Abstract in English, Venda and Zulu / Workplace wellness, organisational commitment and retention play a phenomenal role in organisations. Insurance companies form part of the organisations affected by retention of employees. Employees need to be physically, spiritually, socially, emotionally, intellectually, occupationally and environmentally well to perform, commit and remain in the organisation for longer. The objective of the study was to (i) establish a relationship between workplace wellness, organisational commitment and retention among employees of an insurance organisation in Johannesburg, (ii) to establish whether a relationship exists between the variables and the demographics age, gender, race groups, marital status and education levels. A deductive quantitative research method with systematic sampling was utilized to gather and evaluate the data in a sample of 726 randomly selected participants. A 22.59% response rate was obtained. The findings indicate significant relationships between the respondents', workplace wellness, organisational commitment and retention, also between workplace wellness, retention and education level. This is an indication that workplace wellness and organisational commitment has an influence on retaining employees and that employees with a level of education attest to that. No significant relations found between variables workplace wellness, organisational commitment, retention and the biographical variables age, gender, marital status, employment levels. No significant relations were found between organisational commitment and education level. The findings of this research contribute to the existing body of knowledge by providing human resource managers and practitioners with insights on specific commitment and retention strategies that will make employees commit and remain longer in the organisation. An important understanding gained on retention strategies will assist human resource managers to design relevant interventions to have committed employees and retain them. / Impilonhle emsebenzini, ukuzibophezela kwabasebenzi enhlanganweni kanye nokugcinwa kwabasebenzi kudlala indima enkulu ezinhlanganweni. Izinkampani zomshwalense ziyingxenye yezinhlangano ezithintekayo ekugcinweni kwabasebenzi. Abasebenzi kumele babe sesimweni esihle ngokomzimba, ngokomphefumulo, ngokwemizwa, ngokwengqondo, ngokomsebenzi kanye nangokwesimo semvelo abaphila kusona ukuze bakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wabo kahle futhi bahlale isikhathi eside enhlanganweni. Injongo yalolu cwaningo kwabe (i) kuwukubheka nokuthola ubudlelwano phakathi kwempilonhle emsebenzini, ukuzibophezela kwabasebenzi enhlanganweni kanye nokugcinwa kwabasebenzi ezinhlanganweni zomshwalense eGoli, (ii) ukuthola ukuthi bukhona yini ubudlelwano phakathi kwezimo ezintathu ezishiwo ngenhla (impilonhle emsebenzini, ukuzibophezela kwabasebenzi enhlanganweni kanye nokugcinwa kwabasebenzi) kanye nezici eziphathelene nabantu ezinjengeminyaka yobudala, ubulili, uhlanga/ibala lomuntu, isimo somshado kanye namazinga emfundo. Kwasetshenziswa i-deductive quantitative research method ehambisana ne-systematic sampling ukuqoqa nokuhlola idatha kubabambiqhaza bocwangino abangama-726 ababeqokwe ngaphandle kokulandela indlela ethile ehlelekile. Kwatholakala izinga lokuphendula (response rate) elingama-22.59%. Imiphumela yocwaningo ibonisa ukuba khona kobudlelwano obukhulu phakathi kwempilonhle emsebenzini, ukuzibophezela kwabasebenzi enhlanganweni kanye nokugcinwa kwabasebenzi; futhi bukhona ubudlelwano phakathi kwempilonhle emsebenzini nokugcinwa kwabasebenzi kanye nezinga lemfundo. Lokhu kuyinkomba yokuthi impilonhle emsebenzini kanye nokuzibophezela kwabasebenzi enhlanganweni kunawo umthelela ekugcinweni kwabasebenzi futhi abasebenzi abanezinga elithile lemfundo bawubufakazi balokho. Abukho ubudlelwano obuphawulekayo obatholakala phakathi kwezimo ezinjengempilonhle emsebenzini, ukuzibophezela kwabasebenzi enhlanganweni kanye nokugcinwa kwabasebenzi kanye nezici eziphathelene nabantu ezinjengeminyaka yobudala, ubulili, isimo somshado kanye namazinga okuqashwa. Futhi abukho ubudlelwano obuphawulekayo obatholakala phakathi kokuzibophezela kwabasebenzi enhlanganweni kanye nezinga lemfundo. Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo ifaka isandla olwazini olukhona njengamanje ngokuhlinzeka abaphathi kanye nabasebenzi beminyango yezindaba zabasebenzi ngolwazi oluzobalekelela ukuthi bakwazi ukuqonda kahle amaqhingasu athile aphathelene nokuzibophezela kwabasebenzi kanye nokugcinwa kwabo emsebenzini okuyinto ezokwenza ukuthi abasebenzi bazibophezele futhi bahlale isikhathi eside enhlanganweni. Ukuqonda amaqhingasu okugcinwa kwabasebenzi kuzolekelela abaphathi beminyango yezindaba zabasebenzi ukuthi bakwazi ukwenza izinhlelo zokungenelela ezifanelekile ukuze babe nabasebenzi abazibophezele futhi babagcine emsebenzini. / Mutakalo mushumoni, u ḓikumedzela ha tshiimiswa na u dzudza zwi shela mulenzhe nga huhulu kha tshiimiswa. Khamphani dza ndindakhombo dzi vhumba tshipiḓa tsha zwiimiswa zwo khwameaho zwa u dzudza vhatholwa mushumoni. Vhatholwa vha tea u vha vhe na mutakalo muvhilini, muyani, matshilisano, mielekanyo, vhuṱali, mushumo na vhupo havhuḓi u kona u shuma, u ḓikumedzela, na u dzula kha tshiimiswa lwa tshifhinga tshilapfu. Ndivho ya ngudo ho vha u (i) thoma vhushaka vhukati ha mutakalo mushumoni, u ḓikumedzela ha tshiimiswa na u dzudza vhukati ha vhatholwa vha tshiimiswa tsha ndindakhombo ngei Johannesburg, (ii) u vhona arali hu na vhushaka vhukati ha zwishanduwaho na vhukale ha tshandukisatshivhumbeo, mbeu, zwigwada zwa mirafho, nyimele ya mbingano na vhuimo ha pfunzo. Kuitele kwa ṱhoḓisiso dzo no itwaho nga vhaṅwe kwa khwaḽithethivi na vhukhethatsumbonanguludzwa kwo shumiswa u kuvhanganya na u ela data kha tsumbonanguludzwa dza 726 dza vhadzheneli vho nangwaho nga nḓila ye zwa itea ngayo. Ho waniwa phimo ya u fhindula ya 22.59%. Mawanwa a sumbedzisa vhushaka ha ndeme vhukati ha vhafhinduli vha mutakalo mushumoni, u dzudza na u ḓikumedzela ha tshiimiswa; na vhukati ha mutakalo mushumoni, u dzudza na vhuimo ha pfunzo. Heyi ndi tsumbo ya uri mutakalo mushumoni na u ḓikumedzela ha tshiimiswa zwi na ṱhuṱhuwedzo kha u dzudza vhatholwa na uri vhatholwa na vha re na vhuimo ha pfunzo vho zwi khwaṱhisedza. A huna vhushaka ha ndeme he ha wanala vhukati ha zwishanduwaho zwa mutakalo mushumoni, u ḓikumedzela ha tshiimiswa na u dzudza, vhukale ha zwishanduwaho zwa nganeavhutshilo, mbeu, nyimele ya mbingano na vhuimo ha mushumo. Mawanwa a ṱhoḓisiso iyi o shela mulenzhe kha ndivho ya tshiimiswa i re hone nga u ṋetshedza ndivho vhalanguli vha zwiko zwa vhashumi na vhashumeli nga ha u ḓikumedzela ho tiwaho na zwiṱirathedzhi zwa u dzudza zwine zwa ḓo ita uri vhatholwa vha ḓikumedzele nga vhone vhaṋe kha, na u dzula tshifhinga tshilapfu kha tshiimiswa. U pfesesa zwi tshi elana na zwiṱirathedzhi zwa u dzudza zwi ḓo thusa vhalanguli vha zwiko zwa vhashumi u dzudzanya u dzhenelela ho teaho u vha na vhatholwa vho ḓikumedzelaho na u vha dzudza. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)

Le traitement juridique de l’évolution du risque tend à pallier le déséquilibre né de l’influence du temps sur le contrat d’assurance. Les règles applicables aux relations entre les parties elles-mêmes s’y attèlent en priorité en recherchant le rééquilibrage du contrat d’assurance. Cet équilibre est restauré automatiquement, lorsque l’évolution atteint l’assiette ou la valeur du risque. La prime et l’indemnité sont directement ajustées par rapport au risque. En revanche, si l’évolution, à la hausse comme à la baisse, affecte l’ampleur du risque entendu comme la probabilité et/ou l’intensité de sa réalisation, l’adaptation du contrat devra être négociée. C’est de l’attitude des parties que dépendra l’issue de ces négociations. Le contrat qui ne peut être adapté est anéanti afin de contenir les conséquences de l’évolution du risque. C’est ainsi que son annulation sanctionne l’assuré qui manifeste sa mauvaise foi à l’occasion de l’aggravation du risque. C’est que la couverture du risque aggravé sans adaptation des conditions de la garantie met à mal l’équilibre de la mutualité. En revanche, la caducité s’avère être la seule issue du contrat en cas de disparition totale du risque. L’assureur n’assumant plus aucune obligation, il en résulte la restitution prorata temporis de la prime pour la période non couverte.La remise en cause des obligations initialement convenues n’est pas toujours offerte aux parties. Les variations procédant de l’insécurité juridique ou affectant certains risques spécifiques à l’assurance de personnes ne se prêtent pas à la reconsidération du lien contractuel. L’inadaptabilité du contrat est alors absolue. Elle devient relative lorsque, comme c’est le cas en assurance de dommages, l’assureur perd, postérieurement à l’évolution, le droit d’invoquer ses prérogatives légales, alors même que le contrat aurait normalement pu être adapté. Face à l’impossibilité de remédier au plan contractuel aux conséquences de l’évolution du risque, il convient de rechercher le rétablissement de l’équilibre financier de l’opération d’assurance elle-même, tant dans l’intérêt de l’assureur que dans celui de la mutualité. Le droit des entreprises d’assurance est d’un grand secours, qui permet à l’assureur de faire face à ses engagements quand évolue le risque. Le provisionnement des variations de risque et le respect des exigences de solvabilité lui assurent, en toutes circonstances, la disponibilité des fonds suffisants pour garantir ses engagements vis-à-vis des assurés. Pour les sociétés à forme mutualiste, le rajustement des cotisations constitue, en outre, un atout majeur permettant d’équilibrer les cotisations des adhérents en fonction des charges de sinistre. / The legal treatment of the evolution of the risk tends to alleviate the imbalance arisen from the influence of time on the insurance contract. Rules related to party’s relationship try in priority to address this issue by looking for the restoration of a balance in the insurance contract. This balance is restored automatically when the evolution reaches the base or the value of the risk. The premium and the allowance are directly adjusted in relation to the risk. When the evolution, upward or downward, affects the scale of the risk, that is the probability or intensity of its occurrence, the adaptation of the contract will be negotiated. It is from the attitude of the parties that depends the issue of the negotiations. The contract which cannot be adapted is destroyed in order to contain the misdeeds of the evolution of the risk. That is the reason why its cancellation sanctioned the bad faith of the insured on the occasion of the worsening of the risk. This is because the coverage of the aggravated risk without adaptation of the conditions of the warranty puts in danger the balance of the mutuality. On the other hand, the sunsetting appears to be the only solution to the contract in case of total disappearance of the risk. The insurer not assuming anymore its obligations, this results on the refund prorata temporis of the advanced premium.The breach of contract is not always offered to the parties. Variations proceeding of the legal uncertainty and specific risks in the insurance of persons do not lend parties to the questioning of their relationship. The unsuitability of the contract is therefore absolute. It becomes relative when, in the case of insurance of damages, the insurer loses, subsequently to the evolution of risk, his right to invoke its legal prerogatives, although the contract could have normally been adapted. Giving that contractual impossibility to control the consequences of the evolution of the risk, it is necessary to reach the balance of the insurance technique of mutualizing, both in the interest of insurer and that of mutuality. Insurance company Law allows the insurer to meet its commitments when the risk evolves. The provisioning of all risk variations and the respect of the solvency requirements ensure, in any circumstance, the availability of sufficient funds to ensure its commitments towards policyholders. For mutual insurance companies, the adjustment of premium constitutes, in addition, a major asset to balance, at the end of a year, the contributions of their members on the basis of the charge of disaster.

As a medium-sized life insurance company Assupol Life provide life insurance products to clients within government departments, although the company entered the broader private market. The enactment of the Financial Advisory and Intermediary Services Act, 2002 and the Financial Intelligence Centre Act, 2001 impacted financial service providers and the research analysed the influence of regulation on managerial decision making, marketing and sales, finance, human resources, training and the structures within the organisation to comply with the legislation. The study endeavoured to determine the influence of regulation on the company and the measures implemented by the management of Assupol Life. The research results confirmed that the primary challenge faced by the company is to find a balance between compliance, managing human capital and creating value for shareholders. The major impact of the legislation involves the human resource- and training functions and the study illustrated that other influences was less severe. / Business Administration / M. Tech. (Business Administration)

In my thesis, I deal with the issue of perception of health insurance companies in the South Bohemian Region. That is, how South Bohemian citizens perceive health insurance companies and whether they are satisfied with the services that health insurance companies provide. In the theoretical part, I present basic information about public health insurance system in the Czech Republic. I mention the history of health insurance evolution, its systems, and principles of its operation. I also deal with legislature which is the cornerstone of this system. Most of the laws were passed in the 1990?s when the Czech Republic began to develop the current version of health insurance. Since its inception, these laws have been amended several times. Public health insurance system in our country is based on the Bismarck model, which is based on the existence of multiple health insurance companies and contractual relationships between health insurance companies and health care facilities. Furthermore, the theoretical part refers about health insurance companies as such, whose activities are governed by Act No. 551/1991 Coll., on the General Health Insurance Company, and Act No. 280/1992 Coll., on departmental, professional, occupational and other health insurance companies. The practical part describes the results of my research focused on the aforementioned issue of perception of health insurance companies in the South Bohemian Region. The results have been obtained through quantitative analysis. The method of questioning, the technique of questionnaires, was used. In this research, two of three assumed hypotheses have been confirmed. The research shows that health insurance clients in the South Bohemian Region are satisfied with local and time availability of their health insurance company subsidiaries. Furthermore, the research carried out shows that citizens respect the opinion of their general practitioners on the selection of their health insurance company. In contrast, what good (preventive) programs health insurance companies offer is not crucial for citizens when selecting a health insurance company. The knowledge gained can form the basis for further research, but it can also serve to health insurance companies themselves to improve their services. The issue of health care and health insurance companies is still a topic of current concern, both in the political field and for the general public.

The thesis provides an overview of consumer protection in the financial markets in the Czech Republic. The focus is on the legislative system of client protection in commercial banking, which includes consumer credit, protecting consumer deposits and system of payments. Furthermore, this thesis deals with capital markets, focusing on consumer protection resulting from the implementation of MiFID in the legal system of the Czech Republic. The last segment of the financial markets defined in this thesis is the insurance industry. Each area of consumer protection is complemented by illustrations of current cases and includes an evaluation of the effectiveness of certain legal measures and revealing the weaknesses in each segment. Beyond the legislative framework are also described activities in the area of consumer protection by major institutions, in particular the activities of the Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic, Czech Financial Arbitrator, Deposit Insurance Fund and the Guarantee Fund. To add to the comprehensiveness of the overview of consumer protection in the financial markets, additional protective measures were included (Institute of debt relief, distraint of debtor, protection of personal data of clients of financial institutions).

Technical provisions representthe most important item of the liabilities of insurance companies. First chapter of this thesis deals with the characteristics and the sense of provisions in any accounting entity. The next chapters are concerned with the regulation of provisions according to the current czech account and tax law and to the IAS/IFRS. The next chapter is the most extensive. This chapter describes technical provisions and rules for their creation, accountig, measurement according to the current valid law in the Czech republic. The subchapters describe the particular technical provisions and their differenties and calculation. The related topics of the reinsurance and the financial placing are presented here too. The examplas for accounting of the technical provisions int the life and the non-life insurance company are shown in the practical part of this thesis.

Considering the insufficient current state of theory in the field of the insurance companies' valuation, the aim of this dissertation thesis was firstly to comprehensively analyze issues of commercial insurance companies' valuation and secondly to develop an appropriate body of knowledge that could contribute to the development of a practical methodology to be used in valuation practice. This dissertation thesis is divided into three consecutive parts. The first part assessed the accounting issues of commercial insurance companies with an impact on financial analysis and planning and on further procedure of insurance companies' valuation. In this section, the structure of financial statements of insurance companies was described and specific items of financial statements were discussed, especially concerning financial investments and technical reserves. The book keeping methods, reporting and testing while abiding to the Czech accounting regulations were analyzed. As well as, different accounting procedures required by IFRS or US GAAP were pointed out. Moreover, specific ratios convenient for a financial analysis of insurance companies were recorded. For an overall rating of the financial health, the value creation test was suggested in an equity form. Subsequently, the value drivers of insurance company were identified and recommendations for the complex processes of financial planning were given. Such a complex financial planning process should include a strategic analysis applicable for the purposes of a premium growth rate forecast. The second part includes the various methods of valuation, such as income approach, asset approach and relative valuation. Application of conventional valuation techniques was assessed and necessary modifications of classical methodology were suggested with respect to the specifics of the insurance market. Special attention has been paid to the fair value reporting of certain balance sheet items, as well as the creation of hidden reserves, respectively hidden debt. Modifications of valuation formulas were stated and/or suggested per each introduced method. The scope of this part also included methods of Embedded Value and Appraisal Value, which are used in practice for reporting purposes in the fields of life insurance, and their applicability in the field of business valuation was then assessed. The third part contains an extensive empirical study that focuses on one of the methods of the valuation multiples estimation, for the purposes of life insurance companies, namely so-called sector regressions. Analysis and testing were performed on historical data of traded life insurance companies from Europe, the USA and Canada for the period of 2000 to 2011. Only profitable companies were taken into account in each given year. Data were drawn from S&P Capital IQ database. Multiples MV/E, MV/BV, MV/Prem and D/MV, which were identified as utilizable (dependent variables) in the theoretical part of this thesis, were tested together with 13 financial indicators of life insurance companies (independent variables). Extreme observations of the tested multiples, as well as the indicators, were removed. The major outcome of this empirical study is firstly an identification of key financial indicators which have a major impact on valuation multiples of life insurance companies, and secondly, computation of time consistent regression formulas. Such formulas make for a relatively simple tool for the estimation of valuation multiples (and subsequently market value) of non-traded life insurance companies based on key financial indicators.

The research revolves on the emergence of globalisation, change, competition, work pressure, and risks among others which have exposed insurance employees to work stress that can interfere with home activities. The research purpose was to determine the relationship between work stress, work-home interference, and organisational culture among insurance employees in the Zimbabwean context. The sample consisted of 240 participants, from which data was collected from 190 employees who responded to the questionnaires. The questionnaires were analysed using SPSS, internal consistency reliability analysis, and the inter-correlation analysis. The inferential statistics used were multiple linear regression and one way ANOVA. Substantial positive and negative correlations were noted for the six sub-scales of the Occupational roles questionnaire (ORQ), negative work-home interference (NWHI) and positive work-home interference (PWHI) scales, and the three sub-scales of the Organisational culture index (OCI). The research concluded that different measures should be taken to manage work stressors, depending on the organisational culture, and its employees to prevent spill-over which contributes to negative work-home interference. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Diploma thesis is target the tackle the questions insurance portfolio Vyškov town in Moravia. The aim of this work is to analyze the risk of the city, to compare existing insurance protection, with the possibilities offered by a competitor with regard to the property and responsibility of the city and to propose such an insurance portfolio, which would correspond in all ideas of the members of the city and which would minimize the risk

The diploma thesis deals with architecture of financial institutions in Prague - banks, savings banks and insurance companies - from the middle of the 19th century (when the first representative headquarters of financial institution in Prague was built) to 1939. The research of the thesis is focused on territory of Prague New Town, which is included in town area of Prague 1, where the highest concentration of these financial buildings was in whole research period. The diploma thesis will register and interpret individual headquarters of financial institution in Prague in historical, economic and political context within the Czech lands and the Habsburg monarchy, then also within the Czechoslovak Republic; and in the context of urban and wider architectural development in Prague and Europe too. Key words: Architecture, urbanism, banks, savings banks, insurance companies, 19th and 20th century, Prague, Bohemia, Czechoslovakia, historic style, Art Nouveau, cubism, neo-classicism, functionalism.