A survey on the level and frequency of leisure activity in individuals getting clinical aid was compared with that of individuals not presently contemplating or receiving such help. The subjects, 26 females and 24 males in each group, responded to a questionnaire which requested information regarding demographics, and the rate (days per week), and duration (minutes per day), or participation in selected leisure activities. As was expected, based on Galsser's concept of Positive Addiction, the nonclinical group showed significantly more involvement in activities rated as possible Positive Addictions. No significant difference was found between groups on absolute numbers of leisure activities. The results seem to support a basic idea of Positive Addiction, that commitment to one or more activities is more important in gaining mental strength, than is diversity of interests. Alternate explanations of the results were presented, in light of possible demographic confounds.

The purpose of this descriptive study is to examine and describe the process of establishing regular physical exercising habits in the form of jogging, and in the context of this process, to describe the hindrance factors that stand in the way of establishing such habits; also to describe the effects and experiences, in a wide sense, of recurrent physical activities and how these effects change over time. A second purpose is to look more closely at the factors that influence the situation for women who want to take up regular physical training habits. 44 men and women (22 of each sex) in the age-span of 30-50 years, who were then physically non-active, became the subjects of the study. The observations were made during a period of 24 months, and the subjects were to jog not less then 3 times per every 2 weeks during the 24-month period. The results show, that during the first few months,various kinds of hindrance anei difficulties dominate the picture; this is particularly true of the women joggers. After the 24 months, most obstacles were overcome, with the exception of one, typical of the women joggers, namely fear of being assaulted while jogging. Initially, the experiences while jogging were both positive and negative, but over time there was a change towards predominantly positive experiences. As regards aerobic work capacity, there was a general improvement during the first three months; after that the upwards movement levelled out. The mental effects vere initially of a short-range nature, whereas the long-range effects appeared later and increased steadily during the whole 24-month period. The motives for beginning to take regular phyical exercises and the motives for continuing to do so are qualitatively different. The former are often based on external/instrumental motivation, whereas the latter are of an internal nature. Furthermore, it may be noted that men and women live in different worlds even with respect to jogging. Obstacles and problems are different as well as experiences and effects. / Syftet med föreliggande deskriptiva studie har varit att studera och beskriva utvecklingsförloppet med avseende på processen etablerandet av regelbundna motionsvanor, i form av jogging, och, som en del därav, beskriva hinder och svårigheter i samband med motionsutövande samt upplevelser och effekter i vid bemärkelse av regelbunden fysisk aktivitet samt deras förändring över tid. Ett delsyfte har varit att särskilt studera kvinnors villkor och möjligheter för motionsutövande. Fyrtiofyra tidigare fysiskt inaktiva personer i åldern 30-50 år, lika många män och kvinnor, deltog i försöket som pågick under 24 månader och som innebar att deltagarna skulle utöva jogging minst 3ggr/14 dagar under tidsperioden. Resultaten visar att under de första månaderna dominerar hindren och svårigheterna inför motionsutövandet; i synnerhet gäller detta kvinnorna. Efter två års tid har de flesta barriärer övervunnits, frånsett ett hinder som är enbart kvinnligt, nämligen rädsla för antastanden under joggingen. Upplevelserna under joggingutö-vandet är i initialskedet lika ofta negativa som positiva och förändras över tid åt det positiva hållet. Effekterna är inledningsvis främst av fysisk/fysiologisk karaktär. Vad gäller ökning av syreupptagningsförmåga sker i stort sett hela förbättringen under de tre första månaderna; därefter planar kurvan ut. De psykiska effekterna är i början kortsiktiga, medan de långsiktiga psykiska effekterna inträder senare och ökar successivt i omfattning under hela försöksperioden. Motiven för att börja och motiven för att fortsätta motionera är kvalitativt olika, på så sätt att motiven för att börja ofta har sin grund i yttre motivation medan motiven för att fortsätta är inifrån kommande. Vidare kan konstateras att kvinnors och män världar ser olika ut också i motionshänseende. Detta gäller såväl hinder och problem som upplevelser och effekter av motionsutövande. / digitalisering@umu

Orientador: Gisele Maria Schwartz / Banca: Mara Ignez Campos de Carvalho / Banca: Carmen Maria Aguiar / Resumo: A necessidade premente de atentar para a finitude dos recursos naturais tem alertado estudiosos de diferentes áreas para a importância de se incutir idéias preservacionistas. Entretanto, este movimento se apresenta ainda sutil na área da Motricidade Humana, merecendo o enfoque incisivo deste estudo, de natureza quanti-qualitativa. O objetivo de nosso trabalho foi investigar os estados emocionais presentes durante uma caminhada longa, na perspectiva de internalização de valores e no desenvolvimento de atitudes mais positivas em relação ao meio ambiente, capazes de fomentar o comportamento pró-ambiental. O ambiente escolhido foi a trilha "Caminho da Fé", trajeto de 425 km entre Tambaú e Aparecida/SP, o qual atrai turistas, praticantes de atividades físicas e fiéis. Após leitura sobre as temáticas envolvidas, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória, na qual se utilizou um "conjunto de instrumentos trifásicos" para a coleta de dados. Foram eles um questionário misto, a "LEA - RI - Lista de Estados de Ânimo, Reduzida e Ilustrada" e a "Escala de Ecocentrismo e Antropocentrismo de Thompson & Barton", aplicados a uma amostra aleatória, composta de sete participantes da trilha, adultos, de ambos os sexos. Esse "Conjunto de instrumentos" foi aplicado nos locais de parada, no momento inicial da trilha, no meio do percurso e ao final do trajeto. A análise quantitativa dos dados foi feita por meio da "Análise de Componentes Principais" e a análise qualitativa foi realizada de forma descritiva, por meio da utilização da técnica de "Análise de Conteúdo Temático"; com resultados apresentados também de maneira percentual, para ilustrar. Como conclusão, infere-se que, mesmo que os estímulos tenham cessado ao final do trajeto com o término da atividade física e da contextualização naquele ambiente; sua intensidade ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The need of considering the natural resources finiteness has been alerting specialists of different areas for the importance of preservation attitudes. However, this movement is still subtle in the Human Movement or Leisure area, deserving the incisive focus of this study, of quanti-qualitative nature, which aimed to investigate the emotional states resonance which have come upon the corporal experiences in nature, under the perspective of internal values and the development of positive ecological attitudes to capable of stimulating the pro-environmental behavior. The chosen environment was the "Caminho da Fé", a trail with 425 km-itinerary between Tambaú and Aparecida/SP, which attracts tourists, physical activities performers and churchgoers. The study was developed by a literature review about the matters involved and by an exploratory research, using a group of three instruments for collecting data: a mixed questionnaire, the " LEA - RI - List of Mood State, Reduced and Illustrated" and "Thompson & Barton's Scale of Ecocentrism and Anthropocentrism", applied to an aleatory sample, composed of seven trail participants, among adults, of both sexes. That group of instruments were applied in the stop places, in the initial moment of the trail, in the middle of it and at the end of the itinerary. The quantitative data were made for "Principal Component Technique Analysis" and the qualitative obtained data analysis was accomplished in a descriptive way, by the use of "Thematic Content Analysis", with results also presented in a percentile way, to illustrate. As conclusion, it is inferred that, even that the stimulation has ceased with the ending of the hike, the intensity, amount and quality of the experience had stimulated reflection processes, evidencing variations on mood state and differentiation of attitudes with the environment, before, during and after the hike activity... (Complete abstract click eletronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-04-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:57:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 moreira_jcc_me_rcla.pdf: 1995057 bytes, checksum: 60ae61a24b7f0e46781a9b1ec9e9fb04 (MD5) / Secretaria de Estado de Educação / A necessidade premente de atentar para a finitude dos recursos naturais tem alertado estudiosos de diferentes áreas para a importância de se incutir idéias preservacionistas. Entretanto, este movimento se apresenta ainda sutil na área da Motricidade Humana, merecendo o enfoque incisivo deste estudo, de natureza quanti-qualitativa. O objetivo de nosso trabalho foi investigar os estados emocionais presentes durante uma caminhada longa, na perspectiva de internalização de valores e no desenvolvimento de atitudes mais positivas em relação ao meio ambiente, capazes de fomentar o comportamento pró-ambiental. O ambiente escolhido foi a trilha Caminho da Fé, trajeto de 425 km entre Tambaú e Aparecida/SP, o qual atrai turistas, praticantes de atividades físicas e fiéis. Após leitura sobre as temáticas envolvidas, foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratória, na qual se utilizou um conjunto de instrumentos trifásicos para a coleta de dados. Foram eles um questionário misto, a LEA - RI - Lista de Estados de Ânimo, Reduzida e Ilustrada e a Escala de Ecocentrismo e Antropocentrismo de Thompson & Barton, aplicados a uma amostra aleatória, composta de sete participantes da trilha, adultos, de ambos os sexos. Esse Conjunto de instrumentos foi aplicado nos locais de parada, no momento inicial da trilha, no meio do percurso e ao final do trajeto. A análise quantitativa dos dados foi feita por meio da Análise de Componentes Principais e a análise qualitativa foi realizada de forma descritiva, por meio da utilização da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo Temático; com resultados apresentados também de maneira percentual, para ilustrar. Como conclusão, infere-se que, mesmo que os estímulos tenham cessado ao final do trajeto com o término da atividade física e da contextualização naquele ambiente; sua intensidade... / The need of considering the natural resources finiteness has been alerting specialists of different areas for the importance of preservation attitudes. However, this movement is still subtle in the Human Movement or Leisure area, deserving the incisive focus of this study, of quanti-qualitative nature, which aimed to investigate the emotional states resonance which have come upon the corporal experiences in nature, under the perspective of internal values and the development of positive ecological attitudes to capable of stimulating the pro-environmental behavior. The chosen environment was the Caminho da Fé, a trail with 425 km-itinerary between Tambaú and Aparecida/SP, which attracts tourists, physical activities performers and churchgoers. The study was developed by a literature review about the matters involved and by an exploratory research, using a group of three instruments for collecting data: a mixed questionnaire, the LEA - RI - List of Mood State, Reduced and Illustrated and Thompson & Barton's Scale of Ecocentrism and Anthropocentrism, applied to an aleatory sample, composed of seven trail participants, among adults, of both sexes. That group of instruments were applied in the stop places, in the initial moment of the trail, in the middle of it and at the end of the itinerary. The quantitative data were made for Principal Component Technique Analysis and the qualitative obtained data analysis was accomplished in a descriptive way, by the use of Thematic Content Analysis, with results also presented in a percentile way, to illustrate. As conclusion, it is inferred that, even that the stimulation has ceased with the ending of the hike, the intensity, amount and quality of the experience had stimulated reflection processes, evidencing variations on mood state and differentiation of attitudes with the environment, before, during and after the hike activity... (Complete abstract click eletronic access below)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not differences exist in heart rate (HR) between jogging on the track and jogging on the treadmill at the same speed. Twenty-four college-age (19-31 years old) male (n = 12) and female (n = 12) recreational runners volunteered to participate in this study. Each participant performed a maximal graded exercise test (GXT) and four exercise sessions. During the first exercise session, participants completed a 1-mile steady-state jog on either the track or treadmill at a self-selected submaximal pace that could be maintained for 30 minutes. The following three exercise sessions were completed at the same pace as the first exercise session. Two of the exercise sessions were performed on the treadmill and two were performed on an indoor track. The order of the four sessions were counterbalanced. Participants were randomly assigned to an order of sessions. Heart rate was recorded every minute and the participants were asked to give an RPE at the end of every session. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in pace (mph) between the trials within the two track or two treadmill trials (p = 0.5812), in the HR response. Therefore, gender and trials were excluded from the final model, and the final model included only the treatment effect (track, treadmill). There was a significant treatment effect (F 1,94 = 39.126, p < 0.0001) indicating that significant differences in the HR responses between track and treadmill jogging at the same pace. Jogging on the treadmill elicited an average HR of 5.16 bpm (S.E. = 0.82) less than that observed while jogging on an indoor track at the same pace. We conclude that jogging on the treadmill and track at the same, self-selected speed results in HR values that differ significantly by 5 bpm. Differences in air resistance, biomechanics, and muscle activity most likely contributed to the observed differences in HR. The results of this study are applicable to various individuals who often train or exercise on the treadmill or overground. Use of a HR monitor is recommended to determine personal responses to exercise on a treadmill and overground.

A study was designed to assess the effect of headphone music on running performance and enjoyment with its implications for increasing exercise compliance. A counterbalanced split-plot design was used with 18 University of the Pacific undergraduates receiving both treatment conditions: running with music and running without music. Measures included: (a) perceived enjoyment questionnaire scores; (b) running time; and (c) heart rate. It was expected that music would increase participants' rated running enjoyment, amount of time spent running, and also running intensity or heart rate, in comparison to running without music. Music significantly increased participants' rated enjoyment scores but not running time or heart rate. A tendency for participants to run longer when they rated the run as more enjoyable was also observed although the obtained Pearson r was not significant at the p = .05 level.

Forty-two college age students enrolled in a Personal Health class at Virginia Tech with exercise capacity ≤ 16 METs and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) reactivity to the cold pressor test ≥ 5 mm Hg were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group was asked to participate in an aerobic exercise session 4 d/wk for 8 weeks, consisting of walking/jogging for 30 minutes at or near their target heart rate range (75-85% of heart rate reserve). There were no significant differences between groups in terms of initial fitness levels and any blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) baseline or reactivity measures. After the training program, the average increase in exercise capacity for the intervention group was significantly greater (M=1.7, SEM=0.3) than the control group (M=0.6, SEM=0.2, p≤.05). No significant differences were observed in BP and HR baselines at the post-intervention cold pressor test. Controlling for pre-intervention reactivity levels by using ANGOVAs, the post-intervention reactivity scores were found to be unaffected by group assignment. HR recovery to the cold pressor test (in the first minute) was significantly faster in the intervention group at post-intervention (p<.05). No relationship was demonstrated between reported compliance to exercise and changes in fitness (i.e., submaximal predicted METs). Thus, an analysis of 8 subjects known to comply w1th the exercise protocol (i.e., 26 sessions attended, 87% compliance) compared to the 34 remaining subjects was completed. A significant group effect was revealed in the modification of DBP reactivity (p<.05) but not SBP or HR reactivity. Based upon the original experimental analysis, results from the aerobic training study do not support the hypothesis that aerobic fitness moderates CVR to environmental stress. However, the re-analysis comparing known exercise compi1ers to all others did support the hypothesis that aerobic fitness reduces DBP reactivity to the cold pressor test. These findings suggest a potential role of aerobic fitness in modifying CVR to environmental stress. / Master of Science

No description available.

Dresden ist nicht nur ein Paradies für Kulturliebhaber, sondern auch für Sportler. Warum also nicht beides miteinander verbinden? Zahlreiche Grünflächen, das Terrassenufer an der Elbe und gut ausgebaute Wege inmitten der Natur führen entlang der schönsten Sehenswürdigkeiten. Mit diesem Wegweiser werden Sie die Stadt einmal anders kennenlernen. / Dresden is not only a paradise for culture lovers but also for athletes. So why not combine the two activities? Numerous parks, the Elbe embankment and well-surfaced paths away from the traffic take you past some of Dresden’s most interesting sights. Our guide has been written to help you see the city from a different perspective.

Vibration serviceability in the design of footbridges is gathering enormous prominence as comfort restrictions get enhanced. Comfort verifications are often becoming critical when considering human induced dynamic loading on lightweight structures, which are increasing in slenderness and flexibility. The aim of this work was to build up understanding about the running load effects on the response of footbridges and proving that it could imply a critical load case that would require verification. Additionally, the accuracy of potential models to estimate the structural response was evaluated. Finally, aiming for a practical application, this work provides a step forward towards the possibility of adopting a simplified design methodology to be included in the future guidelines and an insight into the potential effects of a marathon event. While the walking load case is a well-studied phenomenon, not much attention has been paid to the running induced excitation. Guidelines motivate that there is no need for verification and exceptionally, some get to suggest a time domain load model definition. The interaction phenomena as well as the effects of groups of runners in the dynamic response of the structure remain still unknown. Limiting the work to the vertical component of the response and force and based on a large set of additional assumptions, experimental and numerical analyses were performed. Three footbridges were tested and subjected to tests involving different motion forms; jumping, walking and running. On the other hand, the time domain load models available in the literature were applied accounting for the spatial displacement of each of the pedestrians along the footbridge. In the most advanced of the models, aiming to account for interaction effects, the subjects were modelled as independent mechanical systems. The results derived from the experimental study helped characterizing the running load effect on the footbridge's response and proved that there may be structures in which running could comprise a critical load case. Furthermore, the numerical analyses allowed to verify the accuracy of the suggested models and the improvement that the human structure interaction effects involve. The analyses resulted in complementary sets of conclusions that built up understanding about the running load effects on footbridges; such as the sensitivity of the estimated response to the structure's modal properties and the influence of the parameters that characterize the running motion. Finally, the suggested simplified design methodology was able to estimate, with a very reasonable error for the current case study, the calculated response by the most accurate of the models. To sum up, this work serves as a motivation to include the running load case in the guidelines and establishes a starting point for further research and simplified design methodologies based on the strategy and models suggested in this work.