Background: Clinical judgment (CJ) has recently become a priority in nursing, yet it is poorly understood and can be difficult to evaluate. Another thought process, emotional intelligence (EI) shares similar characteristics with CJ and is easily tested. However, the relationship between CJ and EI is poorly understood. Method: This literature review and correlational, quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive study compared two instruments and evaluated the relationship between clinical judgment and emotional intelligence, as measured by the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) (Mayer et al., 2004) and the Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric (LCJR) (Lasater, 2007) during a simulation-based experience in 46 pre-licensure undergraduate nursing students. Results: Shared attributes in the literature between CJ and EI included retention, academic performance, licensure success, nursing values, care perceptions, general well-being, reduced stress, improved coping strategies, use of mindfulness, and social connections. No significant correlations were identified between total MSCEIT and LCJR scores, although branch scores indicated small to near-moderate correlations. CJ scores significantly improved after approximately three months of focused education and experience. Conclusion: The LCJR and MSCEIT did not measure decision making processes similarly. However, further analysis of branch scores demonstrated a link between each of the components of CJ and EI, which was confirmed through shared attributes in the literature. Based on these results, the optimal time to evaluate CJ is approximately three months after the start of a new semester, which provides enough time to determine if CJ is adequate and still be able to incorporate changes for improvement by the end of the semester. This study offers the potential to translate research outcomes into evidence-based educational practices for evaluating future innovative teaching and learning strategies, with direct implications for future nursing simulation education and research on CJ.

In cases concerning a hostile takeover occurring in the United States, the board of directors must fulfill the duties set forward by the Unocal test. If the board of directors succeed, it implies that the decision, regardless if it is a bad decision, is protected by the Business Judgment Rule. The Business Judgment Rule presumes that the board of directors in good faith made an informed decision in the line of the corporations’ interests. The Business Judgment Rule is inherently unique for American companies. In Sweden liability for directors is based on a culpa evaluation which in turn is based on principles deriving from tort law. This is the result from the corporate law only providing for a very limited part concerning liability. In this thesis, the different judicial systems are explained with focus on differences and similarities based on duties of the board. Moreover, the different liabilities from a Swedish and an American perspective will be discussed. Concluding, it is hard to distinguish a Swedish version of the Business Judgment Rule, however, the creation of one would most likely be beneficial since it, to a large extent, provides for a better business world. / Vid ett fientligt företagsförvärv i USA måste styrelseledamöterna visa att de uppfyller de krav som framställts genom Unocal-testet. Lyckas styreledamöterna uppfylla kraven så blir de skyddade från skadeståndsrättsligt ansvar i enlighet med the Business Judgment Rule, oavsett om beslutet ledde till en dålig affär. The Business Judgment Rule presumerar att styrelseledamöterna i god tro fattat ett välgrundat affärsbeslut som ligger i bolagets intresse. The Business Judgment Rule är unikt för amerikanska bolag. I Sverige utgår skadeståndsansvar för styrelseledamöter från en culpabedömning, vilket baseras på allmänna skadeståndsrättsliga principer då den aktiebolagsrättsliga skadeståndsdelen är begränsad. I denna uppsats redogörs de olika rättssystemen med fokus på likheter och skillnader i styrelseuppdraget. Vidare diskuteras styrelseledamöternas skadeståndsansvar utifrån ett amerikanskt och ett svenskt perspektiv. Slutligen visas det att det är svårt att se en svensk version till the Business Judgment Rule, men att en sådan troligen skulle vara att föredra då regeln ger effekter som bidrar till en bättre affärsvärld.

Deontic reasoning is a domain of reasoning concerning permissions, obligations, and prohibitions founded on conditional logic (Wason,1968). The inclusion of a social valence to deontic rules leads to increased rule violation identification in both adults (Cosmides & Tooby, 1992) and children (Harris & Nunez, 1996), suggesting an evolutionary advantage for a specific class of reasoning known as “cheater-detection” (Fiddick, 2004). The current investigation is the first attempt to understand the cognitive and social variables that account for children’s logical reasoning advantage in social violation situations. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2015 / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

O presente trabalho tratou do erro na ação rescisória, compreendendo tanto o erro de fato como o erro de direito, apontando eventuais equívocos e acertos da doutrina e jurisprudência sobre o tema. Na primeira parte do estudo estabeleceu-se as premissas necessárias para as demais, iniciando-se por uma breve introdução a respeito da prestação jurisdicional e seus escopos, pois a ação rescisória não só é meio de prestação jurisdicional, como também é meio de revisão dessa mesma tutela prestada pelo Estado, passando-se, posteriormente, a uma sucinta apresentação da garantia da coisa julgada. Em seguida, ingressando já no tema da ação rescisória, na parte segunda traçou-se um panorama geral acerca do instituto, estabelecendo as principais diferenças entre a ação rescisória e os demais meios de impugnação das decisões judiciais, nos quais se insere a ação rescisória, dando ênfase à excepcionalidade do instituto ora em estudo, justamente por ser meio de revisão da coisa julgada, que goza de proteção constitucional. Na terceira parte, analisou-se o objeto da ação rescisória, que são as sentenças de mérito transitadas em julgado, apontando as possíveis decisões que podem abrir oportunidade ao manejo da ação rescisória, inclusive tratando de questão atual, que concerne à nova definição de sentença de mérito, concluindo-se pela impossibilidade de cisão formal da sentença, bem como examinou-se as principais divergências existentes no que tange às demais decisões, terminando, ainda, com uma breve abordagem do tratamento conferido à ação rescisória no anteprojeto do Código de Processo Civil. Finalmente, na quarta parte, foram feitas considerações sobre as principais questões que surgem em relação ao erro na ação rescisória à luz da doutrina nacional e italiana, bem como acerca dos erros e acertos da jurisprudência dos tribunais superiores a respeito do tema. Demonstrou-se que, para a ação rescisória por erro de fato exige-se apenas a existência de um requisito, qual seja, a ausência de controvérsia sobre ponto a respeito de que a sentença teve que se pronunciar ou teria que se pronunciar. Quanto ao erro de direito, concluiu-se que, para fins da ação rescisória, não é necessário nem que a norma seja clara, nem que a violação se dê contra a literalidade da norma, pois, dificilmente um órgão julgador irá contrariar uma norma de forma clara e frontal. / This paper addresses the error in actions for reversal of judgment, including both errors in fact and errors at law, and points out some possibly mistaken and correct understandings of legal scholars and case law on the subject. The first part of this study lays down the premises required for its other parts, beginning with a short introduction regarding jurisdictional relief and its scopes, since an action for reversal of judgment is not only a means of seeking jurisdictional relief, but also a means of revising such relief as provided by the State. Then, a brief presentation is given on the assurance of res judicata. Next, now entering the realm of actions for reversal of judgment, its second part provides an overview of their institution, setting forth the main differences between actions for reversal of judgment and other means of challenging court rulings, wherein actions for reversal of judgment are included, emphasizing the exceptional nature of the institution studied herein, precisely because such actions are a means of revising a res judicata, which enjoys constitutional protection. Its third part analyzes the subject-matter of actions for reversal of judgment, aimed at judgments on merit that have become res judicata, pointing out rulings that possibly can afford an opportunity for pursuing an action for reversal of judgment, including in dealing with a current issue, which concerns a new definition of judgment on merit, and then it concludes for the impossibility of formally splitting a judgment. It also examines the main existing divergences as regards other rulings, and it closes, furthermore, with a brief discussion of the treatment given to actions for reversal of judgment in the preliminary bill of law for the Code of Civil Procedure. Finally, in its fourth part, some comments are made on the main issues that arise in connection with errors in actions for reversal of judgment, in light of Brazilian and Italian legal scholarship, and on some mistaken and correct understandings in the case law of higher courts regarding the subject. It is demonstrated that for an action for reversal of judgment upon an error of fact, only one existing requirement is called for, namely, the absence of any dispute over a point that had to be heard, or would have to be heard, in the judgment. As for errors at law, the conclusion is reached that for the purposes of an action for reversal of judgment, it is neither necessary for the rule to be clear nor for the violation to be against the literalness of the rule, because a judging authority will hardly contradict a rule in a clear and outright manner.

<p>The aim of this research was to examine whether a significant relationship exists between ethical decision-making had an impact on HR employees within a retail organisation. The questionnaire for the South African Board for People Practices, and the Ethical Position Questionnaire was administered to a sample of 150 employees in a large retail organisation within the Western Cape &ndash / South Africa. The researcher used a non-probability sampling technique specifically, a convenience sampling approach. The results of this study indicate that there is a statistically significant correlation between moral awareness and decision-making amongst HR employees. However with regards to gender there seems to be no statistical significant relationship amongst HR employees and ethical decision-making. Similarly results also indicated that there was no significant relationship between ethical ideology and ethical decision-making. Notwithstanding the limited generalisability of this study, implications for research and practice are suggested and recommendations are made to facilitate improved functioning.</p>

Clinical decision rules improve health care fidelity, benefit patients, physicians and healthcare systems, without reducing patient safety or satisfaction, while promoting cost-effective practice standards. It is critical to appropriately and consistently apply clinical decision rules to realize these benefits. The objective of this thesis was to understand how physicians use the Ottawa Ankle Rules to guide radiography decision-making. The study employed a clinical judgment survey targeting members of the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians. Statistical analyses were informed by the Brunswik Lens Model and Social Judgment Analysis. Physicians’ overall agreement with the ankle rule was high, but can be improved. Physicians placed greatest value on rule-based cues, while considering non-rule-based cues as moderately important. There is room to improve physician agreement with the ankle rule and use of rule-based cues through knowledge translation interventions. Further development of this Lens Modeling technique could lend itself to a valuable cognitive behavioral intervention.

<p>The aim of this research was to examine whether a significant relationship exists between ethical decision-making had an impact on HR employees within a retail organisation. The questionnaire for the South African Board for People Practices, and the Ethical Position Questionnaire was administered to a sample of 150 employees in a large retail organisation within the Western Cape &ndash / South Africa. The researcher used a non-probability sampling technique specifically, a convenience sampling approach. The results of this study indicate that there is a statistically significant correlation between moral awareness and decision-making amongst HR employees. However with regards to gender there seems to be no statistical significant relationship amongst HR employees and ethical decision-making. Similarly results also indicated that there was no significant relationship between ethical ideology and ethical decision-making. Notwithstanding the limited generalisability of this study, implications for research and practice are suggested and recommendations are made to facilitate improved functioning.</p>

Clinical decision rules improve health care fidelity, benefit patients, physicians and healthcare systems, without reducing patient safety or satisfaction, while promoting cost-effective practice standards. It is critical to appropriately and consistently apply clinical decision rules to realize these benefits. The objective of this thesis was to understand how physicians use the Ottawa Ankle Rules to guide radiography decision-making. The study employed a clinical judgment survey targeting members of the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians. Statistical analyses were informed by the Brunswik Lens Model and Social Judgment Analysis. Physicians’ overall agreement with the ankle rule was high, but can be improved. Physicians placed greatest value on rule-based cues, while considering non-rule-based cues as moderately important. There is room to improve physician agreement with the ankle rule and use of rule-based cues through knowledge translation interventions. Further development of this Lens Modeling technique could lend itself to a valuable cognitive behavioral intervention.

A new operationalization was used to model a schema-based approach to moral judgment, as well as compare it to predictions based on the Social Intuitionist Model. Judgments were made about the moral wrongness of killing different animals. At Time 1, only moral judgments were made. At Time 2 judgments were made again, with questions and scales relating to attributing morally relevant cognitive capacities also included; further, two randomized conditions varied the presentation order of the scales. Differences between Time 1 and 2 indicated a reversed perspective-taking effect, with animals of lower capacities rated less empathically at Time 2. Affective ratings and attributed capacities were compared as different predictors, showing attributed capacities being more powerful. A group comparison was also made between active animal rights proponents and non-proponents, showing differences on several factors. These and other findings are discussed with relation to the Social Intuitionist Model and a schema-based account of morality.

Thesis (M. Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 108-115).