The first chapter deals with basic issues of mutual fund industry. The aim of this chapter is to look at mutual fund as an institution especially from a fundamental economic perspective and come through into its economic nature. Furthermore the chapter contain description of main benefits of mutual funds as compared with the individual investment, draws attention to the problem of conflicts of interest and contains the basic classification of investment funds. The aim of the second chapter is to describe in basic features of legal framework of mutual fund industry in Czech Republic in the light of new Investment Company and Investment Fund Law. With regard to the scope of respective law, focuses the chapter mainly on applicability, structure, individual persons, legal forms and on some chosen questions. Content of the third chapter is brief treatise about taxation with respect to the mutual fund industry. This include case study performed on model situation and outline to the investment fund taxation in Luxembourg and Cayman Islands. The goal of this chapter is to evaluate whether intention to set up an attractive tax environment in the Czech Republic was successful or not.

En financiarisant des populations exclues de la finance traditionnelle (banque, marchés financiers), la Microfinance s'est vu assigner une mission de lutte contre la pauvreté : elle permettrait ainsi aux individus de financer leurs propres activités économiques génératrices de richesse. Mais la financiarisation de ces populations induit certains effets, non anticipés, et dont les conséquences sur leur comportement ne sont pas négligeables : pour pouvoir les servir, les Institutions de Microfinance ont transféré sur ces populations le risque de crédit et le coût de sélection. Cette thèse se propose d'analyser, à travers la théorie de l'entrepreneur, les conséquences d'un tel transfert sur les aptitudes entrepreneuriales des individus. D'après notre analyse, au-delà d'une certaine dose de risque, il est vain de penser qu'un individu endossera davantage de risques économiques en se lançant dans une activité innovante porteuse de richesse. Dans le contexte particulièrement risqué dans lequel vivent les populations bénéficiaires de services de Microfinance, il faut réfléchir à des solutions qui permettent de réduire le risque supporté par l'entrepreneur et non à des solutions qui ont pour conséquence l'augmentation du niveau de risque supporté par celui-ci. Notre travail participe à cette réflexion et à la recherche de solutions viables. / By financing people excluded from traditional finance (banking, financial markets), microfinance has been assigned a mission to fight against poverty by enabling individuals to finance their own activities generating economic wealth. But financialization of these populations involves some effects yet to unanticipated consequences on the behavior of beneficiaries: to be able to serve them, microfinance institutions have transferred credit risk and the cost of selection. Through the theory of the entrepreneur, this thesis will analyze the consequences of such a transfer on the individual's entrepreneurial skills. According to our analysis, beyond a certain amount of risk, it is pointless to consider an individual endorse more economic risks by engaging in innovative activity. In a particularly risky environment in which beneficiaries of microfinance services live, it is necessary to consider solutions that reduce the risk borne by the contractor and not solutions which result in increased levels risk supported by the individual. Our work launch this debate and search a viable solution.

Este trabalho apresenta a aplicação de uma abordagem via programação estocástica linear para definição da alocação de ativos ótima em um fundo de investimento estruturado. A carteira adotada é formada por caixa, futuro de Ibovespa e call de Ibovespa. A partir da definição da alocação ótima é feita uma análise do sucesso dessa carteira em superar a performance do índice Bovespa. Além disso, é feita uma análise comparativa contra uma carteira formada apenas por caixa e um ativo com retorno igual ao do índice Bovespa à vista. Tal comparação analisa a diferença de performance e também a diferença de risco medido pelo VaR (value at risk) versus retorno. A metodologia adotada para obtenção da alocação ótima é baseada na geração de uma árvore de cenários de parâmetros de mercado sobre a qual os ativos que formam a carteira são revalorizados de tal modo que o lucro acumulado ao fim do prazo de vida do fundo seja maximizado. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a performance da carteira formada por caixa, futuros e calls supera a performance da carteira formada por caixa e índice Bovespa à vista mesmo quando sujeito a um mesmo nível de risco. Além disso, a metodologia de comparação proposta neste trabalho também se mostrou bastante útil na prática de tomada de decisões de investimento por permitir comparar a performance de estratégias de investimentos dinâmicas. / This paper presents an application that uses linear stochastic programming to define the optimal asset allocation of an structured investment fund. The portfolio adopted is comprised of cash, Ibovespa futures and calls of Ibovespa. The performance of the portfolio with optimal allocation is compared to the performance of Bovespa index. Moreover, the performance of the portfolio with optimal allocation is also compared with that of a portfolio comprised of cash and a risky asset with return equal to the Bovespa index return. Such analysis highlights not only the differences of performance but also the differences of the associated risk level measured by the VaR (Value at Risk) versus return. The methodology used for obtaining the optimal allocation is based on an event tree of market parameters, which is used to reprice the assets comprising the portfolio so that the total profit at the end of the funds life is maximized. The results show that the portfolio comprised of cash, Ibovespa futures and calls of Ibovespa outperforms the Bovespa index and also the portfolio comprised of cash and Bovespa index even when subject to the same level of risk. The analysis developed in this paper allows the comparison between dynamic investment strategies, which can be very useful on practical decision making process of asset and liability management.

Atualmente no Brasil, é possível observar um movimento no mercado dos FIIs (Fundos de Investimento Imobiliário). Este movimento inclui desde alterações recentes na regulamentação, nos prospectos e regulamentos como alterações nos novos tipos que têm sido ofertados no mercado. Além disso, este mercado está em uma fase de grande expansão, no cenário nacional. O ambiente econômico nacional e internacional têm propiciado uma busca por alternativas de investimento, e o FII possui características muito relevantes. Em um mercado cada vez mais pulverizado e mais negociado em bolsa de valores, os critérios de Governança Corporativa se tornam peça fundamental para qualquer tipo de investimento, com seus diversos aspectos, representa transparência, equidade no tratamento e prestação de contas. Itens fundamentais requeridos pelo investidor atual, que busca diversificar seu risco em veículos de investimento transparentes e com retorno considerável. Diante do momento econômico do mercado, da movimentação dos FIIs e da relevância dos critérios de Governança Corporativa, surge o presente estudo. Analisando as alterações no ambiente de investimento FII, com base em seus prospectos, regulamentos e na própria regulamentação, é possível identificar como seus critérios de Governança Corporativa estão atualmente. Comparando os critérios presentes nos FIIs com os critérios presentes em outros ambientes de investimento nacionais é possível identificar o seu posicionamento no mercado. A partir das evidências coletadas nos itens anteriores o estudo buscou validá-las através da realização de entrevistas com gestores. O presente trabalho conclui como as alterações dos critérios de Governança Corporativa influenciam o posicionamento dos FIIs no mercado, quais alterações ainda podem ser feitas para aumentar sua flexibilidade e discute os reflexos de alterações de Governança Corporativa em ambientes de investimento. / Presently in Brazil, it is possible to observe a movement in the markets for real estate investment funds. This movement includes since recent changes in legislation, in prospects and regulations as well as changes in the new types that have been offered on the market. Furthermore, this market is undergoing a major nationwide expansion. The international and national economic environment has encouraged a pursuit for alternative investments, and the real estate investment funds offer very relevant features. In a increasingly segmented market and mostly traded on the stock market, the criteria for corporate governance become key elements for any type of investment, with their several aspects, represents transparency, fairness in treatment and accountability. Fundamental items required by todays investors, which seeks diversify their risk through transparent in investment vehicles and obtain substantial profit. Given the economic moment of the market, of real estate investment funds movement and the relevance of the criteria for corporate governance, surfaces the present study. Analyzing the changes in investment environment of real estate investment funds, based on their prospects, legislation and own regulations, it is possible to identify how their corporate governance criteria are currently. Comparing the present criteria in investment funds with other criteria present in national investment environments it is possible to identify their new positioning in the market. From the evidence collected in the previous items this study sought to validate them by conducting interviews with managers. This present study concludes how the changes to the criteria of corporate governance have influence the placement of real estate investment funds in the market, which changes can be done to improve their flexibility and discuss changes corporate governance reflection on investment environment.

Este trabalho apresenta a aplicação de uma abordagem via programação estocástica linear para definição da alocação de ativos ótima em um fundo de investimento estruturado. A carteira adotada é formada por caixa, futuro de Ibovespa e call de Ibovespa. A partir da definição da alocação ótima é feita uma análise do sucesso dessa carteira em superar a performance do índice Bovespa. Além disso, é feita uma análise comparativa contra uma carteira formada apenas por caixa e um ativo com retorno igual ao do índice Bovespa à vista. Tal comparação analisa a diferença de performance e também a diferença de risco medido pelo VaR (value at risk) versus retorno. A metodologia adotada para obtenção da alocação ótima é baseada na geração de uma árvore de cenários de parâmetros de mercado sobre a qual os ativos que formam a carteira são revalorizados de tal modo que o lucro acumulado ao fim do prazo de vida do fundo seja maximizado. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a performance da carteira formada por caixa, futuros e calls supera a performance da carteira formada por caixa e índice Bovespa à vista mesmo quando sujeito a um mesmo nível de risco. Além disso, a metodologia de comparação proposta neste trabalho também se mostrou bastante útil na prática de tomada de decisões de investimento por permitir comparar a performance de estratégias de investimentos dinâmicas. / This paper presents an application that uses linear stochastic programming to define the optimal asset allocation of an structured investment fund. The portfolio adopted is comprised of cash, Ibovespa futures and calls of Ibovespa. The performance of the portfolio with optimal allocation is compared to the performance of Bovespa index. Moreover, the performance of the portfolio with optimal allocation is also compared with that of a portfolio comprised of cash and a risky asset with return equal to the Bovespa index return. Such analysis highlights not only the differences of performance but also the differences of the associated risk level measured by the VaR (Value at Risk) versus return. The methodology used for obtaining the optimal allocation is based on an event tree of market parameters, which is used to reprice the assets comprising the portfolio so that the total profit at the end of the funds life is maximized. The results show that the portfolio comprised of cash, Ibovespa futures and calls of Ibovespa outperforms the Bovespa index and also the portfolio comprised of cash and Bovespa index even when subject to the same level of risk. The analysis developed in this paper allows the comparison between dynamic investment strategies, which can be very useful on practical decision making process of asset and liability management.

Using retrospective data analysis, this paper looks at the potential effects that the EU financial transaction tax would have on registered Austrian funds. We use original data for 927 investment funds over a 12-month trading period covering the 2014 calendar year. We analyse its effect on total net assets and on performance. We find that the cost of FTT on Austrian funds for 2014 would be Euro 89.5 million. The effect of FTT differs between funds and is influenced by fund category, gilt-edged securities held, risk and investment strategy. Behavioural changes in the market would likely arise in these areas if FTT were to be introduced. (authors' abstract) / Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Series

Submitted by Romain Martignier (rmartignier@gmail.com) on 2015-09-27T19:41:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MPGI Master Thesis Romain Martignier .pdf: 1548641 bytes, checksum: 62bdf53acc0159976d2f937eb2a5e4b4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luana Rodrigues (luana.rodrigues@fgv.br) on 2015-09-28T09:59:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MPGI Master Thesis Romain Martignier .pdf: 1548641 bytes, checksum: 62bdf53acc0159976d2f937eb2a5e4b4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-28T12:54:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MPGI Master Thesis Romain Martignier .pdf: 1548641 bytes, checksum: 62bdf53acc0159976d2f937eb2a5e4b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-22 / The recent global financial crisis brought significant regulatory changes in the worldwide financial industry. In Europe and in the alternative asset sector specifically, a new regulation by the name of Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive saw the daylight in 2010. This far-reaching and complex Directive with the main goal of regulating and overseeing alternative investment funds has triggered many discussions and represents an industry game-changer. Thus, this research will focus on the impact and consequences of the Directive on private equity fund managers and the role of regulators. In other words, what are the effects, what does that mean in a quantitative and qualitative sense, and how is it likely to influence the outlook of this asset class? In order to provide the reader with an extensive view on the topic, the paper will first discuss relevant theory and literature, using mix-methods and legal-dogmatic approaches. Further, descriptive case studies, analysis of existing surveys, and interviews with industry experts will supplement the paper in order to understand primary implications of the Directive with the goal of providing useful insights for further private equity regulation research. / A recente crise financeira global trouxe mudanças regulatórias significativas no setor financeiro em todo o mundo. Na Europa e no setor de ativos alternativos especificamente, um novo regulamento com o nome de Directiva Gestores de Fundos de Investimento Alternativos viu a luz do dia em 2010. Este abrangente e complexa directiva, com o principal objetivo de regulamentar e fiscalizar os fundos de investimento alternativos provocou muitas discussões. Assim, esta pesquisa vai se concentrar sobre o impacto e as consequências da directiva relativa aos gestores de fundos de private equity e o papel dos reguladores. Em outras palavras, quais são os efeitos, o que isso significa em um sentido quantitativo e qualitativo, e como ele é susceptível de influenciar as perspectivas de esta classe de activos? A fim de fornecer ao leitor uma ampla visão sobre o tema, o papel vai primeiro discutir teoria e literatura relevante, usando mixmétodos e abordagens jurídico-dogmático. Além disso, estudos descritivos de caso, análise de inquéritos existentes e entrevistas com especialistas da indústria irá complementar o papel de forma a compreender as implicações principais da directiva com o objetivo de fornecer informações úteis para pesquisas futuras private equity regulamento.

Protection of Investor on Capital Market Investor protection on the capital market is a highly topical subject. The main aim of this dissertation was to confirm or refute the hypotheses presented in the introduction, and in particular to ascertain whether there is sufficient investor protection on the capital market. Besides its introduction and conclusion, the dissertation has five parts which, in turn, are broken down into separate chapters. At the time the dissertation was being drawn up, there were a number of investment opportunities on the capital market that posed higher or lower risks. As it is difficult for ordinary investors to identify the degree of risk associated with a particular type of investment opportunity, the dissertation aims to describe the level of investor protection linked to the most common types of investment opportunities. Investment funds are unquestionably the most commonly used investment vehicle. Consequently, these investment instruments are covered in most detail. The dissertation explains the level of investor protection according to the type of investment fund. In particular, this chapter describes investment via mutual funds, as this is the most widespread type of fund in the Czech Republic and across the world. Since a mutual fund is an entity with no legal...

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-09-01T14:18:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2068627 bytes, checksum: 45546765d8c38a937b45e6ec70e3fca4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2017-09-01T16:00:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2068627 bytes, checksum: 45546765d8c38a937b45e6ec70e3fca4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-01T16:00:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2068627 bytes, checksum: 45546765d8c38a937b45e6ec70e3fca4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-22 / This study aimed to analyze how the market timing ability (HMT) influences the performance of investors to the Brazilian equity funds. For this, it was measured the performance of investors to the Brazilian equity funds, based on cumulative cash flows over the period of analysis, from 2010 to 2015. Additionally, it was quantified the investor HMT, based on the difference between the performance of managers and the performance of investors. It was also analyzed the relationship between HMT and quality of funds selected by investors, based on risk-adjusted return, determined by three and four factors models. Finally, possible determinants of investor HMT were investigated, based on the characteristics of the Brazilian equity funds, through quantile regression. The results of the first stage of the analysis indicate that, on average, investors in the Brazilian equity funds undertake their profitability due to the moment that they realized cash flows inputs and outputs. This result was also observed in specific classes of funds like Value/Growth, Small Caps and Free. However, for the other classes of funds, it was found that on average, the decisions related to the cash flows caused investors obtain superior performance to that earned by the funds. The results of the second stage of the analysis indicate that there are positive and statistically significant relationship between the adjusted performance risk and HMT. Using the two risk factors models, it was found that the funds classified in the best performance deciles showed positive HMT, which suggests that the better the fund's performance, most investors are penalized for their market timing decisions. Regarding the investigation of the determinants of HMT, the performance gap of investors was lower as the size of funds and greater as the lockup period, the growth rate of cash flows and the last return of funds. The main academic contribution of this study is to show the influence of market timing decisions, from the perspective of individual investors. The use of a individual performance measure based on cash flows, made it possible to quantify the possible gains or losses earned by investors compared to the performance provided by the funds. How market contributions, it is believed that the results of this study may help both Brazilian investors, as the financial market professionals, to take heed to the importance of market timing decisions, and how they can influence positively or negatively the performance earned by investors. / Esta tese teve como objetivo analisar como a habilidade de market timing (HMT) influencia o desempenho de investidores de fundos de ações brasileiros. Para tanto, foi mensurado o desempenho dos investidores de fundos de ações brasileiros, com base nos fluxos de caixa acumulados, ao longo do período de análise, de 01 de janeiro de 2010 a 30 de setembro de 2015. Adicionalmente, foi quantificada a HMT dos investidores, com base na diferença entre o desempenho dos gestores e o desempenho dos investidores dos fundos. Também foi analisada a relação entre a HMT e a qualidade dos fundos selecionados pelos investidores, com base no retorno ajustado ao risco, determinado pelos modelos de três e quatro fatores. Por fim, foram investigados possíveis determinantes da HMT dos investidores, com base nas características de uma amostra de fundos de ações brasileiros, por meio da regressão quantílica. Os resultados da primeira etapa da análise indicam que, em média, os investidores dos fundos de ações brasileiros comprometem sua rentabilidade devido ao momento em que realizam entrada e saída de caixa nos fundos. Esse resultado também foi observado nos fundos das classes específicas Valor/Crescimento, Small Caps e Livre. Entretanto, para as demais classes de fundos, verificou-se que, em média, as decisões relacionadas aos fluxos de caixa fizeram com que os investidores obtivessem desempenho superior àquele auferido pelos fundos. Os resultados da segunda etapa da análise indicam que há relação positiva e estatisticamente significativa entre o desempenho ajustado ao risco e a HMT. Utilizando-se os dois modelos de fatores de risco, verificou-se que os fundos classificados nos decis de melhor desempenho apresentaram HMT positiva, o que sugere que, quanto melhor o desempenho do fundo, mais os investidores são penalizados por suas decisões de market timing. Quanto à investigação dos possíveis determinantes da HMT, a lacuna de performance do desempenho dos investidores foi menor conforme o tamanho dos fundos e maior conforme o período de lockup, a taxa de crescimento dos fluxos de caixa e o retorno passado dos fundos. A principal contribuição acadêmica deste estudo é evidenciar a influência das decisões de market timing, sob a perspectiva dos investidores individuais. Como contribuições ao mercado, acredita-se que os resultados do presente estudo podem auxiliar tanto os investidores brasileiros, quanto os profissionais do mercado financeiro, no sentido de atentarem para a importância das decisões de market timing, e como elas podem influenciar positiva ou negativamente o desempenho auferido pelos investidores.

Atualmente no Brasil, é possível observar um movimento no mercado dos FIIs (Fundos de Investimento Imobiliário). Este movimento inclui desde alterações recentes na regulamentação, nos prospectos e regulamentos como alterações nos novos tipos que têm sido ofertados no mercado. Além disso, este mercado está em uma fase de grande expansão, no cenário nacional. O ambiente econômico nacional e internacional têm propiciado uma busca por alternativas de investimento, e o FII possui características muito relevantes. Em um mercado cada vez mais pulverizado e mais negociado em bolsa de valores, os critérios de Governança Corporativa se tornam peça fundamental para qualquer tipo de investimento, com seus diversos aspectos, representa transparência, equidade no tratamento e prestação de contas. Itens fundamentais requeridos pelo investidor atual, que busca diversificar seu risco em veículos de investimento transparentes e com retorno considerável. Diante do momento econômico do mercado, da movimentação dos FIIs e da relevância dos critérios de Governança Corporativa, surge o presente estudo. Analisando as alterações no ambiente de investimento FII, com base em seus prospectos, regulamentos e na própria regulamentação, é possível identificar como seus critérios de Governança Corporativa estão atualmente. Comparando os critérios presentes nos FIIs com os critérios presentes em outros ambientes de investimento nacionais é possível identificar o seu posicionamento no mercado. A partir das evidências coletadas nos itens anteriores o estudo buscou validá-las através da realização de entrevistas com gestores. O presente trabalho conclui como as alterações dos critérios de Governança Corporativa influenciam o posicionamento dos FIIs no mercado, quais alterações ainda podem ser feitas para aumentar sua flexibilidade e discute os reflexos de alterações de Governança Corporativa em ambientes de investimento. / Presently in Brazil, it is possible to observe a movement in the markets for real estate investment funds. This movement includes since recent changes in legislation, in prospects and regulations as well as changes in the new types that have been offered on the market. Furthermore, this market is undergoing a major nationwide expansion. The international and national economic environment has encouraged a pursuit for alternative investments, and the real estate investment funds offer very relevant features. In a increasingly segmented market and mostly traded on the stock market, the criteria for corporate governance become key elements for any type of investment, with their several aspects, represents transparency, fairness in treatment and accountability. Fundamental items required by todays investors, which seeks diversify their risk through transparent in investment vehicles and obtain substantial profit. Given the economic moment of the market, of real estate investment funds movement and the relevance of the criteria for corporate governance, surfaces the present study. Analyzing the changes in investment environment of real estate investment funds, based on their prospects, legislation and own regulations, it is possible to identify how their corporate governance criteria are currently. Comparing the present criteria in investment funds with other criteria present in national investment environments it is possible to identify their new positioning in the market. From the evidence collected in the previous items this study sought to validate them by conducting interviews with managers. This present study concludes how the changes to the criteria of corporate governance have influence the placement of real estate investment funds in the market, which changes can be done to improve their flexibility and discuss changes corporate governance reflection on investment environment.