Transport networks have to provide carriers with time-efficient alternative routes in case of disruptions. It is, therefore, essential for transport network planners and operators to identify sections within the network which, if broken, have a considerable negative impact on the networks performance. Research on transport network analysis provides lots of different approaches and models in order to identify such critical sections. Most of them, however, are only applicable to mono-modal transport networks and calculate indices which represent the criticality of sections by using aggregated data. The model presented, in contrast, focuses on the analysis of intermodal transport networks by using a traffic micro simulation. Based on available, real-life data, our approach models a transport network as well as its actual traffic participants and their individual decisions in case of a disruption. The resulting transport delay time due to a specific disruption helps to identify critical sections and critical networks, as a whole. Therefore, the results are a valuable decision support for transport network planners and operators in order to make the infrastructure less vulnerable, more attractive for carriers and thus more economically sustainable. In order to show the applicability of the model we analyse the Austrian intermodal transport network and show how critical sections can be evaluated by this approach. (authors' abstract)

O etanol, produto proveniente da indústria sucroalcooleira, um dos setores mais importantes da economia brasileira, atrai a atenção dos países desenvolvidos. O aumento de sua demanda em todo o mundo, motivado por razões econômicas e ambientais, impulsiona sua exportação. O volume exportado passou de 750 milhões de litros em 2003 para 3,5 bilhões de litros em 2006 e os produtores estimam que em cinco anos este volume alcance 6,5 bilhões de litros. Diante da perspectiva de acréscimo nas exportações, e do fato de quase 90% da produção brasileira concentra-se no Centro-Sul, esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar as alternativas de transporte de etanol para exportação no médio prazo, baseado no plano de investimentos proposto pelo projeto do corredor de exportação de etanol da Transpetro, um dos investimentos propostos para melhorar a eficiência logística do transporte de etanol. Tais investimentos pretendem atender a demanda instalada pelo mercado internacional de forma satisfatória, garantindo o suprimento do combustível e prevenindo o surgimento de gargalos logísticos motivados por falta de infra-estrutura suficiente para o escoamento da produção. Foram avaliadas três alternativas de transporte que representam a movimentação de etanol das unidades produtoras aos portos: alternativa rodoviária, alternativa rodo-dutoviária, e alternativa rodo-hidro-dutoviária. Definidas as alternativas, foram identificadas as trinta principais zonas produtoras de etanol e analisadas as alternativas específicas para cada uma. Assim, foi possível identificar as principais vantagens competitivas das alternativas de transporte por região produtora e verificar os ganhos derivados do transporte por dutos e pela hidrovia no escoamento da produção de etanol até os principais portos. / Ethanol, a product originated from the sugarcane and ethanol industry, one of the most important sectors in the brazilian economy is attracting the interest of the developed countries. The exportation of ethanol is stimulated by the increasing worldwide demand driven by economic and environmental reasons. The exported volume increased from more than 750 million liters in 2003 to 3.5 billion liters in 2006 and, in the next five years, the brazilian producers expect that this volume will reach 6.5 billion liters. Because of this expectation in increasing exportations of ethanol, and being aware that the center-south region of Brazil produces almost 90% of the brazilian ethanol, the objective of this dissertation is to analyze the alternatives of transportation of ethanol for exportation in the medium term. This study is based in the Transpetro´s corridor of ethanol exportation investment plan, which is one of the proposed investments to increase the logistic efficiency of the transportation of ethanol. These investments intend to satisfactorily fulfill the demand of the international market, guaranteeing the supply of ethanol and preventing the appearance of logistic gaps due to lacks of infra-structure for transporting the product. Three alternatives of transportation were evaluated, representing the transportation of ethanol from the manufacturing units to the ports: roadway alternative, road-pipeline alternative and road-waterway-pipeline alternative. After the definition of these alternatives, the thirty major manufacturing zones of ethanol were defined and each zone had these alternatives analyzed. As a result, the major competitive advantages of the transportation alternatives by zone were identified. Also, the potential gains of transporting ethanol to the major seaports by pipelines and waterways were evaluated.

South Africa is faced with a situation where-by the general public has a negative perception of public transport. It is a fact that generally the lower income employees use public transport to get to work and back, whether it is buses, taxis, or trains. In the past, the combination of users and misinformed planning philosophies led to interchanges/ranks that were un-user friendly, and uninviting. However, the South African government has embarked upon a campaign to make public transport the heartbeat of the South African economy, and to improve the general public perception. Along with the hosting of the 2010 Soccer World Cup, the country finds itself under pressure to implement a safe, efficient, and user-friendly public transport system. This dissertation investigates means and principles of designing functional interchanges that incorporate civic activity and participation. Beyond Function seeks to recapture the social dimension of transport interchanges since; these are the converging or meeting spaces and gateways into the cities, there exists a need to be celebrated. The philosophical orientation is towards commuter convenient facilities, thus heightening the spirit of travel. / Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Architecture / unrestricted

The thesis is focused on intermodal transport stressing the importance of container seaports. The key objective is to analyze the transport policy and attitudes of port authorities representatives in terms of strategic development differences by region. Based on selected methodology, perception of private sector by port authorities representatives is explained. The thesis outcome is applied in the fields of theory, practice and education.

A study of how Svensk Plaståervinning i Motala AB (SPÅ) can use intermodal transports to work towards their goal of CO2 reduction. The study shows a quantitaive reduction in CO2 emissions compared to road transports. / <p>Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet</p>

This study aims to provide a complete overview of intermodal rail connections in Germany and identify the market players involved in their operation. The lack of a comprehensive overview is attributed to the difficulty of summarizing empirical data of intermodal rail transport, combined with the many rapid changes in the dynamic open market. The study uses a dataset compiled through online research and interviews with market players. The identified market players include intermodal operators, railway carriers, terminals, and ports.

O Brasil tem como principal base econômica a exportação de commodities agrícolas e minerais. Esses produtos se caracterizam por possuírem grandes volumes de produção e baixo valor agregado. Diante desses fatos, as economias geradas ao longo da cadeia logística têm papel fundamental para o sucesso da comercialização destes produtos. Nesse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo encontrar as rotas de transportes mais econômicas para o escoamento da soja e minérios de ferro e manganês oriundos do estado do Mato Grosso do Sul com destino à exportação. Para tal foram identificados os pólos de geração destas cargas, assim como os modais de transportes existentes e futuros, terminais de transbordos e portos marítimos para exportação. Os métodos utilizados para esta análise foram a geração de cenários, modelos de custo de transporte para os modos rodoviário, ferroviário e fluvial; e sistema de informação geográfica. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho indicam que opções de rotas com uso do modal hidroviário são as que possuem menores custos, com forte participação da hidrovia Paraguai-Paraná. Sugere-se para futuros trabalhos, a investigação da rede de transporte estudada com o uso de restrições de capacidade e também a inclusão dos custos portuários praticados nos portos marítimos de exportação. / Brazil has as the main economic base the exportation of agricultural and mineral commodities. These products are characterized by having a large quantity of production and low price. Given these facts, the saving generated along the supply chain are fundamental role in the marketing success of these products. In that context, this study aimed to find the most economic transport routes to the disposal of soybeans and iron ore and manganese from the state of Mato Grosso do Sul destined to exportation. For that were identified the places that generate as, and the transportation ways that exist up to now and the future ones, the terminals, transshipments and harbor for export. The methods used for this analysis were the generation of scenarios, models of cost of transport to the modes transport to road, rail and river, and geographic information system. The results obtained in this study indicate that options trades with the use of the waterway are those that have lower costs, with strong participation of the waterway Paraguay-Parana. It is suggested to future researches investigation of the transportation system studied the use of restrictions on capability and the inclusion of costs charged at seaports of exportation.

O Brasil tem como principal base econômica a exportação de commodities agrícolas e minerais. Esses produtos se caracterizam por possuírem grandes volumes de produção e baixo valor agregado. Diante desses fatos, as economias geradas ao longo da cadeia logística têm papel fundamental para o sucesso da comercialização destes produtos. Nesse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo encontrar as rotas de transportes mais econômicas para o escoamento da soja e minérios de ferro e manganês oriundos do estado do Mato Grosso do Sul com destino à exportação. Para tal foram identificados os pólos de geração destas cargas, assim como os modais de transportes existentes e futuros, terminais de transbordos e portos marítimos para exportação. Os métodos utilizados para esta análise foram a geração de cenários, modelos de custo de transporte para os modos rodoviário, ferroviário e fluvial; e sistema de informação geográfica. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho indicam que opções de rotas com uso do modal hidroviário são as que possuem menores custos, com forte participação da hidrovia Paraguai-Paraná. Sugere-se para futuros trabalhos, a investigação da rede de transporte estudada com o uso de restrições de capacidade e também a inclusão dos custos portuários praticados nos portos marítimos de exportação. / Brazil has as the main economic base the exportation of agricultural and mineral commodities. These products are characterized by having a large quantity of production and low price. Given these facts, the saving generated along the supply chain are fundamental role in the marketing success of these products. In that context, this study aimed to find the most economic transport routes to the disposal of soybeans and iron ore and manganese from the state of Mato Grosso do Sul destined to exportation. For that were identified the places that generate as, and the transportation ways that exist up to now and the future ones, the terminals, transshipments and harbor for export. The methods used for this analysis were the generation of scenarios, models of cost of transport to the modes transport to road, rail and river, and geographic information system. The results obtained in this study indicate that options trades with the use of the waterway are those that have lower costs, with strong participation of the waterway Paraguay-Parana. It is suggested to future researches investigation of the transportation system studied the use of restrictions on capability and the inclusion of costs charged at seaports of exportation.

The Thesis gives the basic overview of requirements for dangerous cargo transport considering mode of transport (rail, road and marine). All conditions are desribed separately and then all together as intermodal transport. Part of the Thesis is dedicated to business practis in intermodal transport including INCOTERMS.

The thesis deals with an intermodal transport and its development within the European Union. The aim of this work is to analyze the current state of EU transport infrastructure and transport modes. According to these information the paper assess the benefits of this traffic and barriers hampering its development. The aim of the thesis is also to find out how is intermodal transport supported by European Union. The paper focuses on the characteristics of various transport modes and identifies major bottlenecks in the functioning of intermodal transport. The paper approaches the activities of the EU, its main objectives in the field of transport and a relation between intermodality and Union's goals. In conclusion of the thesis, there are discussed the advantages and benefits of intermodal transport, barriers and projects that has helped remove these barriers.