Text in English / Procurement fraud is an enormous problem and the South African news is perforated with reports of this illicit act. Procurement fraud occurs in all the phases of the procurement cycle, but this illicit act is mostly committed during the tender phase. Business does not see procurement fraud as a crime and therefor this crime is committed due to non-existent internal controls and processes to assess the adequacy of these controls. The purpose of the research was to highlight that procurement fraud occurs when internal controls are being bypassed or if an entity has an ineffective internal control system. The researcher studied the appraising of internal controls to understand the role it plays in detecting, preventing and investigating procurement fraud, specifically during the tender phase. The research design utilised was a qualitative research approach and an empirical design plan or strategy, to obtain the information. The researcher opted for this design to obtain information from literature and information from individuals in appraising internal controls. This ensured a comprehensive data gathering process. The goal of this research was to provide practical recommendations to assist investigators in private and public sectors with investigations into procurement fraud during a tender. / Police Practice / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

The purpose of this research was to investigate the creative process of six professional American Belly Dancers: Shannon Conklin, Elena Villa, Lila McDaniel, TC Skinner, Manny Garcia, and Cera Byer. I took a class with each dancer, witnessed each dancer creating movement, and witnessed each dancer perform. After each experience I held discussions with each dancer. I learned that, for some of the dancers, music is everything, but for others, Belly Dance can be performed to any sound. For some of the dancers, Belly Dance is highly codified, and for others it is experimental. For some of the dancers, Belly Dance is a solo endeavor, but for others, dancing with a troupe is essential. Following these findings, I created six movement explorations - one based on each professional Belly Dancer in my study. Supplemental video footage of these explorations can be viewed as a companion to this written document.

The study evaluated the questions used in a polygraph test. It focused on criminal investigative tests (also referred to as “criminal specific tests”), those tests conducted when a criminal offence has been committed and the in-test phase questions (those test questions asked to address what is under investigation). To conduct a successful criminal investigative polygraph test, it is important that polygraphists be familiar with the types of questions used in a polygraph test and how they should be formulated for more effective outcomes. The recognition of these questions and how they are formulated is of utmost importance as it determines the success of the criminal investigative polygraph test. / Police Practice / M.Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

Text in Afrikaans / Die aard en omvang van motorvoertuigdiefstal in Suid-Afrika, het die ondersoeker aangespoor om 'n studie van die verskynsel soos dit in die Pretoria-Sentraal polisiestasiegebied voorkom, te loods. Data wat uit die dokumentere studie van gebeure ingesamel is, is rekenkundig gekwantifiseer en het besondere misdaadpatrone wat betrekking het op motordiefstal aan die lig gebring. Dit het tot die formulering van 'n multidissiplinere misdaadvoorkomingsbestuursmodel bygedra. Vanwee die erns van die verskynsel en die ekonomiese implikasies wat dit meebring, moet daar op 'n voortdurende grondslag navorsing uitgevoer word ten einde metodes te verskaf om die omvang van motorvoertuigdiefstal te verminder. Die owerheid moet 'n belangrike rol speel in die oplossing van die probleem. / The nature and extent of motorvehicle theft in South Africa encouraged the researcher to pilot a study into the phenomenon as it manifests itself at the Pretoria-Central police station area. Data gathered, in a documentary study of events, has been arithmetically quantified and reveal particular crime patterns relating to motorcar theft. This contributed to the formulation of a multidisciplinary crime prevention management model. Due to the seriousness of the phenomenon and the economic implications it causes, in depth research needs to be undertaken on a continuous basis to establish means to reduce the extent of motorvehicle theft. The authorities should play an important role in resolving the problem. / Criminology and Security Science / M.A. (Kriminologie)

Esta dissertação procurou identificar ações concretas que podem ser desenvolvidas para evitar torturas e violações de direitos humanos perpetrados por agentes da polícia no ato de investigação de crimes na província de Tete, em Moçambique. Através de entrevistas e questionários dirigidos aos agentes que compõem o sistema de administração da justiça – juízes, procuradores, membros da Liga Moçambicana dos Direitos Humanos, advogados do Instituto de Patrocínio e Assistência Jurídica e membros da Polícia de Moçambique – foi possível perceber as causas que levam os polícias a pautar pela tortura no ato da investigação criminal e identificar ações para evitá-la. A pesquisa revelou variadas causas que contribuem para que a polícia na Cidade de Tete cometa o crime de tortura durante a investigação de crimes: parte-se, pois, da má formação dos agentes policiais em matéria dos direitos humanos até a falta de uma lei própria que defina e criminalize a tortura em Moçambique, além da ausência de um advogado por parte do suspeito no momento do primeiro interrogatório policial e da fiscalização deficitária das celas da polícia e das penitenciárias por parte dos órgãos competentes (procuradores) para evitar casos de maus-tratos e/ou tratamentos desumanos nesses locais de detenção. Como recomendação, propõe-se a criação de uma lei própria e exclusiva que defina e incrimine a tortura; a presença obrigatória de um advogado durante o primeiro interrogatório policial – em caso de o indiciado não ter condições de contratar um advogado particular, que lhe seja garantido um defensor oficioso por parte do governo; a inspeção médica imediatamente após a detenção para apurar se o suspeito possui lesões corporais e, em caso afirmativo, a apuração das causas das lesões; revisões periódicas e formações sistemáticas de regras de interrogatórios, instruções, métodos e práticas aos agentes aplicadores das leis por parte do Estado; e a realização de visitas e inspeções regulares aos locais de detenção por um órgão independente que tenha poderes para ouvir queixas dos detidos de modo a obter informações sobre o tratamento policial. / This research aims to identify concrete actions that can be developed to prevent the violation of human rights and actions of torture performed by police officers on criminal investigation in the province of Tete, Mozambique. Interviews and questionnaires delivered to the agents responsible for the justice system, such as, judges, prosecutors, members of the Mozambican League of Human Rights, lawyers from the Institute for Legal Assistance and Representation, and police officers, have revealed why do police officers torture suspects under investigation, making it possible to identify actions that best prevent the violation of human rights in such cases. Among the causes that contribute for the police of the province of Tete, Mozambique, to commit the crime of torture during criminal investigation are: the poor instruction of police officers as far as Human Rights are concerned; the absence of a specific law to define and criminalize the practice of torture in the country; the absence of the attorney at the moment of the first police interrogation; and the lack of inspection in police cells and penitentiaries by relevant bodies (prosecutors) to prevent cases of abuse and ill-treatment in places of detention. As a recommendation, it is proposed: the creation of a separate and unique law to define, incriminate and apply an abstract criminal frame for the crime of torture; the mandatory presence of the attorney by the time of the first police interrogation (if the suspect is unable to get a private attorney on his own, then the government must ensure him a public defender); a physical exam right after the arrest so as to ascertain whether the suspect is injured (if so, the causes of the injury must be determined); regular systematic reviews and lectures on interrogation rules, instructions, methods and practices for laws agents; and regular visits and inspections in places of detention by an independent body that is empowered to hear complaints from prisoners in order to learn about police treatment.

Esta dissertação apresenta uma experiência de abordagem do conceito de congruência de figuras planas, no Ensino Fundamental, por meio de estudo das transformações isométricas. O estudo foi realizado com uma turma de alunos do nono ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública municipal de Parobé, no Rio Grande do Sul. Sob a inspiração do modelo de cooperação investigativa de Ole Skovsmose, foram desenvolvidas atividades de natureza exploratória e investigativa com questões abertas ao diálogo entre os participantes da pesquisa e uso de materiais manipulativos e de um software de geometria dinâmica. As soluções propostas pelos alunos e as discussões realizadas durante o desenvolvimento das atividades foram registradas por meio das produções escritas dos alunos, de gravações em áudio e vídeo e de arquivos elaborados no ambiente do software GeoGebra. As análises desses registros permitiram concluir que os alunos compreenderam o conceito de congruência de figuras planas por meio da exploração e da discussão sobre as transformações isométricas. / This work presents an experience of an approach of the concept of plane figures, in elementary school, through the study of isometric transformations. This study was conducted with a ninth grade group of students of a public elementary school in the city of Parobé, Rio Grande do Sul. Under the inspiration of the investigative cooperation model of Ole Skovsmose, exploratory and investigative nature activities were developed and open questions were proposed in order to establish a dialogue between the participants in the research. The use of manipulative materials and a dynamic geometry software has also been applied. The solutions proposed by the students and the discussion conducted during the activities development were recorded through written papers, audio and video recordings and files created with GeoGebra software environment. Through the analysis of these records, the conclusion was that the students understood the concept of congruence of plane figures through the exploration and the discussion around the isometric transformations.

Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar quantitativa e qualitativamente os fatores classificados como relevantes para o desencadeamento dos surtos toxinfectivos alimentares, bem como a descrição detalhada do preparo do alimento suspeito em linha de produção, em surtos alimentares encerrados entre 2001 e 2010 no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, registrados pelo fiscal sanitário executor da vistoria. Constituíram-se material de estudo os arquivos manuscritos de investigações consideradas concluídas no período entre 2001 e 2010, disponibilizados pela Divisão de Vigilância Epidemiológica / DVE, Programa de Vigilância Epidemiológica das Doenças Transmitidas pelos Alimentos do Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde / CEVS, da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / SESRS. As informações foram organizadas quantitativamente em tabelas de frequências absoluta e relativa simples e enfocadas qualitativamente segundo técnica de análise de conteúdo. Relacionados aos conteúdos manifestos nos surtos foram desvelados fatores subjacentes de natureza educacional, como desconhecimento e desmotivação, na ordem de 58,3%, bem como fatores de natureza tecnológica (12,5%), ideológica (8,33%), econômico-financeira (8,33%), ambiental-logística (4,17%) e ambiental-estrutural (8,33%). Ressalta-se a importância e a complexidade das investigações de surtos alimentares destaca-se a necessidade de avaliação dos instrumentos de registro de dados sanitários e epidemiológicos adequando-os à realidade local e global; sugere-se aos gestores públicos em Vigilância de Alimentos investimento na formação de recursos humanos, com ênfase aos fiscais sanitários, protagonistas executores das vistorias. / This study aimed to analyze quantitatively and qualitatively the factors classified as relevant in the outbreak toxinfectivos foods, as well as a detailed description of the suspect food preparation in the production line, in food outbreaks concluded from 2001 to 2010 in Rio Grande do Sul State, done by sanitarian officials responsible for the visits. The material of the study was constituted by the investigation of manuscript files concluded from 2001 to 2010, made available by the Epidemiological Vigilance Division (DVE) from the Program of Epidemiologic Vigilance of Diseases Transmitted by Food from the State Center of Health Vigilance (CEVS) part of the State Health Secretary of Rio Grande do Sul (SESRS). The information was organized quantitatively in tables of absolute and simple relative frequencies and focused qualitatively based on the analyses of content approach.Related to the contents verified in the outbreaks manifestation, some subjacent factors were revealed: the most significant was of educational nature considering acknowledge and demotivation (58,3%), of technological nature (12,5%), of ideological nature (8,33%), of financial nature (8,33%), logistic environment (4,17%) and structural environment (8,33%).It is highlighted the importance and complexity of outbreak investigations on toxi-infective food; it is made necessary an evaluation of the registration instruments of sanitarian and epidemiologic data, considering the local and global realities; it is suggested as well to the public government of Food Vigilance, more investments on the human resource formation, mainly to the sanitarian officials, as they are the protagonists responsible for the sanitarian vigilance visits.

Este trabalho de pesquisa investigou o processo de aprendizagem de geometria em uma turma do sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola da rede municipal de Porto Alegre. Durante dois meses do ano de 2016, foram desenvolvidos os conceitos de quadriláteros, triângulos e de Transformações Geométricas (translação, rotação e reflexão) sob a perspectiva da Investigação Matemática em sala de aula, metodologia de ensino que possui potencial para desencadear o processo de construção do conhecimento. Durante este período, os estudantes realizaram a investigação de quadriláteros e de triângulos, utilizando o software GeoGebra como recurso das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC). Os alunos construíram estes polígonos no GeoGebra, através de orientações passo-a-passo que foram disponibilizadas através de formulários online. Ao longo destas construções, os estudantes responderam a questionamentos também contidos nestes formulários online, de forma a identificar as propriedades contidas em cada construção, referentes a cada figura geométrica. Posteriormente, registraram as propriedades de cada polígono em uma tabela de características, de forma a organizar as propriedades de cada quadrilátero e de cada triângulo estudado. Para a investigação das Transformações Geométricas, desenvolveu-se um trabalho fazendo-se uso de tesselações no plano (coberturas para o plano). Para esta etapa da investigação, utilizou-se o applet “Design a Tessellation”, que é um recurso online e gratuito no qual o usuário pode criar diferentes coberturas para o plano através de uma unidade de tesselação quadrada. Os alunos fizeram uso de formulários online para responder aos questionamentos sobre as Transformações Geométricas estudadas, assim como folhas com atividades e malhas impressas para a criação de tesselações. Para a análise do processo de aprendizagem dos estudantes, foi utilizada a perspectiva dos níveis de Van Hiele, que classifica os níveis de pensamento geométrico, utilizando também uma abordagem que admite a existência de níveis intermediários. Além disso, este trabalho também formulou uma complementação para os níveis de Van Hiele quanto às Transformações Geométricas, de forma a analisar os dados obtidos com a pesquisa de uma maneira mais detalhada. Com a pesquisa finalizada, conclui-se que houve progresso dos níveis de Van Hiele para os estudantes analisados. / This research investigated the learning process of geometry in a class of the sixth grade of Elementary School, of a municipal school in Porto Alegre. During two months of 2016, the concepts of quadrilaterals, triangles and Geometric Transformations (translation, rotation and reflection) were developed from the perspective of Math Investigation in the classroom, teaching methodology which has the potential to develop the process of knowledge construction. During this period, students performed the investigation of quadrilaterals and triangles, using GeoGebra software as a resource of Information and Communication Technologies (TIC). The students constructed these polygons in GeoGebra, through step-by-step guidelines, which were made available through online forms. Throughout these constructions, the students answered the questions also contained in these online forms, in order to identify the properties contained in each construction, referring to each geometric figure. Later, they registered the properties of each polygon in a table of characteristics, in order to organize the properties of each quadrilateral and of each triangle studied. For the investigation of the Geometric Transformations, a work was developed making use of tessellations in the plane (covers for the plane). For this stage of the research, the "Design a Tessellation" applet was used, which is an online and free resource, where the user can create different covers for the plane, through a square tessellation unit. Students used online forms to answer questions about Geometric Transformations studied, as well as sheets with activities, and printed meshes for the creation of tessellations. For the analysis of the students' learning process, the Van Hiele levels perspective was also used, which classifies the levels of geometric thinking, using an approach that admits the existence of intermediate levels. In addition, this work also formulated a complementation for the Van Hiele levels, regarding Geometric Transformations, in order to analyze the data obtained with the research in a more detailed way. With the research completed, it is concluded that there was progress of the levels of Van Hiele for the analyzed students.

Submitted by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-10-13T18:11:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS MP ROSANGELA MENESES. 2010.pdf: 1029228 bytes, checksum: a495ab1d732bfbe849331458f7d36a37 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-10-13T18:13:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS MP ROSANGELA MENESES. 2010.pdf: 1029228 bytes, checksum: a495ab1d732bfbe849331458f7d36a37 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-13T18:13:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS MP ROSANGELA MENESES. 2010.pdf: 1029228 bytes, checksum: a495ab1d732bfbe849331458f7d36a37 (MD5) / Introdução: Este estudo analisou o perfil da resistência aos medicamentos contra a tuberculose, a partir da participação do estado da Bahia no II Inquérito Nacional de Resistência a Drogas em Tuberculose realizado nos anos 2006 e 2007. Método: Estudo transversal, do tipo descritivo, exploratório, realizado em 16 municípios do estado da Bahia. Foram incluídos os sintomáticos respiratórios que tiveram tuberculose confirmada por baciloscopia e cultura e foram notificados no SINAN. Foi estimada a prevalência de resistência (primária, adquirida, multirresistência, monorresistência a Isoniazida) e analisadas associações segundo sexo, idade, raça/cor, escolaridade e comorbidades. Resultados: Entre os 687 casos de tuberculose estudados e com informações disponíveis no SINAN, 67,1% eram do sexo masculino; 52,4% estavam na faixa etária ≥25 e < 45 anos, 87,3% eram não brancos (562/644) e as comorbidades identificadas foram 20,8% HIV+, 1,2% com Aids, 17,2% com problemas de alcoolismo, 4,4% com diabetes e 1,5% com doença mental. Verificou-se que a resistência primária foi 10,59% e a resistência adquirida foi 16,44%. A multirresistência (MR) global foi observada em 1,3% dos pacientes, a MR primária de 0,81%, a MR adquirida de 5,47% e a monorresistência a isoniazida foi 3,8%. Considerações Finais: Concluiu-se que a multirresistência aos tuberculostáticos na Bahia é baixa, entretanto as prevalências da resistência primária e da resistência adquirida são altas. A análise destes resultados poderá colaborar na definição de estratégias para o efetivo controle da doença no estado e sugere-se que novas investigações busquem identificar os fatores que contribuem para a resistência primária, indicador da ocorrência da transmissão da TBMR na comunidade. / Introduction: This study analyzed the profile of drug resistance for tuberculosis in Bahia, from participation in the Second National Survey of Drug Resistance in Tuberculosis held in years 2006 and 2007 with the participation of 16 municipalities, including the capital. Method: Cross sectional, descriptive, exploratory, conducted in 16 counties of the state of Bahia. We included symptomatic patients who had TB confirmed by sputum smear and culture were reported in SINAN. It was estimated the prevalence of resistance (primary, acquired, multidrug resistance, a single drug isoniazid) and analyzed associations by gender, age, race, education, and comorbidities. Results: Among 687 cases of tuberculosis studied and information available from SINAN, 67.1% were male, 52.4% were aged ≥ 25 and <45 years, 87.3% were non-whites (562 / 644) and comorbidities identified HIV were 20.8%, 1.2% with AIDS, 17.2% with alcohol abuse, 4.4% to 1.5% with diabetes and mental illness. It was found that the primary resistance was 10.59% and 16.44% was acquired resistance. The multidrug resistance (MDR) rate was observed in 1.3% of patients, the primary of 0.81% MR, MR gained 5.47% and single drug isoniazid was 3.8%. Conclusion: We concluded that the multiresistance to antitubercular drugs in Bahia is low, however the prevalence of primary resistance and acquired resistance are high. Analysis of these results may assist in developing strategies for effective disease control in the state and it is suggested that further research can identify factors that contribute to primary resistance, indicating the occurrence of transmission of MDR-TB in the community.

One of the activities conducted by state fire supervision authorities is the investigation of the cause of fires (ZPP) and one of its areas is explosions. These cases are requiring investigators to have very specific knowledge. The intention of the MV-GŘ HZS ČR is to create updated methodological material for ZPP, which will include a section devoted to the investigation of explosions. A major source of information for the creation of this material was the American guide NFPA 921. My goal was to collect Czech and foreign material dealing with different aspects of explosions, to compare this information with the content of NFPA 921 and determine the usability of these sources for the planned methodological manual. The research question was whether current conditions for ZPP and its procedures are adequate for HZS ČR investigators in the case of explosions. I also processed data on explosions using the Incident Statistics/Response Reports (SSU/ZOZ) program. Processed data created a picture of the development of these cases in ČR. The following findings emerged from that process: the number of cases has continued to increase and the dominant area where explosions occur in, is housing. In all areas the dominant cause is human negligence. The most frequent types of explosions are gas explosions. Explosions of flammable liquid vapour dominate the number of deaths as a direct consequence. When comparing the information in Czech material with NFPA 921, discrepancies were found in the values of the properties in the tables. With the modification the information in NFPA 921 is usable for the Czech manual. When confronted with statistical outputs, the shortcomings of the topics in NFPA 921 emerge. The investigative procedures are focus largely on explosions of considerable scope. These cases form a tiny percentage in ČR and their application is limited. There is a lack of concrete information on their most common causes. Thus NFPA 921, together with Czech material, is primarily of use as a general overview. In view of these facts, I have concluded that the information base and conditions required for ZPP are not adequate for HZS ČR investigators. The text presented in the results section of this work is designed to fill this gap of ZPP and can be used as the basis for the creation of the planned methodological manual.