A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of Witwatersrand in Fulfilment for the Award of the Degree of Master of Arts in Translation and Interpreting Studies, March 2017 / Using the Translation Unit of the Pan African Parliament (PAP-TU) as a case study, this research set out to find a comprehensive method for assuring the quality of the translation services of non-commercial organisations. This aim is fulfilled through achieving two objectives: firstly, assessing the current situation of the PAP-TU; secondly, building a model for quality management and best practice to assure the quality of the services of the PAP-TU. In addition to solving the problem at hand, this research is motivated by exploring new areas of translation studies, engaging in the ongoing debate around the topic and contributing to the body of knowledge in this lessexplored area. To achieve the objectives of the research, a qualitative empirical study was designed to examine the correlation between ‘adopting a quality management model’ and ‘assuring translation quality’. An action research method was used to inform the outcome of the study and to provide a framework for its design. For achieving the first objective, a case study research method was used to assess the current situation of the PAP-TU. The data was collected through interviews, fieldwork observation and archival research techniques; a grounded theory technique was used for analysing the data. A modelling research method was used for achieving the second objective: creating a quality model for the PAP-TU. The study finds that the current approaches to translation quality are unable to assure the quality of the translation services of non-commercial organisations and that there is a need for a more holistic model. The main outcome of the study is the creation of a quality model for the PAPTU. The study has reached many conclusions; the most important of which are: firstly, there is a shift in the translation field from considering translation as a craft or art to professionalization and industrialisation; secondly, the study confirms the gap between translation theory and practice. The study recommends conducting more research in the field of translation quality management as a growing branch of translation studies and in freelancing as an important type of employment for translators. The study also recommends designing translators’ training programmes after studying the market to address the latest needs and trends in the market. / XL2018

This study explores and describes the experiences of hearing children growing up in Deaf Parented families in Gauteng. The specific objectives of the study were to explore the delegation of different roles including South African Sign Language interpreting in the family; the influence of having Deaf parents in occupational choices of hearing adult-children of Deaf parents; the availability of support services to CODAs and their perceptions of their parents in terms of disability. A purposive sampling strategy in conjunction with snowball sampling was used to identify and recruit participants. Two males and eight females between the ages of 21 and 40 years, with different occupations were recruited for this study. A qualitative design, embedded within the constructivism and interpretivism framework was used in this study. Data were collected through semi structured; open ended and in-depth interview questions were used to obtain data for the study. A pilot study was conducted prior to commencing with the main study. Thematic content analysis was employed to describe themes qualitatively. The following themes emerged from the study. Participants reported to have developed a bicultural identity; however, they primarily identify themselves as CODAs regardless of their racial identity. Participants expressed frustrations with the interpreter role and female children reported to have interpreted for their parents more than their male counterparts. Seven participants are currently employed as SASL interpreters. The study highlights that there are mixed emotions regarding interactions with the extended family members. The study identifies a strong need for support services for Deaf parented families. Lastly; participants viewed Deafness as a cultural minority, and not a disability. Findings revealed a need for audiologists to clearly define their role in Deaf parented families, and to also adopt emic view of Deafness and family system perspective model.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Translation. 1995 / This project examines folktales that were translated from English to Zulu. The translation was meant for Zulu mother-tongue children in primary schools. The aim of the study is to compare and analyze the style of the source text and target text with regard to accessibility to the audience. The research makes use of Hewson and Martin's Variational Approach. This approach has been modified to include certain concepts within Descriptive Translation Studies such as adequacy and acceptability. Leech and Short's model for text analysis together with the researcher's suggestions are also included in the Variational Approach so that it is applicable to this project. / AC2017

Submitted to the Faculty of Humanities in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of M.A (Publishing Studies) University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, 2017 / Gérard Genette famously noted that paratexts are ‘those liminal devices’, elements, both within and outside the book, that form part of the complex relationship between book, author, publisher, and reader. He determined that titles, forewords, epigraphs, and publishers’ jacket copy are part of a book’s ‘private and public history’. By considering each of these liminal devices in the larger context of marketing strategies, this research report addresses the question of how paratexts are altered to appeal to different markets in different countries – specifically South Africa and Germany – and how this is done in relation to five translated novels: Stadt des Goldes by Norman Ohler; Portrait with Keys by Ivan Vladislavić; Township Blues and Themba by Lutz van Dijk; and Fiela se Kind by Dalene Matthee. The research report argues that the relationship between paratext and reader is of vital importance when it comes to understanding how cultures are perceived by foreign readers. With each comparison between the paratexts of the original and their translated novels, the research report demonstrates that paratextual alterations are predominantly influenced by alterations in time and geography; use or dismissal of clichés and stereotypes; educational value; and either techniques which familiarise or defamiliarise the reader. By uncovering the way novels are marketed to a foreign readership, it becomes possible to uncover why translations occur and how the source-culture is perceived. / XL2018

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Translation Johannesburg, 2016 / The aim of this research report is to analyse how the Xitsonga original and the English translation of the play by CTD Marivate, Jim Xilovekelo (1965) can be translated in terms of culture-specific elements as reflected through dialogue. The research project examines the notion of the two basic translation strategies of domestication and foreignization in relation to both linguistic and culture-bound elements. A translation of the play into English forms the basis of the research, with detailed comments and annotations. The overall approach to the translation of the play was to retain the foreignness and style of the original text, taking into account the different languages and language varieties that feature in the play, such IsiZulu, Sesotho, Xitsonga, English, Fanakalo and Tsotsitaal. These all form part of South African urban heterogeneous culture in both the source and target texts. Retaining these culturallinguistic elements within the target text ensures that the style and features of the source text are reflected in the target text. / MT2017

A translation research project submitted to the Faculty of Arts, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Translation. / This research project focuses on two English translations of Franz Kafka's short story "Die Verwandlung". (Abbreviation abstract) / AC 2018

Orientador: Paula Tavares Pinto / Banca: Angélica Karim Garcia Simão / Banca: Egisvanda Isys de Almeida Sandes / Resumo: O principal problema da maioria das dublagens de produtos audiovisuais humorísticos são os laugh tracks (sons artificiais de um público rindo), já que toda vez que há trilha sonora de risadas, estas devem coincidir com uma piada para não causar estranheza no público-alvo. Neste trabalho analisaremos, por meio de um corpus paralelo, os problemas de tradução presentes na dublagem de um desses produtos: o seriado "El Chavo del 8" ("Chaves" no Brasil) do espanhol do México para o português do Brasil, com base nas teorias de dublagem fundamentadas por Hurtado Albir (1996); de humor, fundamentadas por Raskin (1987), Bergson (1983), Posada (1995) entre outros; e de técnicas de tradução propostas por Hurtado Albir (2001). Apresentamos uma análise realizada em três etapas: na primeira, criamos um quadro com as minutagens das piadas para cada um dos 18 episódios analisados e uma seção "houve/não houve piada"; na segunda, 12 participantes responderam se houve piada ou não em cada trecho selecionado; finalmente, na terceira etapa, criamos quadros para cada piada nas quais os participantes determinaram que não houve piada e explicamos o motivo dessa perda. Com base na definição dos problemas e nas técnicas de tradução, pretende-se apresentar as possíveis soluções que os tradutores audiovisuais teriam para traduzir as piadas em caso de perda de comicidade / Abstract: The main problem with dubbing translation in most humorous audiovisual products is the laugh track, since every time there is a laugh track it must match a joke not to cause any strangeness in the target audience. In this research, we will analyze, through a parallel corpus, the translation problems in the dubbing of the series "El Chavo del 8" ("Chaves" in Brazil) from Mexican Spanish to Brazilian Portuguese, based on theories of audiovisual translation by Hurtado Albir (1996), Humor by Raskin (1987), Bergson (1983) and Posada (1995), and translation strategies by Hurtado Albir (2001).We show an analysis performed in three stages: in the first one, we created tables with the minutes of the jokes in 21 episodes and a "yes / no" joke section; in the second one, 14 participants answered whether or not there was a joke in each selected section; finally, in the third one, we created tables for each joke in which participants determined if there was no joke. Based on the definition of the problems and translation strategies, we intended to offer possible solutions for the audiovisual translators when dealing with jokes / Mestre

Considerando a pouca quantidade de dados e o tempo limitado para a preparação do intérprete de conferência, o objetivo desta pesquisa é propor uma metodologia para a elaboração de glossários bilíngues, inglês/português, voltados às necessidades de preparação deste profissional, no modo de Interpretação Simultânea, utilizando as ferramentas da Linguística de Corpus. Apesar do crescente número de publicações sobre Estudos de Interpretação, ainda não existe uma extensa bibliografia, em português, que apresente material de suporte para a preparação do intérprete. O modelo de glossário proposto tem como objetivo incluir não apenas termos técnicos e acrônimos, mas também colocados de termos, nomes próprios e paráfrases, e até mesmo pronúncia, quando relevante, pois o acesso a tais informações não somente permite que a Interpretação siga as normas da convencionalidade da língua de chegada, como também poupa o intérprete de depender tanto de um conhecimento intuitivo da língua, reduzindo, dessa forma, a carga cognitiva. Devido ao pouco tempo para a preparação do intérprete, é impraticável fazer uma leitura detalhada de grande quantidade de material de estudo. A Linguística de Corpus, por permitir o estudo de grandes coletâneas de textos e possibilitar a análise dos padrões de linguagem em textos naturais, foi utilizada na elaboração dos glossários. A metodologia descreve a elaboração de glossários para quatro trabalhos com tópicos distintos, sendo que os corpora coletados têm como base as informações enviadas pelo contratante do serviço, biografias de palestrantes, resumos de palestras e outros documentos relacionados aos eventos. Os corpora foram explorados com o programa WordSmith Tools, e, ao final, os glossários foram avaliados em relação a sua eficácia para o evento de Interpretação estudado, tendo como base a transcrição das palestras proferidas. / Given the lack of data and the limited time available for the preparation of Conference Interpreters, this research aims to propose a methodology for the preparation of English/Portuguese bilingual glossaries, based on the preparation needs of professionals in the simultaneous interpreting mode, using Corpus Linguistics tools. In spite of the growing number of publications on Interpreting Studies, there is still no extensive bibliography in Portuguese that can provide support material for the preparation of interpreters. The proposed glossary model aims to include not only technical terms and acronyms, but also collocates of terms, proper names and paraphrases, including their correct pronunciation, whenever relevant. By having access to this information, Interpreters can follow the norms of language use of the target text, while depending less on their intuitive knowledge of the language, thus reducing the cognitive load. Interpreters have little time to prepare and, therefore, are unable to read large quantities of studying material. Corpus Linguistics enables the analysis of a large number of documents and language patterns in natural texts, which makes it very useful for the preparation of glossaries. The methodology describes the preparation of glossaries on four different topics and the collected corpora were based on information sent by the parties contracting Interpreting services, such as speakers biographies, lecture summaries and other documents related to the events. The corpora were explored with WordSmith Tools software and assessed with regard to their efficacy for the Interpreting event studied, based on the transcription of the lectures given.

University of Macau / Faculty of Arts and Humanities. / Department of English

University of Macau / Faculty of Arts and Humanities. / Department of English