<p style="text-align: justify;">U radu je razvijen jedan matematički model za simuliranje ponašanja nekih važnih radnih parametara motora SUS, kada u njegovom usisnom sistemu postoje neispravnosti tipa: &bdquo;nepredviđeni ulaz vazduha u usisni kolektor&ldquo;, &bdquo;pogrešno očitavanje senzora masenog protoka vazduha&ldquo;, &bdquo;pogrešno očitavanje senzora pritiska u usisnom kolektoru&ldquo;, &bdquo;pogrešno očitavanje senzora temperature u usisnom kolektoru&ldquo; i &bdquo;umanjen EGR protok&ldquo;. Na osnovu rezultata ovog modela predložen je novi dijagnostički koncept, u okviru kojeg je razvijen jedan model za prepoznavanje pomenutih neispravnosti. Predloženi koncept je proveren na realnim podacima, prikupljenim ispitivanjem jednog stvarnog motora u laboratorijskim uslovima, pri čemu su dobijeni zadovoljavajući rezultati.</p> / <p>A mathematical model capable of simulating some important IC engine operating parameters behavior when a fault in its intake air path exists. The faults considered are of the following types: &bdquo;air leakage in the intake path&ldquo;, &bdquo;faulty mass air flow sensor&ldquo;, &bdquo;faulty manifold absolute pressure sensor&ldquo;, &bdquo;faulty intake air temperature sensor&ldquo; and &bdquo;clogged EGR pipe&ldquo;. Relying on the data obtained by the fault simulator, a novel diagnosis concept is proposed. A model for fault detection and diagnosis was developed in the scope of the concept. The proposed concept was tested on the real data collected from an automobile IC engine in the laboratory conditions and satisfying results were obtained.</p>

Residual Feed Intake (RFI) and enteric methane (CH4) emissions were measured over two years on 120 Angus bulls receiving either a silage-hay diet or a silage-grain diet (277±28 and 286±25 d of age in year 1; 249±23 and 250±23 d of age in year 2). Emissions were similar between diets (240 vs. 248  7.9 L d-1, P>0.05; silage-hay vs. silage-grain) and RFI grouping (P>0.05). DMI increased for high RFI bulls versus low RFI bulls (7.68±0.2 and 8.24±0.2 kg DM d-1, low vs. high). Correlations between RFIfat and CH4 emissions were not significant. These findings agree with previous studies and suggest that RFI ranking may be associated with metabolic mechanisms other than fermentation efficiency. / October 2016

Breast and prostate cancer incidence and mortality have been steadily decreasing. Reasons for these reductions may be related to increased rates of cancer screening and other factors such as improvements in diet, including consumption of fruits and vegetables. We wanted to determine if individuals who get screened for breast and prostate cancer are more or less likely to consume adequate servings of fruit and vegetables. A cross-sectional study using the BRFSS survey was conducted. Individuals included in this study (n=26,222), were asked about their breast or prostate cancer screening history. They were also asked about their servings per day of fruit and vegetables. Statistical analyses were conducted using the SAS 9.2 software program. Logistic regression analyses were conducted on the variables and potential confounders. Over 40% of individuals who did not screen for breast and prostate cancer were in the 50-59 years of age category. A trend was seen with younger age groups being less likely to consume 3 or more daily servings of fruit and vegetables than their older counterparts. Another trend was seen in education levels. Individuals with lower education were less likely to consume at least 3 daily servings of fruit and vegetables. There was a statistically significant association between cancer screening and servings of fruit and vegetables per day. Individuals who were screened for either breast or prostate cancer were 52% more likely to consume 3 or more servings of fruit and vegetables than those who did not screen for either breast or prostate cancer (OR=1.52, 95% CI: 1.29-1.79). Further research needs to be conducted related to how other health behaviors may be related to cancer screening adherence and fruit/vegetable intake.

Master of Science / Department of Animal Sciences and Industry / Jennifer M. Bormann / It is important for animals to be feed efficient and reproductively sound to optimize profits for cow- calf producers. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between feed efficiency and reproductive performance. Feed efficiency measures included residual feed intake (RFI), feed to gain ratio (F:G) and daily dry matter intake (DMI). Reproductive measurements were pregnancy rate, first service conception rate, pregnancy type (AI, natural. open), calving percentage, calving day (CD) and age at first calving. Two data sets which included 136 crossbred Angus females sired by bulls with high or low RFI estimated breeding values (EBV) with multiple parity information and 56 purebred Hereford heifers with their first parity calving information were analyzed. Initially, the crossbred Angus females were analyzed based on their phenotypic RFI values. There was no difference in pregnancy rate between the feed efficiency measures. Second parity pregnant females had lower (F:G) with first service conception (P=0.053), and pregnancy types (P=0.014) than the open (less efficient) females. In parity 5, phenotypically efficient RFI Angus females were pregnant to first service conception versus inefficient RFI Angus females (P=0.052) and those with lower DMI were diagnosed pregnant (P=0.0002). When evaluated as a repeated trait, RFI was not a significant indicator of CD (P=0.514). Crossbred Angus females were analyzed based on their sire’s RFI EBV and grouped accordingly into high (inefficient) or low (efficient) RFI sires. Females sired by high or low RFI (EBV) bulls showed no difference for the reproductive traits, except for a tendency for inefficient sired heifers to have a lower calving percentage in parity 2 (P=0.048). When CD was analyzed as a repeated measure, no difference between sire groups was found (efficient CD of 35.64 d, inefficient CD of 34.23, p = 0.789). In the Hereford heifers, RFI was not an indicator of CD (P = 0.774). There was also no difference in RFI between pregnant and open Hereford females with pregnant females having an LSMean of 0.11 kg/d and the open females having an LSMean of 0.14 kg/d (P = 0.860). Further research needs to be done to confirm any relationships between feed efficiency and reproduction.

Orientadora: Jane Maria Bertocco Ezequiel / Banca: Antonio Tadeu de Andrade / Banca: Antonio Ferriani Branco / Resumo: A glicerina vem sendo obtida a partir do refino do biodiesel de oleaginosas e não possui legislação específica para seu descarte. Esta representa cerca de 10% da massa total resultante do processo de produção do biodiesel. No ano de 2010 foi aprovado o uso do B5, com isso o excedente de glicerina bruta no mercado poderá alcançar a 325 mil toneladas/ ano, portanto a necessidade de encontrar uma correta destinação a glicerina ou toda questão ambiental do biodiesel será prejudicada. Atualmente estuda-se a possibilidade de utilização da glicerina bruta nas rações animais como fonte energética. A glicerina terá uma destinação segura sem problemas com poluição. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as inclusões de 0, 10 e 20% de glicerina bruta na matéria seca das dietas para terminação de novilhas da raça Nelore. Para isso utilizou-se de 24 novilhas da raça Nelore com 24 meses de idade e peso corporal médio de 264,4 kg. Foram avaliados o desempenho e as características de carcaça, digestibilidade aparente das dietas e características da carne. A relação volumoso:concentrado utilizada foi de 30:70. Os concentrados utilizados foram compostos por milho, casca de soja, farelo de girassol, com ou sem adição de glicerina e silagem de milho como volumoso. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, onde cada tratamento foi composto por 8 repetições em que cada unidade experimental foi constituída por um animal, totalizando 3 tratamentos e 24 animais. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas pelo Programa Computacional SAS (1993), sendo utilizado o teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. A inclusão de 20% de glicerina na matéria seca da dieta pode limitar o consumo de matéria seca. A utilização da glicerina em quantidades acima de 10% na matéria seca pode prejudicar a digestibilidade da fibra em detergente neutro e da hemicelulose... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The glycerin has been obtained from the refining of biodiesel from oilseeds and it has not a specific disposal legislation. The glycerin represents about 10% of the total result of the production process of biodiesel. In the year 2010 the Brazilian Government approved the use of B5, and the surplus of crude glycerin on the market may reach 325 thousand tons / year, so the need of finding a proper disposal for this byproduct is eminent or any environmental issue of biodiesel will be impaired. Nowadays it's been studied the possibility of using the crude glycerin in animal feeds as an energy source. The glycerin will have a safe destination without problems with pollution. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of 0, 10 and 20% of crude glycerin in the dry matters of the diets for finishing Nellore heifers. For this it was used 24 Nellore heifers with 264.4 kg BW in average and 24 months old. It was evaluated the performance and carcass characteristics, apparent digestibility of diets and meat characteristics. The roughage: concentrate ratio used was 30:70. The concentrates used were composed by corn, soybean hulls, sunflower meal, with or without the addition of glycerin and corn silage as roughage. The experimental design was a completely randomized, where each treatment consisted of 8 replicates in each experimental unit consisted of one animal, a total of 3 treatments and 24 animals. Statistical analysis was performed by the computer program SAS (1993), and it was used the Tukey test at 5% of probability. The inclusion of 20% of glycerin in the diet dry matter may limit the dry matter intake. The use of glycerin in amounts up to 10% in dry matter can affect the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and hemicellulose, perhaps due to changes in the ruminal flora. Glycerin decreased the amount of fatty acids and linolenic acid, but increased the amount of conjugated... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

O hormônio do crescimento (GH) age sobre tecidos periféricos e está relacionado com várias funções do organismo como, o controle do metabolismo, crescimento somático e processos celulares. Existem evidências que o GH pode exercer efeitos sobre o sistema nervoso central (SNC). Neurônios que co-expressam o neuropeptideo Y (NPY) e a proteína relacionada agouti (AgRP) estão localizados na parte ventromedial do núcleo arqueado do hipotálamo (ARH). Com intuito de estudar a ação do GH especificamente em neurônios NPY/AgRP, iremos utilizar o sistema Cre-LoxP que permite a manipulação gênica de maneira tecido-específica. Sendo assim, inativamos o receptor de GH em neurônios NPY/AgRP em animais fêmeas (GHR/AgRP KO). Como já é bem sabido, essa população de neurônios é conhecida como um potente estimulador do apetite, objetivamos verificar se a falta do receptor de GH (GHR), pode impactar fatores metabólicos. Na validação do modelo observamos que os neurônios NPY/AgRP são responsivos ao GH. As fêmeas GHR/AgRP KO não apresentam diferença no peso corporal. Além disso, não foram observadas diferenças na avaliação metabólica, como, tolerância à glicose, sensibilidade à insulina ou na resposta à leptina. Assim como não observamos diferenças significativa no gasto energético. Quando desafiadas à restrição alimentar, as fêmeas GHR/AgRP KO apresentam maior dificuldade de sustentar a glicemia e perdem mais peso que as fêmeas controles. Por outro lado, a resposta contra regulatória à hipoglicemia é similar entre os animais GHR/AgRP KO e os controles. Ainda, quando expostas ao estresse por contenção, as fêmeas GHR/AgRP KO apresentaram consumo alimentar similar aos animais do grupo controle. Um segundo grupo foi gerado com o intuito de analisarmos o equilíbrio energético e homeostase da glicose durante a gestação e lactação. Os grupos responderam de forma similar tanto ao que se refere ao equilíbrio energético, quanto em relação a glicemia. Por fim, após os aspectos relacionados ao metabolismo energético, utilizando a técnica de ensaio de flexão de três pontos, que analisa parâmetros relacionados ao metabolismo ósseo, observamos que o grupo controle e GHR/AgRP KO não apresentaram diferenças significantes nos parâmetros ósseos analisados. Nossos resultados sugerem que o GH exerce efeito sobre o metabolismo via neurônios NPY/AgRP apenas durante situações de estresse crônico como por exemplo, em situação de privação alimentar. / Growth hormone (GH) acts on peripheral tissues and is related to various functions of the organism such as metabolism control, somatic growth and cellular processes. There is evidence that GH may exert effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Neurons co-expressing the neuropeptide Y (NPY) and related protein agouti (AgRP) are located in the ventromedial part of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH). In order to study the action of GH specifically on NPY/AgRP neurons, we will use the Cre-LoxP system that allows a genetic manipulation in a tissue-specific manner. Thus, we inactivate the GH receptor in NPY/AgRP neurons in female animals (GHR/AgRP KO). It is well established that this population of neurons is known as a potent stimulator of appetite, so we aim to verify if the lack of the GH receptor (GHR) can impact metabolic factors. In the validation of the model we observed that NPY/AgRP neurons are responsive to GH. GHR/AgRP KO females shown no difference in body weight. In addition, no differences were observed in metabolic evaluation, such as glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity or leptin response. As well as we didn\'t observe significant differences in energy expenditure. When challenged with dietary restriction, GHR/AgRP KO females presented greater difficulty in sustaining glycemia and lost more weight than control females. On the other hand, the counter-regulatory response to hypoglycemia is similar between the GHR/AgRP KO and control animals. Also, when exposed to containment stress, the GHR/AgRP KO females presented similar food consumption to the control animals. A second group was generated with the purpose of analyzing the energy balance and glucose homeostasis during pregnancy and lactation. The groups responded similarly to both energy balance and glycemia. Finally, after the aspects related to energy metabolism, using the three-point flexural test technique, which analyzes parameters related to bone metabolism, we observed that the control and GHR/AgRP KO groups didn\'t present significant differences in the analyzed bone parameters. Our results suggest that GH exerts an effect on the metabolism via NPY/AgRP neurons only during situations of chronic stress such as food deprivation.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) är en sjukdom som leder till en funktionell motorisk störning i mag-tarmkanalen och symtom som förstoppning, diarré, gasbesvär, buksmärta och uppspänd buk är vanligt förekommande. Symtomen leder ofta till stress, depression, ångest vilket kan medföra ett begränsat vardagsliv. Individens livskvalitet påverkas av vad symtomen orsakar för individen i vardagslivet vilket kan leda till lidande. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att granska och sammanställa vårdvetenskaplig forskning som belyser patienters upplevelser av att leva med IBS. Metoden är en litteraturstudie utifrån Fribergs modell. Sex kvalitativa artiklar och tre kvantitativa artiklar har analyserats. Resultatet visade att kroppen var opålitlig då sjukdomen orsakade fysiska symtom och gav oönskade symtom som gasbesvär, smärta i buken, diarré, förstoppning och uppspändhet. Patienter upplevde begränsningar i vardagen i form av symtom som ökade gasbesvär, uppspändhet, diarré. Patienter hade ständigt uppsikt efter toaletter då de gick hemifrån vilket ofta skapade en ökad oro. Symtom som gasbildningar och diarré innebar att patienter ofta behövde gå på toaletten vilket var besvärligt i samband med möte, arbete, skola. Detta upplevde patienter vara skamligt. Sjukdomen bidrog i längden till ökad stress, ångest, depression och isolering hos patienterna. Detta har orsakat minskat förtroende till vården, patienterna upplevde sig missförstådda och välbefinnandet minskade. Strategier och planering bidrog till bekräftelse, medvetenhet, kunskap och förståelse. Patienter upplevde sig ha bättre koll på symtomen och kunde agera tills värken släppte. Sjuksköterskan har en viktig roll där hen kan hjälpa patienten att känna välbefinnande, hopp, livslust och ökad självkänsla genom bekräftelse av att bli sedd och hörd samt ge nyttig kunskap för att patienter ska kunna hantera sin sjukdom med bra planering och strategier.

Thesis advisor: Gorica Petrovich / Thesis advisor: Christina Reppucci / Previously our lab has shown that food-deprived male and female rats will inhibit food consumption when presented with a conditioned stimulus that signals danger, and that this effect persists much longer in females than in males. The current experiment is part of a larger study that has two aims: 1) delineate the brain areas associated with fear-cue induced anorexia and 2) determine whether there are sex-differences in brain activation patterns. Female rats previously conditioned in an aversive paradigm inhibited food intake compared to female rats in the control group during three extinction tests, while experimental males only inhibited intake compared to male controls during test one. Following the third test, rats were sacrificed and brain tissue processed to assess activation patterns via Fos-expression within the central nucleus of the amygdala (CEA). We found that males had higher activation than females during test 3 in the CEA. / Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2013. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Psychology Honors Program. / Discipline: Psychology.

Introdução - Há evidências de que o aumento do consumo de carboidratos esteja associado à sonolência. Quando realizado à noite, o consumo de carboidratos parece ser um fator que afeta o desempenho no trabalho. Paradoxalmente, o trabalho noturno levaria ao aumento da ingestão de alimentos ricos em carboidratos como consequência da privação de sono. Objetivo - Verificar a existência de correlação entre a sonolência e consumo de carboidratos entre motoristas de caminhão. Métodos - Participaram da primeira etapa do estudo 71 motoristas de caminhão com idade média de 41 anos (DP=9,5), divididos em dois grupos: transferência (turno irregular de trabalho) e distribuição (turno diurno). Esta etapa consistiu na aplicação de um questionário com questões sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida, consumo alimentar e questões relacionadas ao trabalho. Na segunda etapa 49 motoristas (24 da transferência com idade média de 41 anos DP=8,3 e 25 da distribuição com idade média de 39 anos DP=11,4) responderam ao recordatório alimentar de 24h em dois dias de trabalho e um de folga, à escala de sonolência de Karolinska (KSS), o protocolo de atividade diária e usaram actimetros por 10 dias consecutivos. Resultados - Cerca de 70 por cento dos motoristas encontravam-se sobrepesos ou obesos. O teste de Kruskal Wallis demonstrou que os motoristas da transferência apresentaram uma média significativamente maior de consumo de carboidratos (91,8 g DP=53,7) na refeição anterior ao início do trabalho em relação aos motoristas da distribuição (51,3g DP=32,6) (p<0,05). A ANOVA de medidas repetidas que analisou a sonolência segundo área de trabalho revelou um efeito do horário (p<0,001) e uma interação entre horário e área de trabalho (p<0,05). O teste de correlação de Spearman entre o consumo de carboidratos na refeição anterior ao início do trabalho e a medida de KSS imediatamente após esta refeição não foi estatisticamente significante para nenhuma das duas áreas de trabalho. Conclusões - Embora não tenha sido possível estabelecer associação entre o consumo de carboidratos e a sonolência dos motoristas estudados, observou-se que os motoristas da transferência consomem mais carboidratos na refeição que antecede o início do trabalho em comparação aos do turno diurno. De modo geral, pode-se dizer que os motoristas apresentam padrões distintos de sonolência, cuja manifestação parece variar em função da pressão social dos horários de trabalho / Introduction - There is evidence that increased consumption of carbohydrates is associated with sleepiness. When performed at night, carbohydrate intake might be a factor that affects alertness. Paradoxically, night work could lead to increased intake of carbohydrate-rich foods as a result of sleep deprivation. Objective - To verify whether there is a correlation between carbohydrate intake and sleepiness in truck drivers. Methods -The first phase of this study included 71 truck drivers with a mean age of 41 years (SD = 9.5), divided into two groups: long haul drivers (irregular shift work) and short haul drivers (day shift). In this phase, a questionnaire about sociodemographic aspects, lifestyle, food intake and work was filled out. In the second phase, 49 drivers (24 long haul drivers with a mean age of 41 years SD = 8.3 and 25 short haul drivers with a mean age of 39 years SD = 11.4) responded to a 24hr food intake recall (for two working days and one day off) and the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). The workers also filled out an activity diary and wore actigraphs for 10 consecutive days. Results - About 70 per cent of the drivers were overweight or obese. The Kruskal Wallis test showed that long haul drivers had a mean consumption of carbohydrates in the meal preceding the work onset (91.8 g ; SD = 53.7) significantly higher than the short haul drivers (mean = 51.3 g ; SD = 32.6) (p <0.05). A repeated measurement ANOVA, revealed an effect of time (p <0.001) and an interaction effect of time and work area (p <0.05) on sleepiness. The Spearman correlation test, between the consumption of carbohydrates in the meal prior to work onset and the sleepiness levels immediately after this meal, was not significant for both groups. Conclusions - Although it was not possible to establish an association between carbohydrate intake and sleepiness, it was observed that, the long haul drivers consume more carbohydrates than the short haul drivers. This occurs in the meal that precedes the work onset. In conclusion, truck drivers have distinct patterns of sleepiness, whose expression seems to vary according to the social pressure of working hours

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do uso de dois beta-agonistas adrenérgicos (&beta;AA), cloridrato de zilpaterol (ZIL) e cloridrato de ractopamina (RAC), em combinação com a técnica de imunocastração sobre o desempenho, perfil sanguíneo, comportamento ingestivo e características de carcaça de bovinos confinados na fase de terminação. Noventa e seis bovinos machos da raça Nelore, com peso vivo inicial médio de 409 kg &plusmn; 50 kg e idade média de 20 meses, foram divididos em dois grupos de 48 animais, no qual metade dos animais de cada grupo recebeu a vacina de imunocastração enquanto que a outra metade não recebeu a vacina. Os animais foram alimentados por 70 dias com uma dieta comum contendo 76% de concentrado e 24% de volumoso (silagem de milho). Após 70 dias de confinamento, os animais foram divididos em três grupos, de acordo com o peso, dentro de cada bloco e condição sexual, e aleatoriamente alimentados com uma das seguintes dietas, pelos 30 dias seguintes: CON - dieta padrão utilizada na fase anterior, sem a adição de &beta;AA; ZIL - dieta padrão acrescida de 80 mg/dia cloridrato de zilpaterol; RAC - dieta padrão acrescida de 300 mg/dia cloridrato de ractopamina. Foi avaliado o desempenho, área de olho de lombo (AOL), espessura de gordura subcutânea (EGS) e espessura de gordura na picanha (EGP), bem como o comportamento ingestivo e a gasometria e o perfil bioquímico sanguíneo. No abate foi avaliado o peso vivo final (PVF), peso de carcaça quente (PCQ) e rendimento de carcaça quente (RCQ). Não houve interação entre os fatores principais para nenhuma característica avaliada. Os animais não-castrados tiveram maior ganho médio diário (GMD) e eficiência alimentar (EA) quando comparado aos animais imunocastrados, além de apresentarem maior PCQ e AOL, porém, sem alterar o RCQ, e menor EGS e EGP do que animais imunocastrados. Animais imunocastrados tiveram maior concentração sérica nas principais variáveis relacionadas ao metabolismo e deposição de gordura, tais como HDL, triglicerídeo, colesterol e ácido graxo não-esterificado. Não houve efeito dos tratamentos nem da condição sexual sobre o comportamento ingestivo dos animais. Os animais suplementados com ZIL foram superiores no GMD, EA, AOL, RCQ, porém, sem alterar o PCQ, e inferiores na EGS e EGP quando comparados a animais CON e RAC. Animais suplementados com ZIL apresentaram concentrações séricas representativas de maior metabolismo e deposição de proteína, tais como menores taxas de ureia e maiores taxas de creatino quinase. Não houve efeito da RAC sobre o CON em nenhuma das características supracitadas. A imunocastração diminui a deposição muscular e aumenta a deposição de gordura na carcaça, enquanto que os &beta;AA aumentam a proporção muscular e diminuem a proporção de gordura, havendo impacto direto no desempenho e nas características e rendimento de carcaça, sem haver interação dessas tecnologias nas características avaliadas, portanto, ambas devem ser avaliadas separadamente. / This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two beta-adrenergic agonists (&beta;AA), zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) and ractopamine hydrochloride (RH), in combination with immunocastrion technique on performance, blood profile, feeding behavior, and carcass traits of Nellore cattle in feedlot finishing phase. Ninety-six males Nellore cattle (409 &plusmn; 50 kg LW; 20 mo old) were divided in two groups with forty-eight animals and half of them each group received immunocastration vaccine. Animals were fed for 70 days a common diet containing 76% concentrate and 24% roughage (corn silage). Following they were split in 3 groups, according to weight and within block and sex condition, and fed 30 more days one of the following treatments: CON - basis diet without &beta;AA; ZH - basis diet plus 80mg/d zilpaterol hydrochloride; RH - basis diet plus 300mg/d of ractopamine hydrochloride. Performance, loin muscle area (LMA), backfat thickness (BFT), rump fat thickness (RFT), feeding behavior, gas blood, and blood biochemical profile were recorded in the feedlot. Final liveweight (FLW), hot carcass weight (HCW) and dressing percent (DP) were recorded in the harvest. There was no interaction between the main factors for any traits evaluated. Non-castrated animals had higher average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (G:F) compared to immunocastrated animals, besides higher HCW and LMA, however, without changing DP, and lower BFT and RFT than immunocastrated animals. Immunocastrated animals showed greater serum concentration in the main variables associated to metabolism and fat deposition, such as HDL, triglycerides, cholesterol, and non-esterified fatty acid. No effect of treatments or sex condition on feeding behavior. The animals supplemented with ZH were higher in ADG, G:F, LMA, DP, however, without altering the HCW, and lower in BFT and RFT compared to CON and RH animals. ZH animals showed serum concentration representative of greater metabolism and muscle deposition, such as lower urea rates and higher creatinekinase levels. There was no effect of RH on the CON in any traits abovementioned. Immunocastration decreases the muscle deposition and increases the fat deposition in the carcass, whereas the &beta;AA increases the muscle proportion and decreases the fat proportion, which has effect on performance, carcass traits and dressing percent, with no interaction of these technologies in the characteristics evaluated, thereby both should be evaluated separately.