (ii) Au cœur des montagnes-refuges du Sahara central, l’alternance des périodes humides et arides serait à l’origine de l’isolement des populations de myrte de Nivelle par massif et d'une forte érosion génétique. Cette forte différenciation régionale s'accompagne de flux de gènes au sein des massifs, et de multiplication végétative. (iii) Enfin, l’absence de divergence des populations insulaires méditerranéennes comme la Corse, contraste avec la persistance sur le long terme de lignées aux Açores et à Madère, et avec la spéciation au Sahara du myrte de Nivelle. La discussion de ces résultats s'ouvre sur de nouvelles perspectives en phylogéographie comparative, en génomique et en biogéographie de la conservation. / A better understanding of the origin and evolution of the diversity of life requires the development of biogeographical approaches based on the phylogeography. This PhD thesis study considers the phylogeographical structure of the Common Myrtle (Myrtus communis L., Myrtaceae), a characteristic and common plant of the Mediterranean matorral, and its relationship with the Nivelle Myrtle (Myrtus nivellei Batt. & Trab.), endemic to the central Saharan mountains. An objective is also to examine especially the influence of palaeogeography and climatic changes on the genetic diversity of these two taxa. Our approach aims at being integrative, combining palaeobotanical data, genetic data (sequencing and multilocus genotyping), modeling of molecular evolution, polymorphism and heritability of the growth in controlled conditions, and modeling of bioclimatic niche. The analysis of 173 populations of the Common Myrtle and 23 populations of the Nivelle Myrtle reveals a strong phylogeographical signal, whose spatio-temporal framework was provided by the dating of divergences and the reconstruction of ancestral areas within the molecular phylogenies using Bayesian analytical methods. Three main results can be highlighted. (i) With an origin dated to the early Miocene, the history of M. communis can be summarized by two periods of diversification associated with the environmental changes occurring in the Miocene/Pliocene transition and in the Pleistocene. A vicariance phenomenon has induced the isolation of an eastern Mediterranean lineage. Recent diversification events have also been detected in the western part of the Mediterranean Basin, with in-return migration to the eastern Mediterranean, and also dispersal to the Azores and Madeira islands, and to the Sahara. (ii) Within the refugia-mountains of the Central Sahara, the alternation of wet and dry periods seems to have induced the isolation of the populations of M. nivellei per mountain range, with a strong genetic erosion. In parallel to this high regional differentiation, gene flows within these mountain ranges and vegetative multiplication have been detected. (iii) Finally, the absence of divergence of Mediterranean insular populations of M. communis contrasts with the long-term persistence of Myrtle lineages restricted to the Azores and Madeira islands, and to the speciation of M. nivellei in the Sahara. The discussion of these results provides new perspectives on comparative phylogeography, genomics and conservation biogeography.

Depuis quelques années, l’île colombienne de San Andrés fait beaucoup parler d’elle, particulièrement par rapport aux problèmes démographiques et la position défensive que certains de ses habitants ont adoptée face aux politiques gouvernementales. Leur position de refus contre les politiques du gouvernement central se traduit par des revendications ethniques et culturelles et par un désir d’autonomie qui s’appuie sur la nouvelle Constitution politique de 1991. Cependant, obnubilés par ce conflit politique, les travaux de recherche menés à San Andrés oublient souvent un élément important : les rapports sociaux entre les habitants insulaires. Ce travail prétend apporter un nouveau regard sur l’ethnohistoire, la mémoire et le présent des relations sociales et généalogiques de la société de San Andrés. En partant du point de vue des généalogies et de l’anthropologie de la parenté, son objectif est de comprendre les formes d’organisation sociale, culturelle et religieuse afin d’élucider le rôle et l’importance des unions mixtes et leurs descendants dans la société de San Andrés d’aujourd’hui. / In recent years, much attention has been paid to the Colombian island of San Andrés, focusing primarily on demographic problems and the defensive posture displayed by some of the island’s residents regarding central government policies. This posturing manifests itself through ethnic and cultural identity claims and a desire for political autonomy, which are legitimated by the 1991 Constitution. However, blindsided by the idea of a political conflict, the research done on San Andrés often omits a key aspect of life on the island: the social relationships that link its inhabitants to one another. This research aims to shed a new light on the ethnohistory and memory as well as the social and genealogical relationships that shape San Andrés’s present day society. From a genealogical point of view based in kinship studies and a thorough understanding of this society’s social, cultural and religious organization, this study’s objective is to identify the role and importance of mixed relationships and their descendants on San Andrés’s society today.

Il est communément admis que, vers l’année 95 de notre ère, l’apôtre Jean fut exilé à Patmos par l’empereur Domitien. C’est sur cette île que Jean l’Évangéliste aurait écrit l’Apocalypse. Puis, après avoir traversé le premier millénaire après Jésus-Christ dans l’indifférence, c’est au XIe siècle, sous la domination byzantine, que Patmos reprend vie avec l’arrivée du moine Christodoulos, à qui Alexis Ier Comnène a cédé l’île. Il y fait bâtir en 1088 le monastère de Saint-Jean-le-théologien. On assiste alors à une profonde mutation de l’île, qui vécut désormais au rythme du monastère, d’où le titre de notre thèse : « île-monastère ». Notre travail part de cette fondation et se propose d’étudier l’activité de l’île jusqu’à l’occupation ottomane au XVIe siècle. Au cours de ces cinq siècles, Patmos connaît les dominations successives des Byzantins et des Vénitiens, mais contre vents et marées le monastère veille à rester indépendant. Nous nous interrogerons sur les moyens employés par les moines pour rester maîtres de leur île et sur les conséquences qui en découlèrent, sur les plans économique et culturel. / History and economy of a monastery-island: Patmos (11th - 16th century). It is widely accepted that around the year 95 A.D, John the apostle was sent to exile to Patmos by the emperor Domitian. John the Evangelist is said to have written the Apocalypse on this island. From the next 1000 years or so, the island was treated with relative indifference by outsiders. It was in the 11th century, under Byzantine rule, that the island of Patmos came to life with the arrival of the monk Christodoulos to whom emperor Alexis I Comnenos gave the island. There, in the year 1088, he had the monastery St John the Theologian built.It was at this point that the island underwent a radical transformation, its daily life being dictated by the rhythm of the monastery, hence the title of our thesis : "monastery-island".This lays the foundation of our work which offers a study of the activity of the island up until the Ottoman occupation in the 16th century. For the next five centuries, Patmos is subjected to the successive Byzantine and Venitian dominations, however the monastery makes sure to remain independant. We will thus reflect upon the means used by the monks to maintain control over their island, along with both the economical and cultural consequences that arose from them.

Cette thèse d’arts plastiques s’appuie sur ma pratique personnelle. Toutes deux interrogent les contradictions que soulèvent le concept d’insularité et la conscience d’être sur une île qui détermine la condition insulaire (Bonnemaison, Péron). Le rapport à l’extériorité parait ici primordial. Entre ouverture et enfermement : entre l’ici et l’ailleurs, l’eau qui borde l’île est source de tensions. Par cette apparition d’un lointain si proche soit-il (Benjamin) du lieu ou du non-lieu (Augé), l’insularité relève d’un intervalle qui nous interroge et nous fascine. Dans l’île mais aussi dans l’œuvre d’art, qu’est-ce qui lui donnesa forme, en définitive ? Ma production personnelle qui met en jeu transparences, stratifications et décalages convoque l’intervalité. Elle sous-tend des questionnements que nous développerons à la lumière de théories esthétiques déterminantes. Il s’agit de vérifier l’hypothèse selon laquelle les tensions de l’insularité ouvrent à la création artistique. Nous étudierons des structures insulaires comme celle du désert et du labyrinthe (Jabès, Parmiggiani). Les ruptures et liens rhizomatiques (Deleuze) conditionnent toute démarche créatrice. L’enjeu, à la lumière de théories reposant sur l’étude des entre-deux, qu’ils soient physiques (Lestocart), anthropologiques (Buci-Glucksmann), ou encore psychanalytiques (Winnicott), est de mettre au jour les conditions de manifestation des phénomènes poïétiques. L’élucidation des contradictions insulaires et artistiques représente un itinéraire complexe, reposant sur plusieurs niveaux d’interprétation simultanés. Du champ sémantique proposé émerge alors l’expérience artistique et inversement. A l’instar des réseaux mondiaux, les ramifications de cette réflexion sur l’insularité nous mèneront au dépassement de la conscience rhizomatique de nos conditions d’existence stratifiées par des intervalles ; conscience que nous nommerons « l’espace de conciliation ». / This thesis is based on my personal practice. Both of them interrogate the contradictions triggered by the concept of insularity and the awareness of being on an island, which determines the condition of insularity (Bonnemaison, Péron). Here, the relation to exteriority appears to be essential. Between the here and the elsewhere, between openness and confinement : the water surrounding the island is a source of tension. Withthe apparition of a distance, however near it may be (Benjamin), of a place or a non-place (Augé), the insularity involves an interval that questions and fascinates us. How does the insularity eventually shape the island and the work of art ? My work attempts to answer this question through the use of transparencies, stratifications and displacements, which summons up the concept of intervality. Questionnings stemming from this concept will bedevelopped in the light of decisive aesthetic theories. My attempt is to test the assumption that tensions emerging from insularity enable artistic creation. My study will ponder on insular structures such as the desert and the labyrinth (Jabès, Parmiggiani), and on the ways splits and rhizomatic links influence all artistic process. My goal is to highlight the conditions in which these poietic phenomena may arise, using theories drawing upon thestudy of in-betweens, be they physical (Lestocart), anthropological (Buci-Glucksmann) or psychoanalytical (Lacan). Solving insular and artistic contradictions involves a complex route building on several simultaneous levels of interpretation. Thus the artistic experience emerges from the semantic field set forth, and conversely. In the manner of global networks, the ramifications of this reflection on insularity will lead us to overcome the rhizomatic consciousness of our conditions of existence, which are stratified by intervals. This specific consciousness will here be called “the space of conciliation”.