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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Tracer development and PET studies : labeled proinsulin C-peptide and an EGFR-TK inhibitor /

Fredriksson, Anna, January 2002 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2002. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.
12

Biosynthèse des unités isopréniques chez les végétaux / Biosynthesis of isoprene units in plants

Gastaldo, Clément 16 April 2014 (has links)
Cette thèse de Doctorat est rattachée au projet européen Eulafuel, visant à concevoir un biocarburant à partir des triterpènes du latex de l’épurge Euphorbia lathyris. Notre mission consiste à étudier l’origine biosynthétique des unités isopréniques constituant ces molécules. Proviennent-elles de la voie du mévalonate (MVA) et/ou de la voie du méthylérythritol phosphate (MEP) ? En premier lieu, nous avons mis au point un protocole de culture de la plante en conditions axéniques et comparé les profils triterpéniques de plantes cultivées dans différentes conditions. Nous avons ensuite montré, grâce à des expériences d’incorporation de précurseurs marqués au 13C et au 2H, que les isoprénoïdes d’E. lathyris étaient produits via la voie du MVA. La seconde partie de ce travail porte sur l’étude de l’origine biosynthétique d’isoprénoïdes de végétaux par GC-iRMS, une intéressante alternative aux expériences de marquage. Nous avons comparé les signatures isotopiques δD et δ13C des lipides provenant de huit organismes phototrophes et formulé plusieurs hypothèses permettant d’expliquer les différences de fractionnement isotopique observées. / This PhD thesis is included in a European project, Eulafuel, aiming to use latex triterpenes of caper spurge (Euphorbia lathyris) as a biofuel source. Our investigation focuses on the biosynthetic origin of isoprene units. Are they produced via mevalonate (MVA) pathway and/or methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway? First, we proposed a procedure to cultivate E. lathyris in axenic conditions, and we compared triterpenic profiles from plants grown in different conditions. Then, we showed, by incorporating 13C- and 2H-labeled precursors, that E. lathyris isoprenoids were produced via MVA pathway. The second part of this work is based on an isotopic analysis of plant isoprenoids by GC-iRMS, an interesting alternative to labeling experiments. We compared isotopic signatures (δD and δ13C) of lipids arising from eight phototrophic organisms and we proposed several hypothesis to explain the isotopic fractionation differences we observed.
13

Quantitative Identification of Non-coding RNAs by Isotope Labeling and LC-MS/MS

Castleberry, Colette M. January 2009 (has links)
No description available.
14

Detection and quantification of staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B in food product using isotopic dilution techniques and mass spectrometry

Dang, Khanh B. 05 1900 (has links)
L’entérotoxine B staphylococcique (SEB) est une toxine entérique hautement résistante à la chaleur et est responsable de plus de 50 % des cas d’intoxication d’origine alimentaire par une entérotoxine. L’objectif principal de ce projet de maîtrise est de développer et valider une méthode basée sur des nouvelles stratégies analytiques permettant la détection et la quantification de SEB dans les matrices alimentaires. Une carte de peptides tryptiques a été produite et 3 peptides tryptiques spécifiques ont été sélectionnés pour servir de peptides témoins à partir des 9 fragments protéolytiques identifiés (couverture de 35 % de la séquence). L’anhydride acétique et la forme deutérée furent utilisés afin de synthétiser des peptides standards marqués avec un isotope léger et lourd. La combinaison de mélanges des deux isotopes à des concentrations molaires différentes fut utilisée afin d’établir la linéarité et les résultats ont démontré que les mesures faites par dilution isotopique combinée au CL-SM/SM respectaient les critères généralement reconnus d’épreuves biologiques avec des valeurs de pente près de 1, des valeurs de R2 supérieure à 0,98 et des coefficients de variation (CV%) inférieurs à 8 %. La précision et l’exactitude de la méthode ont été évaluées à l’aide d’échantillons d’homogénat de viande de poulet dans lesquels SEB a été introduite. SEB a été enrichie à 0,2, 1 et 2 pmol/g. Les résultats analytiques révèlent que la méthode procure une plage d’exactitude de 84,9 à 91,1 %. Dans l’ensemble, les résultats présentés dans ce mémoire démontrent que les méthodes protéomiques peuvent être utilisées efficacement pour détecter et quantifier SEB dans les matrices alimentaires. Mots clés : spectrométrie de masse; marquage isotopique; protéomique quantitative; entérotoxines / Staphylococcal enterotoxin B is a highly heat-resistant enteric toxin and it is responsible for over 50% of enterotoxin food poisoning. It represents a particular challenge during food processing since, even if the bacteria have been destroyed, the biological activity of the toxin remains unchanged. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a new method based on a novel proteomic strategy to detect and quantify SEB in food matrices. Tryptic peptide map was generated and 3 specific tryptic peptides were selected and used as surrogate peptides from 9 identified proteolytic fragments (sequence coverage of 35%). Peptides were label with light and heavy form of acetic anhydride to create an isobaric tag that will allow quantification. The linearity was tested using mixtures of different molar ratios and the results showed that measurements by LC-MS/MS were within generally accepted criteria for bioassays with slope values near to 1, values of R2 above 0.98 and less than 8% coefficient of variation (%CV). The precision and accuracy of the method were assessed using chicken meat homogenate samples spiked with SEB at 0.2, 1 and 2 pmol/g. The results indicated that the method can provide accuracy within 84.9 – 91.1% range. Overall, the results presented in this thesis show that proteomics-based methods can be effectively used to detect, confirm and quantify SEB in food matrices. Keywords: mass spectrometry; stable isotope labeling; quantitative proteomics; enterotoxins
15

Detection and quantification of staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B in food product using isotopic dilution techniques and mass spectrometry

Dang, Khanh B. 05 1900 (has links)
L’entérotoxine B staphylococcique (SEB) est une toxine entérique hautement résistante à la chaleur et est responsable de plus de 50 % des cas d’intoxication d’origine alimentaire par une entérotoxine. L’objectif principal de ce projet de maîtrise est de développer et valider une méthode basée sur des nouvelles stratégies analytiques permettant la détection et la quantification de SEB dans les matrices alimentaires. Une carte de peptides tryptiques a été produite et 3 peptides tryptiques spécifiques ont été sélectionnés pour servir de peptides témoins à partir des 9 fragments protéolytiques identifiés (couverture de 35 % de la séquence). L’anhydride acétique et la forme deutérée furent utilisés afin de synthétiser des peptides standards marqués avec un isotope léger et lourd. La combinaison de mélanges des deux isotopes à des concentrations molaires différentes fut utilisée afin d’établir la linéarité et les résultats ont démontré que les mesures faites par dilution isotopique combinée au CL-SM/SM respectaient les critères généralement reconnus d’épreuves biologiques avec des valeurs de pente près de 1, des valeurs de R2 supérieure à 0,98 et des coefficients de variation (CV%) inférieurs à 8 %. La précision et l’exactitude de la méthode ont été évaluées à l’aide d’échantillons d’homogénat de viande de poulet dans lesquels SEB a été introduite. SEB a été enrichie à 0,2, 1 et 2 pmol/g. Les résultats analytiques révèlent que la méthode procure une plage d’exactitude de 84,9 à 91,1 %. Dans l’ensemble, les résultats présentés dans ce mémoire démontrent que les méthodes protéomiques peuvent être utilisées efficacement pour détecter et quantifier SEB dans les matrices alimentaires. Mots clés : spectrométrie de masse; marquage isotopique; protéomique quantitative; entérotoxines / Staphylococcal enterotoxin B is a highly heat-resistant enteric toxin and it is responsible for over 50% of enterotoxin food poisoning. It represents a particular challenge during food processing since, even if the bacteria have been destroyed, the biological activity of the toxin remains unchanged. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a new method based on a novel proteomic strategy to detect and quantify SEB in food matrices. Tryptic peptide map was generated and 3 specific tryptic peptides were selected and used as surrogate peptides from 9 identified proteolytic fragments (sequence coverage of 35%). Peptides were label with light and heavy form of acetic anhydride to create an isobaric tag that will allow quantification. The linearity was tested using mixtures of different molar ratios and the results showed that measurements by LC-MS/MS were within generally accepted criteria for bioassays with slope values near to 1, values of R2 above 0.98 and less than 8% coefficient of variation (%CV). The precision and accuracy of the method were assessed using chicken meat homogenate samples spiked with SEB at 0.2, 1 and 2 pmol/g. The results indicated that the method can provide accuracy within 84.9 – 91.1% range. Overall, the results presented in this thesis show that proteomics-based methods can be effectively used to detect, confirm and quantify SEB in food matrices. Keywords: mass spectrometry; stable isotope labeling; quantitative proteomics; enterotoxins
16

On the use of ⁷⁶Br-labelled monoclonal antibodies for PET : preclinical evaluation of halogenated antibodies for diagnosis and treatment of cancer /

Höglund, Johanna, January 2002 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
17

Caractérisation chimique des métabolomes secondaires de Penicillium et Fusarium par marquage isotopique couplé à la spectrométrie de masse haute résolution / Chemical caracterisation of the secondary metabolomes of penicillium and fusarium by isotope labelling and high resolution mass spectrometry

Hautbergue, Thaïs 14 November 2017 (has links)
Une méthode permettant de caractériser l’ensemble du métabolome secondaire de moisissures a été appliquée à la caractérisation des métabolomes de Penicillium nordicum, Penicillium verrucosum et Fusarium graminearum. Le substrat représentant l’unique source de carbone et d’azote des moisissures, chacun des champignons ont été mis en culture sur trois types de grains de blé: (i) grains naturels, (ii) grains marqués à 97% de 13C, et (iii) grains marqués à 53% 13C et 97% de 15N. Les extraits ont été analysés par HRMS. Les métabolites secondaires ont été spécifiquement détectés et leurs formules brutes ont été caractérisées. La caractérisation de nouveaux métabolites secondaires a ensuite été assistées par la génération de réseaux moléculaires de similarités MS/MS. L’étude de P. verrucosum et P. nordicum a permis de détecter 98 et 92 métabolites secondaires respectivement. Parmi eux, 80% étaient inconnus. La génération de réseaux moléculaires a permis de mettre en évidence un groupe de 25 composés se fragmentant de manière similaire. Seize de ces composés ont été identifiés comme étant des dérivés de fungisporines, des métabolites suspectés d’intervenir dans la croissance aérienne des champignons. Des analyses structurales ont permis de caractériser de nouveaux composés potentiellement impliqués dans l’infestation des denrées alimentaires. Le marquage du métabolome de F. graminearum par des isotopes stables a permis de mettre en évidence la production de 37 métabolites secondaires dont 29 inconnus lorsque le champignon se développe in vitro. Des analyses par MSn ont permis d’élucider les structures des fusaristatines C et D. / Characterization of fungal secondary metabolomes became a great challenge in the last decades due to both the emergence of fungal threats, and the industrial interest of many natural products; In view of this, we recently developed an analytical strategy for fungal secondary metabolome characterization (Cano P. et al. Anal. Chem. (2013) 85:8412) based on untargeted MS metabolomics applied to labeled samples. This strategy has been here validated by application to the analysis of the complex secondary metabolomes of Penicillium verrucosum and Penicillium nordicum. HRMS acquisitions performed on specific isotopically labelled samples, MS/MS experiments and in-silico emerging tools such as molecular networks, allowed to characterize 181 metabolites, including 80% of new compounds, and the structural determination of seven potential new mycotoxins. Penicillium verrucosum (NRRL 5571) and Penicillium nordicum (NRRL 6062) were grown on wheat grains (Triticum aestivum) presenting different isotopic enrichments: (i) naturally enriched grains, (ii) 97% 13C, and (iii) 53% 13C / 97% 15N. Extracts of each culture were analyzed by HPLC coupled to a LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization, operating in the positive or the negative mode. Metabolites were then specifically detected according to the specific isotopic pattern of their respective isotopic enrichments. Known secondary metabolites were annotated using the Antibase database, then identified by comparison with standard compounds when available. Unknown secondary metabolites were annotated using molecular networks of MS/MS similarities (Watrous J. et al.; PNAS (2012) 109 E1743). Wheat grains representing the only source of carbon and nitrogen for fungal growth, the produced fungal secondary metabolites were either unlabeled (naturally enriched cultures), singly labeled (13C cultures) or doubly labeled (13C/15N cultures). This feature allowed discrimination of fungal metabolites against non-fungal compounds which remained unlabeled in the three substrates. Fungal origin was further confirmed by analysis of a control 12C wheat extract (without fungus). Furthermore, the comparison of m/z ratios of a same metabolite detected in the three different cultures, led to the unambiguous determination of the number of carbon and nitrogen atoms and therefore to the unambiguous characterization of its chemical formula. This approach previously developed and validated on a well characterized fungus, has been here successfully applied to the characterization of the complex and unknown secondary metabolomes of P. verrucosum and P. nordicum. Analyses of the two studied fungal strains allowed the detection of 181 secondary metabolites. Interestingly, only 20% of them are suspected to match known metabolites according to databases, meaning that 80% of this metabolome is unknown. To enhance unknown identification efficiency, a molecular network of MS/MS similarities has been generated from our data. A group of 24 metabolites with highly similar MS/MS spectra was highlighted on P. nordicum and P. verrucosum. Fifteen of them were identified as cyclic tetrapeptides from the fungisporin family. Tandem mass spectrometry experiments were performed to characterize the structure of these secondary metabolites. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time these molecules are pointed out on these Penicillium species. More interestingly, seven of the other metabolites display some similarities with fungisporins, but have never been detected on fungal metabolomes. Furthermore, although the two studied strains are genetically close, these new metabolites seem to be strain specific.
18

Characterizing RNA Structure and synthesis by Raman Microscopy

Chen, Yuanyuan January 2010 (has links)
No description available.
19

Developing Methods for Measuring in Vivo Lipid Metabolism

Denton, Russell L. 17 February 2023 (has links) (PDF)
Lipid metabolism is critically important to the normal function of individual cells and for signaling between tissues of the human body. There is a great need to quantify changes in lipid metabolism because of its implications in both normal healthy conditions and during disease development. In our first study, we developed a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry based workflow to assess in vivo metabolism of murine brain lipids. This involved sample preparation, data acquisition, and analysis software development and improvements. Regarding sample preparation, we maintained the mice at 5% body water for the duration of the experiment. As mouse metabolism proceeds, enzymes can add deuterium atoms (D) from D2O into lipid C-H bonds. These newly synthesized D-labeled lipids display shifts in their isotopic envelopes. To observe these shifts, we used mass spectrometry acquisitions to measure the mass spectra of isotopic envelopes. We calculated changes in these isotopic envelope shifts to deduce several metabolic metrics. We used these metabolic metrics to make inferences about metabolism changes. These metrics include n-value, fraction new, rate, and asymptote for each lipid. We deduced n-value by replacing one hydrogen with a deuterium at a time in the lipid's theoretical chemical formula. The number of deuterium atoms in the theoretical D-labeled chemical formula that agrees best with its respective empirical spectrum is the n-value. A large part of this effort was assessing the reproducibility and quality control of n-values that were derived from empirical spectra. We compared these n-values to two sets of ground truth n-values that we generated. We generated one set of ground truth n-values by referencing biochemical pathways and published n-values. We used a linear algebra approach to deduce the other set of ground truth n-values. We compared both sets of ground truth n-values to n-values derived from empirical D-labeled lipid spectra. We found that both sets of ground truth n-values correlate well with n-values from empirical spectra. Using these n-values, we calculated fraction new for each lipid. This fraction new indicates what percentage of a lipid's pool is newly synthesized at a given time. For a given lipid, we calculated the fraction new for each time point and biological replicate. We plotted these fraction values together against time in days. From this fraction new vs time plot for each lipid, we deduced its asymptote and rate constant. In our second study, we added the additional dimension of drift time to the data acquisition and analysis using ion mobility spectrometry. We added this additional dimension so that we could further separate lipid isomers and prevent spectral convolution. Preliminary results suggest that lipid isomers may have distinct metabolic regulation.
20

Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide Plus Chronic Warming on Plant Nitrogen Relations and Leaf Hyponasty

Jayawardena, Dileepa M. January 2020 (has links)
No description available.

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