This investigation sought to extend research in mediated intergroup communication by examining the role of emotion in producing intergroup bias. Two studies were guided by social identity theory, appraisal-based theories of emotion, and cultivation theory. Study 1 surveyed 254 adults, recruited through student referrals. Drawing insight from previous content analytic research and cultivation theory, results indicated that the media plays an important role in cultivating emotional reactions toward racial minorities. Overall daily television consumption was associated with experiencing anxiety-related emotions and distrust-related emotions toward Blacks. Television news consumption was associated with experiencing anger towards Blacks. Overall daily television consumption was associated with experiencing anger and anxiety-related emotions toward Latinos and Asians. Television news consumption was associated with experiencing distrust-related emotions toward Asians. In Study 2 a 2 (Immigration: Threat/No-Threat) X 2 (Ingroup Emotional Norm Endorsement: Present/Absent) plus 1 (Control) experiment examined the impact of mediated intergroup threat on attitudes toward immigration, collective self-esteem, information sharing and seeking behaviors, and policy support, in the context of illegal immigration. This study also examined whether experimental condition indirectly influenced the above-specified outcomes through intergroup emotions. Previous news consumption was examined as a potential moderator of the mediational relationship between experimental condition and intergroup outcomes via intergroup emotions. Results indicate that exposure to intergroup threat via the media directly influence attitudes toward immigrants' human rights and information sharing. Exposure to intergroup threat indirectly influences immigration attitudes through feelings of anxiety. Moreover, exposure to intergroup threat via the media indirectly influences information sharing and support for English-only legislation through feelings of disgust. Conditional indirect effects were found for immigration attitudes, information sharing, and support for English-only legislation. Exposure to threatening intergroup information neither directly, nor indirectly information seeking or emailing congressperson to reduce the number of immigrants allowed in the United States. Results are discussed in light of social identity theory, intergroup threat theory, intergroup emotions theory, and BIAS map research. Taken together, results suggest that the current study's social identity appraisal-based approach provides insight into the role of media in intergroup processes.

This study experimentally examines how Americans’ structural perceptions of people from China predict stereotypes and emotions toward them using the theoretical perspective of the Extended SCM. We first ran a pilot study to ensure that our manipulations of the structural perceptions of Chinese power, goal compatibility, and cultural status were effective. We then conducted a between-participants experiment in which 105 students from a small liberal arts college read pseudo-news article excerpts. These articles were used to manipulate the structural perceptions of Chinese power and Chinese cultural status while emphasizing a competitive relationship between the United States and China throughout all experimental conditions. We assessed the causal relationships between outgroup cultural status, the stereotype of morality, and the intergroup emotion of contempt, as well as the causal relationships between outgroup power, the stereotype of competence, and contempt. Through ANOVA and regression analyses, we found no significant effect of cultural status on morality or contempt and no significant effect of power on competence or contempt. We expect that the low mean level and variability of contempt expressed by participants (M = 1.31, SD = .55) limited the results of this experiment. Future studies should make structural perception stimuli more influential on participants by using well-known authority figures to present structural information of outgroups. Also, researchers should measure contempt using less intense emotions, such as disdain and disrespect, which may limit social desirability and positivity biases in self-report surveys.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:21:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thalita Vargas Leite Martignoni.pdf: 660624 bytes, checksum: c7865de95be6d793dfa04ba9ab6a0506 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-31 / A longitudinal study is reported which examines the consequences of intergroup contact, collective guilt and group-based responsibility over the ingroup’s past misdeeds for the endorsement of reparation attitudes towards the outgroup. Respondents were non- indigenous brazilian high school students (N=1.145/823; time lag = 1 month) and the target groups were brazilian indigenous people. Data were collected in two groups of cities where there was or there was not frequent contact with indigenous people. It was hypothesised and confirmed that group-based responsibility predicted reparation attitudes longitudinally, and this relationship was partially mediated by collective guilt. Intergroup contact was supposed to have negative influence on reparation attitudes, which was confirmed, and this relationship should be mediated by collective guilt, which was not confirmed. These results are analysed and discussed according to the Intergroup Contact Theory and intergroup emotion studies, taking into account brazilian indigenous and non-indigenous intergroup relations. / Este estudo longitudinal examina as conseqüências do contato intergrupal, culpa coletiva e responsabilidade grupal do endogrupo nas atitudes de apoio à reparação ao exogrupo. Os participantes foram alunos não-indígenas de ensino médio (n=1.145/823; intervalo = 1 mês) e os indígenas foram o grupo-alvo. Os dados foram coletados em dois grupos de cidades onde havia ou não contato freqüente com indígenas. Foi hipotetizado e confirmado que a responsabilidade grupal prediz atitudes de reparação longitudinalmente, e esta relação foi parcialmente mediada pela culpa coletiva. Foi previsto que o contato intergrupal teria influência negativa nas atitudes de reparação, o que se confirmou, e esta relação deveria ter sido mediada pela culpa coletiva, mas esta hipótese não foi confirmada. Os resultados são analisados e discutidos à luz da Teoria do Contato Intergrupal e de estudos de sentimentos intergrupais, considerando-se as relações intergrupais entre indígenas e não-indígenas no contexto brasileiro.

Introduction: Precompetitive emotions are important for team functioning, performance and satisfaction of being a team member. Social identity constitutes a necessary base for positive emotions (Lindwall et al., 2016). Limited research calls for further examination of the intensity and the directionality of precompetitive group-based emotions in team performance and the influence of different targets of social identity. Objective: To examine two levels of social identities and their influence on precompetitive group-based emotions and perceived directionality. Methods: Seventy-one Swedish senior football players (Mage = 25.35 ± 5.50 years of age) including both males (n = 36; Mage = 27.53 ± 5.63 years of age) and females (n = 35; Mage = 23.11 ± 4.40 years of age), completed an online survey including measurements of identification (Ray et al., 2008; Campo et al., 2019a) and I-PANAS (Thompson, 2007), with the additional inclusion of the direction scale (Jones & Swain, 1992). Results: Identification as a football player influenced precompetitive positive emotions (PE) toward opponents. Precompetitive PE toward both teammates and opponents showed a tendency to be facilitative for performance. Findings also showed gender differences for identification as a football player, precompetitive PE toward teammates and directionality of precompetitive PE and NE toward teammates. Conclusions: The present study further extends the importance of identification and group-based emotions in team sports and how group-based emotions affect team sport athletes. Coaches might adjust their communication to enhance identification of the team before and during competition and ultimately increase team performances. / Introduktion: Emotioner innan tävling är viktiga för lagets funktion, prestation och tillfredsställelse med att vara en medlem i laget. Social identitet är en nödvändig bas för positiva emotioner (Lindwall et al., 2016). Då det endast finns begränsad forskning krävs ytterligare undersökning av intensiteten och riktningen av grupp-baserade emotioner innan tävling i lagprestationer och dess påverkan av olika nivåer av social identitet. Syfte: Att undersöka två nivåer av sociala identiteter och deras inflytande på grupp-baserade emotioner innan tävling och dess riktning (påverkan) för prestation. Metod: Sjuttioen svenska seniorfotbollsspelare (Målder = 25.35 ± 5.50 år) med både män (n = 36; Målder = 27.53 ± 5.63 år) och kvinnor (n = 35; Målder = 23.11 ± 4.40 år) genomförde en online enkät innehållande mätningar av identifiering (Ray et al., 2008; Campo et al., 2019a), I-PANAS (Thompson, 2007) med den extra riktningsskalan (Jones & Swain, 1992). Resultat: Identifiering som fotbollsspelare påverkade positiva emotioner (PE) innan tävling mot motståndare. PE gentemot både lagkamrater och motståndare visade en tendens att främja prestation. Resultaten visade också könsskillnader för identifiering som fotbollsspelare, PE gentemot lagkamrater och riktning för PE och NE gentemot lagkamrater. Slutsats: Den aktuella studien utökar betydelsen av identifikation och grupp-baserade emotioner i lagidrotter och hur grupp-baserade emotioner påverkar lagidrottare. Tränare skulle kunna anpassa sin kommunikation för att höja lagidentifiering före och under tävling och slutligen förbättra lagprestation.