Syftet med denna uppsats är att kartlägga arbetsgivarens respektive Försäkringskassans ansvar för arbetslivsinriktad rehabilitering, genom lagtext, föreskrifter, domstolspraxis och doktrin. I den arbetslivsinriktade rehabiliteringen finns det tre huvudaktörer: arbetsgivaren, Försäkringskassan och arbetstagaren. Arbetsgivaren har en rehabiliteringsskyldighet gentemot sina anställda, enligt arbetsmiljölagen och lagen om allmän försäkring. I rehabiliteringsansvaret ingår sedan 1992 att arbetsgivaren ska genomföra en rehabiliteringsutredning när den anställde varit helt eller delvis borta från arbetet under en tid. Arbetsgivaren har även ett ansvar för arbetsanpassning av t.ex. arbetsuppgifter, för att på så sätt möjliggöra för arbetstagaren att kunna fortsätta sitt arbete trots eventuell nedsatt arbetsförmåga. Utredningen ska sedan lämnas till Försäkringskassan inom åtta veckor. Utifrån arbetsgivarens rehabiliteringsutredning ska Försäkringskassan sedan upprätta en rehabiliteringsplan. Ändamålet med planen är att den försäkrade ska få den rehabilitering som behövs för att denne ska kunna återgå till arbetet så snabbt som möjligt. I de fall där det finns behov ska Försäkringskassan även kalla den försäkrade till ett avstämningsmöte, för att så snart som möjligt fånga upp den försäkrades möjlighet att återgå till arbete och vilket behov den försäkrades har av stöd i den processen. De olika typer av rehabiliteringsåtgärder som kan bli aktuella är främst arbetsträning och utbildning. Även arbetstagaren har ett rehabiliteringsansvar som går ut på att arbetstagaren aktivt måste delta i rehabiliteringsåtgärderna. Ansvars- och rollfördelningen mellan Försäkringskassan och arbetsgivaren är inte helt självklar utan det finns en inbakad problematik. Denna problematik tros bero på den otydlighet som finns mellan aktörernas ansvarsområden. I betänkandet SOU 2006:107 ger utredningen förslag på åtgärder för att tydliggöra lagarna och då också förtydliga ansvars- och rollfördelningen mellan aktörerna. Dessa förslag diskuteras vidare i uppsatsens avslutande kapitel. / The purpose of this essay is to describe the Swedish legislation and examine court cases concerning employers’ and the Social insurance office’s (Försäkringskassan) responsibility for rehabilitation of employees. There are three main players in regards to work related rehabilitation: the employer, the Social insurance office, and the employee. The employer is mainly responsible for work related rehabilitation, which is prescribed in the Work Environment Act (Arbetsmiljölagen) and the National Insurance Act (Lagen om allmän försäkring). The employer’s responsibilities for work related rehabilitation include, since 1992, conducting a rehabilitation investigation of the sick employees. The investigation shall lay the groundwork for the necessary steps to be taken at the workplace to insure that the employee can return to work. The employer also has a responsibility to modify work tasks to the individual employee insuring that the employee can continue to work even if the employee’s work capacity is reduced due to injury or disease. The rehabilitation investigation done by the employer must be turned over to the Social insurance office within eight weeks. The Social insurance office then makes a rehabilitation plan based on the investigation. The purpose of the plan is to insure the employee receives the rehabilitation that he/she needs to be able to return to work as fast as possible. The Social insurance office must also meet the employee for a meeting (avstämningsmöte) if deemed necessary. The purpose of the meeting is to establish what the employee’s needs are in regards to his/her rehabilitation. The two types of rehabilitation methods most commonly used are work training and education. The employee also has a responsibility to actively take part in the rehabilitation process. How one should distribute responsibility and divide roles between the social insurance office and the employer is not entirely clear. Currently, there exists a conflict between the different players about how to do this due to the lack of clearly established responsibilities and roles as pertain to each party. The parliament is trying to create more defined legislation with a new report called SOU 2006:107, which they hope will help clarify the individual responsibilities of all parties involved. These proposals will be discussed further in the essay’s final chapter.

When central HVAC systems are under commercial operation, all operational parameters, including chilled water supply temperature, return water temperature, chilled water flow rate, and power consumption as the key factors in affecting system energy efficiency.However, in Taiwan there is still lacking of the regression equations of chillers under local weather conditions, and has to rely on manual operation based on experiences. This is also the major short-comings in implementing TAB, and is the best way to renovate the green buildings to make them more intelligent. In this study, theoretical analysis and experimental investigation will be applied simultaneously. In selecting cases from the BeeUp program, actual operational data including COP can be fitted into experimental model to facilitate TAB engineering via BEMS system, in achieving system efficiency. Through the execution of this project, it is identified that the exhibition buildings with 10 hours cooling load, can achieve 7% energy savings. The good result obtained in this project , including the thermal energy storage HVAC system and the heat pump system can be widely adapted to obtain significant energy conservation effect.

This study examines whether corporate transparency about a restatement influences the Securities and Exchange Commission's (SEC) decision to issue an enforcement action. I consider corporate transparency to be higher when firms initiate an independent investigation into the restatement, display the restatement in a more prominent press release location, and/or report the restatement in a more visible SEC filing (i.e., Form 8-K). My sample of restatement observations spans nine years, 1997-2005, and is taken from the databases compiled by the General Accounting Office. For each restatement observation, I hand-collect information on SEC enforcement actions from the SEC's website and information on corporate transparency from company press releases and SEC filings. In order to determine the influence of corporate transparency, I develop a model predicting which restatement firms will be sanctioned by the SEC that includes measures of restatement severity, restatement characteristics, firm characteristics, and all three measures of corporate transparency. I find that, on average, greater restatement transparency increases the likelihood of an SEC sanction. This result is strongest before the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), where all three proxies for corporate transparency are positive and significant predictors of SEC enforcement actions. After SOX, however, more visible SEC filings decrease the likelihood of an SEC sanction, suggesting that the SEC rewards this type of transparent behavior. In addition, the SEC also rewards corporate transparency by reducing monetary penalties when an enforcement action is issued. These results extend prior research (Bowen et al. 2005; Files et al. 2008; Gordon et al. 2008; Myers et al. 2008) by providing the first evidence on how corporate transparency affects the SEC's decision to issue an enforcement action. The results may be useful to managers of restating firms and academics researching SEC enforcement actions.

A bluff structure placed in a flowing fluid, may be subjected to vortex-induced vibrations (VIV). For a flat plate with only rotational degree of freedom, the VIV is rotational oscillation. Based on the experimental investigation, vortex-induced oscillation of the plate is studied. The Strouhal number is measured from the stationary plate in a low speed steady wind tunnel. A set of vibration tests are conducted to investigate the relationships between shedding frequency and vibration frequency. “lock-in” phenomena is observed with and without large amplitude. An empiricalanalytical model via introducing a nonlinear van der Pol oscillator is developed. This thesis investigates the “lock-in” phenomena of a flat plate in pitch oscillation. Results from wind tunnel experiments on a flat plate indicate the “lock-in” is frequency “lock-in”, resonance which appears large response amplitude occurs in the “lock-in” regime and may be influenced by “lock-in” phenomena.

Information presented in site investigation reports has a strong influence in design, project costs and safety. For this reason, both the quality and the reliability of site investigation reports are important. However in our country, geotechnical engineering is relegated to second place and site investigation studies, especially parcel-basis ground investigation works / do not receive the attention they deserve. In this study, site investigation reports, that are required for the license of design projects, are examined and the missing/incorrect site investigations, laboratory tests, geotechnical evaluations and geotechnical suggestions that occur in the reports are catalogued. Also, frequency of each mistake is statistically examined / for geotechnical engineers, recommendations and solutions are presented to help them avoid frequent problems.

The two principles of ¡§secret investigation¡¨ and ¡§freedom of the press¡¨ are respectively the foundations of ¡§presumption of innocence,¡¨ a basic human right, and ¡§the right to know,¡¨ one of the basic citizen rights. The former principle guards against any sentence of suspects unreivewed by the juridical system and protects the reputation, privacy and other legal rights of all the related parties in the case. The latter are the fourth power apart from the executive, legislative and judicial branches. It allows for strict monitoring of the governmental performance and, therefore, prevents the government from abusing its powers. In practice, these two principles are rather complicatedly connected. This study begins by exploring the definition of investigation and, discussing the role and function of the police in the investigation process, and then introducing the basic ideas of the secret investigation principle. As for the freedom of the press, the study starts by explaining its meaning and introduces related theories, legal definition, protection and limitation. The study then continues with a discussion of press autonomy and information source of the press. At the end, the study provides analysis of the interviews to find out conflict and/or cooperation between the police and the media. The question raised in this study is ¡§How do the police respond to the requirements of the press freedom and protect the right to know without violating any legal regulation?¡¨ The methodology of this study is literature review of official documents and in-depth interview. The data collected from the literature review were compiled and rewritten into sixteen situation analysis tools, which were then reorganized into ten simulation cases. The cases were used as issue analysis tools in the in-depth interviews with the selected journalists and investigation squad chiefs. In the interview, the squad chiefs were asked what considerations or reactions they would have in each simulation case. The journalists were also asked what strategies or perspectives they would adopt in reporting each case. Comparisons were made to find out the differences and similarities between the squad chiefs and journalists in considering the same case so as to achieve maximum agreement between both sides under the premise of not breach any of the existing legal requirements. The study reached the following four conclusions: (1) the police should be educated about which action would violate the principle of secret investigation and what legal or administrative liability would ensue; (2) the police should understand the needs of the media and provide journalists with information within reasonable scope for media coverage; (3) the police should use assistance of devices and skills of related technologies; (4) finally, the government should cooperate with the media to make laws that can effectively regulate related issues.

The objective of this research is to evaluate and develop new forensic techniques for use in honeynet environments, in an effort to address areas where anti-forensic techniques defeat current forensic methods. The fields of Computer and Network Security have expanded with time to become inclusive of many complex ideas and algorithms. With ease, a student of these fields can fall into the thought pattern of preventive measures as the only major thrust of the topics. It is equally important to be able to determine the cause of a security breach. Thus, the field of Computer Forensics has grown. In this field, there exist toolkits and methods that are used to forensically analyze production and honeypot systems. To counter the toolkits, anti-forensic techniques have been developed. Honeypots and production systems have several intrinsic differences. These differences can be exploited to produce honeypot data sources that are not currently available from production systems. This research seeks to examine possible honeypot data sources and cultivate novel methods to combat anti-forensic techniques. In this document, three parts of a forensic framework are presented which were developed specifically for honeypot and honeynet environments. The first, TimeKeeper, is an inode preservation methodology which utilizes the Ext3 journal. This is followed with an examination of dentry logging which is primarily used to map inode numbers to filenames in Ext3. The final component presented is the initial research behind a toolkit for the examination of the recently deployed Ext4 file system. Each respective chapter includes the necessary background information and an examination of related work as well as the architecture, design, conceptual prototyping, and results from testing each major framework component.

The purpose of this study is to improve site investigation in geotechnical engineering via the evaluation and development of statistical approaches for characterizing the spatial variability of soil properties and the development of site investigation simulation software for educational use. This study consists of four components: statistical characteristics, data measurement, simulation, and educational training. Statistical measures of spatial variability of soil properties were examined for three different geographical areas where soil formation processes differ to assess the influence on the spatial variability of soils. Statistical measures of spatial variability were also calculated for a case history where blasting was used as a method of soil improvement to evaluate the effects of man-made changes to soil structure. The concept of spatial aliasing was employed to estimate the maximum allowable sampling interval for field data as a function of the spatial correlation properties. Once a maximum statistically allowable sampling interval is determined for a specific soil property, the minimum statistically required number of soundings / borings is calculated to perform an economical site investigation at a specific site. A simple and efficient simulation technique was proposed to generate correlated, multi-dimensional simulations of soil properties. Based on limited data, the proposed simulation technique generated accurate and correlated simulations of soil properties that are consistent with the observed or proposed correlation structures of soil properties. Lastly, a geotechnical site investigation simulation program with a wide variety of in situ and laboratory tests was developed to allow students to plan and perform a comprehensive site investigation program. The simulation generates an input file based partly on the statistical characteristics of the spatial variability of soil properties analyzed in this study and partly on traditional values. Spatial variability in soil properties is modeled via correlated random fields, interpolation, and a decomposition method to yield realistic geotechnical data. Via the simulation, students are able to obtain experience and judgment in an essential component of geotechnical engineering practice. The four components of this research (statistical characteristics, data measurement, simulation, and educational training) focus on the improvement of site investigation performance in geotechnical engineering, thereby improving reliability analysis in geotechnical practice.

The rapid growth of the microelectronics industry in the last decades made it possible to produce structures in the sub-micrometer scale on silicon chips and to reach an integration scale under 100 nm. Decreasing the size and increasing the complexity of these structures make a control of quality and defects investigation more difficult. During a long time ultrasound devices are being used for nondestructive investigation of materials, like ultrasound microscopes, scanning photo-acoustic microscopes or scanning electron-acoustic microscopes, where acoustic waves are generated by acoustic transducers, focused laser or electron beams, respectively. The aim of this work is to investigate more precisely the acoustic wave generation by pulsed and periodically modulated ion beams in different solid materials depending on the beam parameters and to demonstrate the possibility to apply an intensity modulated focused ion beam (FIB) for acoustic emission and for nondestructive investigation of the internal structure of materials on a microscopic scale. The combination of a FIB and an ultrasound microscope in one device can provide the opportunity of nondestructive investigation, production and modification of micro- and nanostructures simultaneously. The FIB spot size in modern systems is comparable with that of a focused electron beam and the penetration depth of ions with energy of 20-60 keV is lower than 100 nm. This makes it possible to reach a sub-micrometer resolution of a scanning ion acoustic microscope. On the other hand side a FIB with energy of 20-60 keV is a good tool which can be used for the fabrication of nanostructures using ion milling, implantation or ion beam assisted deposition techniques. The bulk ultrasound emission in a solid was investigated using a pulsed high energy ion beam focused on aluminum, copper, iron and silicon samples. Oxygen, silicon and gold ion beams were applied in charge states from 1+ to 4+ with the pulse duration of 0.5 - 4 µs and an energy of 1.5 - 10 MeV. Intensity of the detected acoustic waves shows a linear dependence on the energy of the incident ions, on the ion flux as well as on the pulse duration. No influence of the ion charge and ion mass to the emission of acoustic waves was observed. The ion acoustic effect was applied for a nondestructive material inspection using intensity modulated FIB providing by the IMSA-100 FIB system with an accelerating potential of 30-35 kV. The achieved lateral resolution of this scanning ion acoustic microscope is in the micrometer range depending on the sample material and the beam modulation frequency. The resolution can be improved by increasing the frequency. The maximal modulation frequency which was obtained at IMSA-100 is about 2 MHz corresponding to lateral resolution of 4-5 µm on silicon. Using this microscope, some images of integrated microstructures on a silicon chip were obtained using the lock-in technique for filtering of the signal from the noise and increasing of the total imaging time. The possibility to visualize near sub-surface structure was demonstrated. Due to the strong sputtering effect and the long time of irradiation the imaged structures were significantly damaged. Si2+, Ge2+, Ga+ and Au+ ions were used. All these ions are quite heavy and have high sputtering coefficients. Long-time imaging improves the quality of acoustic images, i. e. the signal-to-noise ratio is reduced with the square root from the pixel time, but leads to significant erosion of the imaged structure.

Ce travail se situe à l'intersection de deux champs de la recherche en éducation : les didactiques des sciences et les environnements informatiques pour l'apprentissage humain. Il s'inscrit dans un cadre socio-constructiviste et vise à identifier les conditions pour que des élèves puissent s'engager de manière autonome dans un travail d'investigation lors d'une classe de terrain en sciences de la Terre. <br />Nous développons l'idée que l'apprentissage des sciences s'appuie nécessairement sur la conduite d'une démarche d'investigation c'est-à-dire une démarche qui, dans le cadre de la résolution d'un problème, conduit à mettre en tension un modèle scientifique – considéré comme un outil « pour penser » - et un registre empirique constitué lors d'activités de terrain. Nous montrons également que la question de l'instrumentation est une question centrale et que l'intérêt de l'Environnement Informatique pour l'Apprentissage Humain (EIAH) que nous avons conçu réside dans le fait qu'il peut permettre de médiatiser les interactions, c'est-à-dire d'assister les élèves dans leur démarche d'investigation, et de permettre au professeur d'exercer un certain contrôle sur ce processus. Les environnements informatiques sont alors considérés comme des instruments qui sont construits par les apprenants au cours de leur activité et qui participent à la reconfiguration des processus d'apprentissage.