L’immigration est un phénomène récurrent qui a aujourd’hui une grande ampleur. Beaucoup de pays développés subissent de plus en plus l’immigration et la France n’est pas une exception à cela. Face à ce phénomène qui fait l’objet de débats houleux, la France est à la recherche effrénée de voies et moyens pour lutter contre les étrangers en situation irrégulière d’où le caractère très actuel de ce sujet. Même si l’étranger est en situation irrégulière, il a des droits. Le plus primordial dont il bénéficie est le droit à la santé. Ce droit se matérialise par un ensemble de dispositifs (Aide médicale d’état, Fonds de soins urgents et vitaux, Performances d’accès aux soins de santé) . L’étranger en situation irrégulière a également, en matière familiale le droit de se marier, de se passer un pacte civil de solidarité. L’irrégularité de sa situation ne le prive pas de son droit d’accès à un toit de même que l’ouverture d’un compte. En matière de travail, l’étranger en situation est exclu des étrangers pouvant travailler. Cependant, l’exercice illégalement, d’une activité lui confère des droits à l’égard de son employeur et de la sécurité sociale. L’étranger en situation irrégulière est non un sujet sans droits mais aux droits limités. Cette limitation est accentuée par les difficultés d’effectivité. La France mène une lutte contre l’étranger en situation irrégulière et plus généralement contre l’immigration clandestine. Pour ce faire un dispositif répressif est mis place avec comme mesure phare l’éloignement de l’étranger en situation irrégulière. La réaction du système français n’est pas seulement répressive car un méthode douce est dans certains cas privilégiée à savoir la régularisation. Les pays membres de l’union européenne et voisins de la France en particulier et des pays développés en général connaissent même si c’est à des degrés différents le problème des étrangers en situation irrégulière. Ce constat fait du phénomène de l’immigration irrégulière un problème européen d’où la nécessité d’une coordination pour lutter efficacement contre ce phénomène. L’externalisation de la lutte contre l’immigration irrégulière est de mise. L’universalité du phénomène impose en quelque sorte d’adopter une démarche comparative à certains égards et par-delà d’apprécier l’état de la question en France par rapport à d’autres pays. Les textes communautaires, internationaux, nationaux participent à assurer un équilibre entre le respect des droits réservés à cette catégorie d’étrangers à travers le bénéfice et l’exercice par eux de droits et le respect de la législation en matière d’immigration. Dans la recherche de cet équilibre une part significative est confiée à la jurisprudence car le contentieux en la matière est très abondant du fait des saisines fréquentes du juge français ou communautaire pour constater la violation ou non d’un droit réservé à l’étranger en séjour irrégulier ou se prononcer sur une mesure allant à l’encontre de ce dernier. / Immigration is a constant phenomenon that has reached fearing proportions nowadays. Developed countries are more and more confronting it and France is not an exception. In front of this phenomenon which is now a bone of contention, France is striving for ways and means to fight against foreigners in irregular situation, hence the topicality of the issue. Even if the alien is in irregular situation is given rights the most fundamental, he benefits from is the right to health which is materialized by a set of measures State Medical Assistance (SMA), Emergency and Vital funds for health care, Permanencies for access to health care). The alien in irregular situation has also, for family matters, the right to marry, to pass a civil act of solidarity. The irregularity of his situation does not prevent him from having access to a shelter or opening an account. In terms of labour, the alien in irregular situation is excluded from the foreigners who are entitled for jobs. However, the exercise of an activity confers him rights granted by his employer and the social security. The foreigner in irregular situation is not a subject without rights but a subject with limited rights. This limitation is accentuated by constraints in effectiveness. France is fighting against foreigners in irregular situation, and generally against clandestine immigration. For this objective, a coercive apparatus is put in place with deportation as a key measure. The reaction of the French system is not only coercion because the soft approach is prioritized in some cases, meaning regularization. The European Union member countries sharing borders with France particularly, developed countries in general, are experiencing the problem of irregular aliens, even in varying degrees. With its generalization, it is becoming a European issue, hence the need of a coordination to fight efficiently against it. Externalization of the fight against irregular foreigners is in implementation. The universality of the phenomenon somehow imposes a comparative approach on some aspects, and an appreciation of the state of the art in France compared to other countries. Community and international legislations on national regulations participate in the maintenance of a balance between the respect of rights reserved for this category of foreigners through the benefit and exercise of rights by them, and the respect of legislation about immigration. In trying to achieve this balance a significant part is dedicated to jurisprudence because of the big number of litigation cases due to frequent referrals to the French court, or the European union court in order to ascertain violation - or not - of any right granted to illegal aliens, or in order to make a decision on all measures taken against them.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:17:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de doutorado.pdf: 1457977 bytes, checksum: 57ee49ac005bdd05c05c9c790bbe2a41 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-06-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present thesis: The socio-penal control of adolescents on judicial process in São Paulo : between protection and punishment, is aimed at the examination of the effective results of the socio-penal control of adolescents involved in infringement process. The references selected were the Children and Adolescents Statute and the Juvenile Justice Administration System in São Paulo. The field for investigation chosen was the examination of the legislation (Minors Code 1979, Children and Adolescent Statute and Penal Code) and an analysis of 42 lawsuit papers filed during 2000, at the Forum of Special Jurisdiction for Infancy and Youthful of São Paulo State Justice Court. The results obtained indicate that: a) in the Minors Code 1979, there was already an intention of socio-penal control of adolescents involved in infringement process, but its materialization was instituted by ECA; b) regarding the Minors Code, many processes of discontinuity and continuity happened with ECA, remaining still the socio-historical of capitalist society; c) ECA owns Penal Code awards to normalize the procedures of infringement acts perpetrate by adolescents; d) the administration systems of juvenile justice promotes injustice instead of justice and also facilitate the occurrence of a perverse cycle of adolescents incrimination; e) the paradigm of integral protection conceived adolescents as subjects of rights and duties, constituting the juvenile penal right, that besides establishing the adolescent right to be summoned to court , established also his possibility to be deprived of liberty and ,therefore, to suffer a penal punishment; f) the juvenile penal right was converted into minors penal right, when it did not implement the quality of processual security of a due legal process; g) there is a tutelary and operating conception of socio-educative measures for the socio-juridical practices; h) ECA sociable horizon is regulated by the plan of a conservative modernization. Such assemblage of elements drive us to a (in) conclusion that pointed over and above the juvenile socio-penal control / A tese O controle sócio-penal dos adolescentes com processos judiciais em São Paulo: entre a proteção e a punição, teve como objetivo examinar a efetivação do controle sócio-penal dos adolescentes que respondem por processos infracionais. Adotou por referência o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente e o Sistema de Administração da (in) Justiça Juvenil em São Paulo. Tomou-se como campo de investigação o exame das leis Código de Menores de 1979, Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente e Código Penal e a análise de 42 autos processuais arquivados, no ano de 2000, no Foro das Varas Especiais da Infância e da Juventude do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo. Os resultados alcançados revelam que: a) no Código de Menores de 1979, já existia uma intenção de controle sócio-penal dos adolescentes autores de ato infracional, mas sua materialização foi instituída no ECA, com fundamentos no devido processo legal; b) no ECA, em relação ao Código de Menores de 1979, ocorreram processos de descontinuidades e de continuidades, permanecendo os determinantes sócio-históricos da sociedade capitalista; c) o ECA tem aporte do Código Penal para normatizar os procedimentos do ato infracional praticado por adolescentes; d) o sistema de administração da justiça juvenil promove injustiça ao invés de justiça bem como possibilita a efetivação de um ciclo perverso de criminalização dos adolescentes; e) o paradigma da proteção integral concebeu o adolescente como sujeito de direitos e de deveres, instituindo o direito penal juvenil. A partir deste, o adolescente pode ser responsabilizado penalmente; f) o direito penal juvenil foi transformado em direito penal de menores, quando não implementou com qualidade as garantias processuais do devido processo legal; g) existe uma concepção tutelar e operacional das medidas sócio-educativas nas práticas sócio-juridicas; h) o horizonte societário do ECA está pautado no plano da modernização conservadora. Este conjunto de elementos levou a uma (in) conclusão, que apontou para além do controle sócio-penal juvenil