Esta dissertação analisa as questões concernentes às tutelas de urgência antes e durante o processo arbitral (incluindo-se a forma como podem ser pleiteadas, apreciadas e efetivadas), bem como a interação entre os árbitros, o Poder Judiciário e também entre a Câmara de Arbitragem responsável pela condução do processo arbitral (no caso de arbitragem institucional). O trabalho traz uma breve análise sobre a história da arbitragem e acerca de sua natureza jurídica, com um enfoque específico às tutelas de urgência, analisando, igualmente, os regulamentos dos principais centros de arbitragens pátrios e alienígenas, bem como a legislação nacional e estrangeira sobre o tema das tutelas de urgência em arbitragem. Os principais pontos analisados referem-se: (i) às tutelas de urgência prévias à instauração da arbitragem (quando as partes já se comprometeram, por meio de cláusula compromissória ou de compromisso arbitral, a solucionar eventual lide por meio da arbitragem); (ii) às tutelas de urgência no curso de um processo arbitral; (iii) à efetivação das tutelas de urgência, a qual exige a utilização de força e, por conseguinte, depende do auxílio e de interação com o Poder Judiciário; (iv) à efetivação das tutelas de urgência proferidas em arbitragens estrangeiras; e (v) às anti-suit injunctions. / This dissertation analyses the questions regarding provisional and interim measures previously or during an arbitration proceeding (including the means they can be pleaded, analyzed and enforced), as well as the interaction between the arbitrators, the Judiciary Power and also with the Court of Arbitration responsible for the conduction of the arbitration proceeding (in the case of institutional arbitration). The study brings a brief analysis of the history of arbitration and about its legal nature, with a specific focus on provisional and interim measures, also analyzing the regulations of the main Courts of Arbitration from Brazil and from abroad, as well as the Brazilian and foreign legislation about provisional and interim measures in arbitration. The main topics analyzed are referred to: (i) provisional and interim measures previously to the beginning of the arbitration (when the parties have already committed themselves, through arbitration clause or arbitration agreement, to resolve any conflict through arbitration); (ii) provisional and interim measures during an arbitration proceeding; (iii) the enforcement of provisional and interim measures, which requires the use of force (coercive power) and, therefore, depends on the assistance and the support of the Judiciary Power; (iv) the enforcement of provisional and interim measures rendered on foreign arbitrations; and (v) the anti-suit injunctions.

Esta dissertação analisa as questões concernentes às tutelas de urgência antes e durante o processo arbitral (incluindo-se a forma como podem ser pleiteadas, apreciadas e efetivadas), bem como a interação entre os árbitros, o Poder Judiciário e também entre a Câmara de Arbitragem responsável pela condução do processo arbitral (no caso de arbitragem institucional). O trabalho traz uma breve análise sobre a história da arbitragem e acerca de sua natureza jurídica, com um enfoque específico às tutelas de urgência, analisando, igualmente, os regulamentos dos principais centros de arbitragens pátrios e alienígenas, bem como a legislação nacional e estrangeira sobre o tema das tutelas de urgência em arbitragem. Os principais pontos analisados referem-se: (i) às tutelas de urgência prévias à instauração da arbitragem (quando as partes já se comprometeram, por meio de cláusula compromissória ou de compromisso arbitral, a solucionar eventual lide por meio da arbitragem); (ii) às tutelas de urgência no curso de um processo arbitral; (iii) à efetivação das tutelas de urgência, a qual exige a utilização de força e, por conseguinte, depende do auxílio e de interação com o Poder Judiciário; (iv) à efetivação das tutelas de urgência proferidas em arbitragens estrangeiras; e (v) às anti-suit injunctions. / This dissertation analyses the questions regarding provisional and interim measures previously or during an arbitration proceeding (including the means they can be pleaded, analyzed and enforced), as well as the interaction between the arbitrators, the Judiciary Power and also with the Court of Arbitration responsible for the conduction of the arbitration proceeding (in the case of institutional arbitration). The study brings a brief analysis of the history of arbitration and about its legal nature, with a specific focus on provisional and interim measures, also analyzing the regulations of the main Courts of Arbitration from Brazil and from abroad, as well as the Brazilian and foreign legislation about provisional and interim measures in arbitration. The main topics analyzed are referred to: (i) provisional and interim measures previously to the beginning of the arbitration (when the parties have already committed themselves, through arbitration clause or arbitration agreement, to resolve any conflict through arbitration); (ii) provisional and interim measures during an arbitration proceeding; (iii) the enforcement of provisional and interim measures, which requires the use of force (coercive power) and, therefore, depends on the assistance and the support of the Judiciary Power; (iv) the enforcement of provisional and interim measures rendered on foreign arbitrations; and (v) the anti-suit injunctions.

Published Article / Research has two important objectives: the contribution to scientific discourse and the identification of solutions for the challenges societies, government, business and industry face. Research should be in the public domain. The publication and presentation of research results are important activities academics need to engage with. Through publications and presentations are societies informed of the positive influence and impact research can bring to them. This paper will focus on the importance of publications and how emerging scholars can be assisted to get their research published. A case study is presented of the Interim, an in-house academic journal.

The purpose of this study is to analyze how a rural muncipality with negative population growth promotes year-round residency. Using Lysekil municipality as an example, this study aims to investigate both the consequences of a declining year-round population, and how the municipality encourages population growth in the Commune. Of course, this is an extremely broad subject which can be approached from many angles. With this in mind, areas such as urbanization, attractiveness and place-marketing were scrutinized in detail. Using qualitative research (and empirical data) from various literature, as well as semi-structured interviews with employees of Lysekil municipality, the study revealed that a declining year-round population resulted in declining tax revenue. This tax shortage could lead to the municipality becoming unable to offer services that meet the expectations of the local population. However, the study also revealed that Lysekil municipality has great potential to achieve the population growth it desires. This can be accomplished by appropriate investments into attractive living situations as well as effective communications in the shape of the local internet and public transportation. For Lysekil municipality to become a year-round vivid municipality would require several measures, alongside investment, in both outer and inner factors.

1 Resumé Preliminary Ruling In some situations, it is not possible to wait for the court judgement in the case itself. Then there is the need for providing the legal protection of these rights before the meritorious judgement, for otherwise there would be a risk that the judgement in the case itself would have no real consequence or it would be impossible to execute. For this reason the institute of precautionary measures was established. This institute is an extraordinary instrument of temporary law protection, which should be naturally followed by the proceeding in the case itself. However, a proceeding in case of precautionary measures is basically an independent proceeding, and its result does not prejudge the court judgement in the case itself. In order to fulfil the objective of a precautionary measure, its proceeding must follow certain specifications. These variations are the subject of this thesis, which tries to present various perspectives on these proceedings specifications. Those are mainly jurisdiction without hearing of the parties, different regulations in delivery, judgement reasoning, simple verification of some facts, and establishment of caution. This regulation of proceedings was many times the subject of analysis of compliance with the constitutional order, especially with the right to...

6 Preliminary ruling in civil proceedings Abstract This thesis presents preliminary ruling as one of the secure institutions of the Czech civil procedural law, which become in case if there is a need of the settlement of legal relations on a temporary basis or ensure realization of an execution of judgement. This secure institution is temporary, which sorts out rights and obligations of the parties of the action until decision on merits. Thesis is divided into four chapters. In the first chapter author is dealing with concept of preliminary ruling, as well as types and purpose of preliminary ruling. In this chapter author pursue historical development of preliminary ruling before 1st of January 2014 and also after this date, when significant amendment was approved, which divided legislation of preliminary ruling. Second chapter is concentrated on preliminary ruling in Czech civil procedural law. This chapter author consider as crucial, because its include general preliminary ruling. This general legislation of preliminary ruling is also used on special preliminary ruling, when Special court proceedings act contains subsidiarity of civil procedure code. This chapter also includes court proceedings while deciding about preliminary ruling, jurisdiction of the court, duty obligation, assurance, contents of the...

CAD/CAM technology had evolved extensively from the time when it was first used clinically in the 1980s. Today, CAD/CAM technology can be used to fabricate crowns, design and mill fixed partial denture frameworks, set teeth and fabricate complete dentures as well as to mill interim restorations. An extensive literature review found many research studies on the evaluation of the accuracy of the CAD/CAM ceramic crowns as compared to other ceramic crowns but little research had been done to evaluate the accuracy of interim restorations. This article describes the method in which CAD/CAM as well as conventional interim crowns were fabricated, cemented onto their dies, dye stained, thermocycled as well as sectioned with their marginal discrepancies investigated.

In response to test-based accountability (No Child Left Behind, 2001), schools and districts across the country are adopting a variety of supplemental assessments aimed at improving student performance. These interim assessments are administered more than once during the school year for the following purposes: 1) predicting student performance on summative accountability tests, 2) identifying student strengths and weaknesses, 3) tracking student progress toward "proficiency," or 4) identifying students for remedial instruction. Vendors claim these assessments can improve teaching and learning, although critics contend they do not possess a number of attributes theorized to facilitate formative use of results, including particular assessment features, instructional practices, and school-level supports. To date, empirical evidence on interim assessments is scarce. Thus, this study collected the first empirical evidence on the use of interim assessments in reading and math in Iowa elementary schools. Elementary school administrators completed a survey regarding their school or district's use of interim assessments. Respondents provided basic descriptive information and also indicated how teachers use assessment results to modify teaching and learning and the types of professional development opportunities available. A companion teacher survey designed to capture teachers' use of assessment information to improve teaching and learning was constructed. This draft teacher survey was pilot-tested with a small sample of teachers in order to improve its clarity by identifying areas of ambiguity. Feedback generated from these interviews was used to revise the teacher survey. Study results suggest widespread use of interim assessments among respondents, particularly for the improvement of reading skills and primarily for instructional and remediation purposes. These reading assessments appeared to exhibit many of the characteristics deemed essential for formative use of assessment results. However, both survey and interview results suggested teachers have little autonomy for deciding when assessments will be administered. Results also suggest there is much room for improvement in teachers' formative use of assessment results, as one of the most important aspects of formative use (responding to results by modifying instruction and identifying alternative pedagogies) may also be the least used by classroom teachers and the most neglected with respect to professional development.

Statement of Problem There are limited studies evaluating the effect of a cyclic load on interim fixed prosthetic materials and its effect on flexural strength. Purpose of Study 1) To verify the flexural strength of previously studied interim fixed prosthetic materials. 2) To establish the flexural strength of new, advanced generation and untested interim fixed prosthetic materials. 3) To determine the effect of cyclic load on the flexural strength of interim fixed prosthetic materials. Materials and Methods Bar-type specimens of Caulk Temporary Bridge Resin, VitaVM CC, Protemp 3 Garant and Radica were fabricated according to International Standards Organization 4049 and American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association specification 27. After being stored in distilled water for 10 days, specimens were divided into Noncycled and Cycled Groups. The Noncycled Group specimens were fractured under a 3-point loading in a Bose Electroforce 3300 testing instrument at a crosshead speed of 0.75 mm/min. Cycled Groups specimens underwent a 6-12 Newton 3 Hertz cyclic load for 20,000 cycles in a Bose Electroforce 3300 testing instrument. Immediately following completion of the cycles, the specimens were fractured under a 3-point loading. Maximal loads to fracture in Newtons were recorded and mean flexural strengths were calculated (n = 20 per group). Comparisons were made with analysis of variance and Tukey's Multiple Comparison Test. Results Noncycled (NC) and Cycled (C) groups order of mean flexural strengths (MPa) from lowest to highest mean were as follows: Caulk (Noncycled - 53.83; C - 60.02), Vita VM CC (NC - 65.96; C - 66.83), Protemp 3 Garant (NC - 75.85; C - 77.18), and Radica (NC - 106.1; C - 115.96). In the Noncycled and Cycled groups, Radica was statistically superior when compared to all materials and Protemp 3 Garant was statistically superior to Caulk Temporary Bridge Resin. There was no statistically significant difference between the material's flexural strengths before and after cycles. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, 20,000 cyclic loads of 6-12 Newtons at 3 Hertz did not have a significant effect on the flexural strength of interim fixed prosthetic materials. Radica demonstrated significantly superior flexural strength over other materials tested.

This study attempts to identify any patterns of decision making behaviour evident from the formal meetings of the Council of the Interim Australian Capital Territory Schools Authority up to the end of its second year of operation, In an analysis of the minutes, the topics mentioned in them were grouped into fifteen broad categories, six of which - professional staffing, policy making/procedures, central staff and services, boundary maintenance, school buildings and curriculum Matters - were found to have been given the greatest attention by the Council. The study reveals that decision making was associated with only slightly more than half of the issues discussed and that three quarters of those decisions could be termed effective, in that they might lead to a change in the education system's operations or in relationships with another body or in that they appeared to finalize the discussion on an issue. It also demonstrates changes over time in both the types of issues discussed and the ways in which the Council operated as a decision unit. Some attention is given to variables which might account for the observed patterns. The decision making strategies used are explored as are the methods of policy determination. An attempt is made to identify stages in the Council's history which might correspond to those postulated in organizational growth models. Finally, there are some suggestions for further research, particularly in relation to pressure group theory, to change in organizational structure and to growth models.