Zugleich: Diss. Kiel, 2008. / Literaturverz.

Presented thesis, which is based on the archival material, describes life and work of the prime politician at the turn of 19th and 20th century - JUDr. Bedřich Pacák. The aim of this thesis is introduction of his personality on the political, economic and cultural background. In seven chapters is described his childhood, studies at the high school in Jindřichův Hradec and at the Faculty of Law. Also his profession of advocate, that proceeded to public activity very fast. Pacák dedicated his own life to work for the Czech nation and its freedom. So did when he was on the post of minister or as the land's and empire's deputy or as the chairman of the Czech community of Sokol in Kutná Hora. Pacák was honoured and appreciated personality by his friends, colleagues and also by his political opponents, because of his political activity. Keywords: Bedřich Pacák, advocate, politician, Czech land's assembly, empire's council, Czech people a czech society in the second half of 19th century

Zwischen verschiedenen Berufs(-gruppen) gibt es in Bezug auf das Suizidverhalten deutliche Unterschiede. Berufe, die ein niedriges Suizidrisiko haben, sind geistliche Berufe, Ingenieure, Berufe in der Führung der Privatwirtschaft, Berufe in Verwaltung und Administration, Angestellte mit Bürotätigkeit und waffentragende Berufe. Bei Naturwissenschaftlern und Berufen mit einem menschenzentrierten Berufsbild muss differenziert werden, da beide Berufsgruppen sowohl Berufsbilder mit einem hohen als auch Berufsbilder mit einer eher niedrigen Suizidgefahr beinhalten. Berufe mit einem hohen Suizidrisiko sind Berufe mit naturgeprägtem Arbeitsumfeld, Berufe mit sozialer Isolation, künstlerische Berufe und die Arbeit als Hilfsarbeiter. Außerdem besteht für Arbeitslose eine hohe Suizidgefahr. Für Suizidversuche können in dieser Arbeit keine abschließenden Aussagen getroffen werden, da die vorliegenden Daten in Bezug auf die in dieser Arbeit vorliegende Fragestellung nicht zufriedenstellend ausgewertet werden können. Tendenziell kann aber eine erhöhte Suizidversuchsrate bei Hilfsarbeitern und Arbeitslosen festgestellt werden. Über den Zusammenhang zwischen Suizid/Suizidversuch bei verschiedenen Berufsgruppen müssen noch weitere Untersuchungen durchgeführt werden. Gerade im Bereich der „blue collor worker“ gibt es noch viele Berufe, die genauer untersucht werden müssen. Das Gleiche gilt für den Einfluss von Immigranten auf die Anzahl von suizidalen Handlungen bei bestimmten Berufsbildern. Außerdem muss noch überprüft werden, ob die hier vorgenommene Einteilung der Berufe für (hier) nicht untersuchten Berufsgruppen (s.o) ebenfalls gilt. Desweiteren muss noch weiter untersucht werden, ob diese Einteilung nur auf westlich geprägte Länder zutrifft, oder ob sie kulturübergreifend das Suizidverhalten widerspiegelt. / There are significant differences between professions in suicidal behaviour. Professions with low suicidal risk are clerks, engineers, white collar workers and armed people. Scientists and man-centered professions have a indifferent risk. At high suicidal risk are outdoor workers, occupation with social isolation, artists, helpers and unemployed. No final results could be drawn from the present data on suicide attempts, because they did not allow appropriate analysis in relation to this problem. However there seems to be a higher risk of commiting suicide attempts in helpers and unemployed. Further research into the correlation suicide/occupation is required. Especially there is just few data on blue collar workers as well as on the Influence of immigration and suicide in professions. Furthermore it remains to be tested wether the classification in the study holds true for professions not investigated and in another culture area as the western world.

Zugl.: Würzburg, Univ., Diss., 2007

Zugl.: Hannover, Univ., Diss., 1999.

Uses rule based AI (forward and backward chaining) to model legal decision making by judges. / AI to model legal decision making (c) Eric Engle

This thesis aims to contribute to the existing gap in the research of religion in international relations by applying the theory of elite instrumentalism to the proxy conflict between Saudi Arabia and Iran. The analysis was able to demonstrate that the elites of both states have instrumentalized religion by utilizing concepts of Islamic rulership to legitimize their rule and justify their political actions. Iran has utilized the Shia Twelver concept of “Guardianship of the Jurist”, advocated by Ayatollah Khomeini during the Iranian revolution, to give Islamic jurists the same function as holy figures in Shia Islam. Saudi elites have legitimized their rule with the Wahhabi interpretation of Sunni Islam and the concept of “Head of the community”, which deems it sinful for subjects to oppose their Muslim ruler. By analysing fatwas, speeches, narratives and ideas being pushed by the elites of the countries, this study confirms that state elites have used religion to mobilize groups in the civil wars occurring in Yemen and Syria. Elites of both states have attempted to discredit each other to be able to expand their influence in the region and to assert their dominance by presenting themselves as rulers with the God-given right to rule.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur ekonomer och jurister får sitt första jobb efter examen. Uppsatsen fokuserar på finanskrisen i Sverige under 1990-talet (90-talskrisen) och utreder om det är skillnad att ta en examen, före, under och efter en ekonomisk kris. Den fokuserar också på det skifte i arbetsmarknaden som skedde med såväl lagstiftning som förändringen från många lågkvalificerade till fler högkvalificerade jobb. Materialet som används är från den tidigare fackföreningen Jusek:s arbetsmarknadsundersökningar som undersöker vad samtliga nyexaminerade från deras olika yrkesgrupper gjorde ett halvår efter examen. Uppsatsen jämför en rad olika saker såsom anställningar (heltids- och tidsbegränsade anställningar, egenföretagare och notarietjänstgöring), arbetslöshet, rekryteringskanaler och jämför även vilken sektor (privat och offentlig) ekonomer och jurister fick jobb inom. / The purpose of this paper is to investigate how Economists and Lawyers get their first job when they graduate. The paper focuses on the Swedish financial crisis that happened during the early 1990s. This paper highlights how it is to graduate during a financial crisis compared to the time before and after the crisis. It also focuses on the shift in the labor market with changes both in lawmaking but also the change from low-skilled to high-skilled work. The material that is being used is from a former union called Jusek and surveys that they conducted every year about what people did a half year after they graduated. The paper compares four among others different employments (full-time employment, unemployment, and temporary employment), recruitments method, and the public versus private sector.

Unlike in the Ottoman world, the exercise of judicial power in nineteenth century Qajar Iran was not contingent upon formal appointment by the political authority. In accordance with the dominant Ṣūlī theory, it derived from the perceived intellectual ability of a cleric to infer the ruling of God (Ḥukmullāh) from the sources of Twelver Shī'ī law through deductive effort (ijtihād). Like the Ottoman qāḍī, the Qajar Uṣūlī jurist or mujtahid known as Ḥākim-i shar' in a judicial context had both notarial and adjudicative powers. The Qajar jurist could thus authenticate, register, annul legal documents and act as an arbiter in lawsuits. The Qajar jurist could also, however, issue a legal opinion. This was the role of the muftī – a separate judicial office in other parts of the Islamic world. Qajar jurists exercised their extensive judicial powers through a network of informal sharī'a courts, which they came to operate in most Iranian towns and cities largely independent of direct state control. While the notarial aspects of the Qajar sharī'a court have received some scholarly attention, this study aims to investigate the role of the jurist and his ruling (Ḥukm-i shar') in sharī'a litigation (murāfa'a pl. –āt).

Zugl.: Freiburg (Breisgau), Universiẗat, Magisterarbeit, 2007.