Introdução: A endoscopia de contato (EC) foi um exame descrito inicialmente como método de analise da histologia uterina e das cordas vocais. Os primeiros estudos utilizando a EC nas cavidades nasais mostraram resultados promissores na diferenciação de lesões benignas, considerando que a biópsia tradicional pode trazer algumas complicações. Objetivo: Descrever e comparar os achados da EC no papiloma schneideriano invertido e no carcinoma espinocelular nasossinusal e testar a efetividade do exame como método não invasivo in vivo para diferenciação entre esses tumores. Métodos: Os pacientes inclusos no estudo foram divididos em grupo A, com diagnóstico de papiloma invertido e grupo B, com diagnóstico de carcinoma espinocelular. Os resultados da EC de cada lesão foram comparados entre si. As imagens gravadas dos exames foram apresentadas à examinadores sem experiência com a EC. Resultados: Um total de vinte e dois pacientes foram examinados, treze no grupo A e nove no grupo B. As principais diferenças nos achados da EC entre os dois grupos foram: presença de vasos espiralados, mitoses, queratinização e pleomorfismo nuclear no carcinoma e presença de células vacuolizadas no papiloma. Os examinadores, mesmo não habituados a este novo método, tiveram um bom índice de acerto no diagnóstico diferencial das duas lesões nasais, baseados apenas nas imagens da EC. Conclusão: A EC pode ser um exame não invasivo e in vivo útil para o diagnóstico diferencial entre o papiloma invertido e o carcinoma espinocelular nasossinusal, principalmente quando usado no planejamento pré-operatório do paciente. / Background: Contact endoscopy (CE) was initially described as a method used in the analysis of uterine and vocal folds histology. The first nasal cavity CE studies achieved promising results regarding its use for the differentiation between benign and malignant lesions, considering that biopsy might cause some complications, especially bleeding. Objective: Describe and compare the findings of CE on inverted papilloma and nasosinusal squamous cell carcinoma and test the effectiveness of this exam as a noninvasive method for in vivo differentiation between these tumors. Methods: The patients included in this study were divided into Group A, whose diagnosis was inverted papilloma, and Group B, whose diagnosis was squamous cell carcinoma. CE results were compared amongst themselves. CE images were presented to examiners not experienced with the method. Results: Twenty-two patients were examined, thirteen in Group A and nine in Group B. The main relevant differences in CE findings between those two groups were: corkscrew vessels, presence of mitoses, keratinization and nuclear pleomorphism in carcinoma, and vacuolated cells in papilloma. The examiners were capable of defining the diagnosis of these nasal tumors only based on CE images. Conclusion: CE may be a useful noninvasive exam to be used in the in vivo diagnosis of inverted papilloma and nasosinusal squamous cell carcinoma, which may enable better preoperative planning.

Neste trabalho é apresentada a avaliação da inversão da sacarose em um sistema constituído de um Evaporador de filme descendente com promotor de película. Foi feita a modelagem da inversão considerando-se os balanços de massa e de entalpia e a cinética de inversão no tubo de evaporação. Os principais parâmetros considerados foram: constante cinética (k), taxa de evaporação(mv), concentração de açúcares totais (C), vazão do líquido no tubo de evaporação (q), pH, temperatura (T) e tempo de residência no tubo de evaporação (T). Usaram-se dois métodos para a resolução do modelo, a primeira através da integração numérica do modelo (Runge Kutta de 4ta ordem) e a outra através de equacionamento simplificado a partir valores médios das propriedades, pH, e calculando as constantes cinéticas nas temperaturas efetivas em cada zona do tubo de evaporação, Tefa (zona de aquecimento) e Tefe (zona de evaporação), possibilitando assim, a integração analítica do modelo. Foram calculados os valores do volume do líquido (V) através dos dois métodos. Os resultados foram expressos em função da vazão do líquido (q). Verificou-se que os resultados calculados pelos dois métodos foram muito próximos. Os modelos desenvolvidos podem ser aplicados para a otimização do processo de evaporação visando à minimização da inversão da sacarose. O método desenvolvido possibilita a determinação do tempo de residência no tubo de evaporação. / In this work the evaluation of sucrose inversion in a system formed by falling film Evaporator with Promoter of film is presented. The modeling was made considering: mass and enthalpy balances and the kinetic of inversion in the evaporation tube. The mean parameters investigated were: kinetic constant (k), evaporation rate (mv), concentration of total sugars (C), volumetric velocity of the liquid in the evaporation tube (q), pH, temperature (T) and residence time in the evaporation tube (T). Two methods was used to solve the model, the first by numeric integration (Runge Kutta 4th Order) and the other by analytic integration of simplified model considering mean values of properties and pH, and the kinetic constant calculates at effective temperatures in each zone of the evaporation tube, Tefa and Tefe, allowed the analytic integration of the model. The volume of liquid in the evaporation tube (V) was calculated by the two methods (numeric integration and simplified methods). The results were expressed as a function of liquid flow rate (q). It was verified that the values obtained by the two methods were very closed. These models can be used for the optimization of the evaporation process emphasizing the minimization of the sucrose inversion. The methodology could be used for the determination of the residence time in the evaporation tube.

A busca por documentos relevantes ao usuário é um problema que se torna mais custoso conforme as bases de conhecimento crescem em seu ritmo acelerado. Este problema passou a resolvido por sistemas distribuídos, devido a sua escalabilidade e tolerância a falhas. O desenvolvimento de sistemas voltados a estas enormes bases de conhecimento -- e a maior de todas, a Internet -- é uma indústria que movimenta bilhões de dólares por ano no mundo inteiro e criou gigantes. Neste trabalho, são apresentadas e discutidas estruturas de dados e arquiteturas distribuídas que tratem o problema de indexar e buscar grandes coleções de documentos em sistemas distribuídos, alcançando grande desempenho e escalabilidade. Serão também discutidos alguns dos grandes sistemas de busca da atualidade, como o Google e o Apache Solr, além do planejamento de uma grande aplicação com protótipo em desenvolvimento. Um projeto próprio de sistema de busca distribuído foi implementado, baseado no Lucene, com idéias coletadas noutros trabalhos e outras novas. Em nossos experimentos, o sistema distribuído desenvolvido neste trabalho superou o Apache Solr com um vazão 37,4\\% superior e mostrou números muito superiores a soluções não-distribuídas em hardware de custo muito superior ao nosso cluster. / The search for relevant documents for the final user is a problem that becomes more expensive as the databases grown faster. The solution was brought by distributed systems, because of its scalability and fail tolerance. The development of systems focused on enormous databases -- including the World Wide Web -- is an industry that involves billions of dollars in the world and had created giants. In this work, will be presented and discussed data structures and distributed architectures related to the indexes and searching in great document collections in distributed systems, reaching high performance and scalability. We will also discuss some of the biggest search engines, such as Google e Apache Solr, and the planning of an application with a developing prototype. At last, a new project of a distributed searching system will be presented and implemented, based on Lucene, with ideas from other works and new ideas of our own. On our tests, the system developed in this work had throughput 37.4\\% higher than Apache Solr and revealed higher performance than non-distributed solutions in a hardware more expensive than our cluster.

abstract: Demand for green energy alternatives to provide stable and reliable energy solutions has increased over the years which has led to the rapid expansion of global markets in renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaic (PV) technology. Newest amongst these technologies is the Bifacial PV modules, which harvests incident radiation from both sides of the module. The overall power generation can be significantly increased by using these bifacial modules. The purpose of this research is to investigate and maximize the effect of back reflectors, designed to increase the efficiency of the module by utilizing the intercell light passing through the module to increase the incident irradiance, on the energy output using different profiles placed at varied distances from the plane of the array (POA). The optimum reflector profile and displacement of the reflector from the module are determined experimentally. Theoretically, a 60-cell bifacial module can produce 26% additional energy in comparison to a 48-cell bifacial module due to the 12 excess cells found in the 60-cell module. It was determined that bifacial modules have the capacity to produce additional energy when optimized back reflectors are utilized. The inverted U reflector produced higher energy gain when placed at farther distances from the module, indicating direct dependent proportionality between the placement distance of the reflector from the module and the output energy gain. It performed the best out of all current construction geometries with reflective coatings, generating more than half of the additional energy produced by a densely-spaced 60-cell benchmark module compared to a sparsely-spaced 48-cell reference module.ii A gain of 11 and 14% was recorded on cloudy and sunny days respectively for the inverted U reflector. This implies a reduction in the additional cells of the 60-cell module by 50% can produce the same amount of energy of the 60-cell module by a 48-cell module with an inverted U reflector. The use of the back reflectors does not only affect the additional energy gain but structural and land costs. Row to row spacing for bifacial systems(arrays) is reduced nearly by half as the ground height clearance is largely minimized, thus almost 50% of height constraints for mounting bifacial modules, using back reflectors resulting in reduced structural costs for mounting of bifacial modules / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Mechanical Engineering 2019

Segway has been a popular production as an alternative transporter since its invention at the end of 20th century. Millions of people like for its ergonomic design and high-tech elements. It is predicted to be an innovational product to change a person's life style. This thesis focuses on building a simple low cost, home-made Segway style scooter. This project uses two electric scooter motors, two 12V car batteries, one accelerometer and several microprocessors to build up the whole system. Significantly, this project also explains how to build a Brushed Direct Current (BDC) motor driver with a rated output power of more than 350W and the capability of coping with up to 120A transient peak current and up to 40A continuous current. Four-quadrant operation and eight modes of DC motor operation are discussed. A mathematical model of the Segway style scooter is also introduced in details. This including the modelling of a BDC motor, a two-wheeled inverted pendulum and their combination. The linearization of these models is used. At the end the linearized model is simulated in computer software.

The actin and microtubule cytoskeleton plays a critical role in the establishment of cell polarity. Cell processes like mitosis and migration rely on the reorganization of the cytoskeleton to properly function. One driver of cell polarity is the formin, Inverted Formin-1 (INF1). INF1 is able to induce F-actin formation, activate the Serum Response Factor (SRF) pathway, stabilize microtubules, associate with microtubules, and disperse the Golgi body. Regulation of INF1 is unique, since it does not possess conserved formin regulatory domains. However, INF1 does possess many potential phosphorylation sites. In this study, we demonstrate that INF1’s ability to induce F-actin stress fibers and activate SRF is inhibited by Microtubule-Affinity Regulating Kinase 2 (MARK2). Inhibition of INF1’s actin polymerization activity by MARK2 likely occurs near INF1’s C-terminus. However, MARK2 was unable to inhibit INF1’s ability to stabilize microtubules, associate with microtubules, and disperse the Golgi. Furthermore, we show that INF1 overexpression is associated with primary cilium absence and in some cases, the presence of long cilia, suggesting that INF1 plays a role in primary cilium formation.

Miniature Inverted-repeat Transposable Elements (MITEs) are a type of transposable element (TE) that lacks coding capacity. It has been established that in rice that certain Stowaway MITEs are mobilized by transposases from the Tc1/Mariner superfamily of TEs. To retrieve all Tc1/Mariner TEs from the genome, bioinformatic approaches were performed. A total of 295 Tc1/Mariner TEs that encoded a full or partial transposase were recorded which 100 were newly described. Sequence alignment, and identification of the catalytic motif placed these transposases into eight groups. A functional link was established by comparing the terminal sequences of the Stowaway-like MITEs to the termini of the terminal sequences of Tc1/Mariner TEs. A yeast excision assay was used to experimentally test these functional links. Majority of the Stowaway-like MITE and transposase combinations tested did not indicate a functional link. However, a possible functional link was observed between the AATp3-13 transposase and AAStow-5 Stowaway-like MITEs.

Miniature Inverted-repeat Transposable Elements (MITEs) are a type of transposable element (TE) that lacks coding capacity. It has been established that in rice that certain Stowaway MITEs are mobilized by transposases from the Tc1/Mariner superfamily of TEs. To retrieve all Tc1/Mariner TEs from the genome, bioinformatic approaches were performed. A total of 295 Tc1/Mariner TEs that encoded a full or partial transposase were recorded which 100 were newly described. Sequence alignment, and identification of the catalytic motif placed these transposases into eight groups. A functional link was established by comparing the terminal sequences of the Stowaway-like MITEs to the termini of the terminal sequences of Tc1/Mariner TEs. A yeast excision assay was used to experimentally test these functional links. Majority of the Stowaway-like MITE and transposase combinations tested did not indicate a functional link. However, a possible functional link was observed between the AATp3-13 transposase and AAStow-5 Stowaway-like MITEs.

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